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Teori Harga Pasar
53

Teori harga pasar

Nov 22, 2014

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Teori mengenai harga pasar
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Page 1: Teori harga pasar

TeoriHarga Pasar

TeoriHarga Pasar

Page 2: Teori harga pasar

Teori Harga PasarTeori Harga Pasar

Kurva PermintaanKurva Permintaan

Page 3: Teori harga pasar

Kurva Permintaan:Permintaan atas Kentang (per bulan )

Kurva Permintaan:Permintaan atas Kentang (per bulan )

Page 4: Teori harga pasar

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Quantity (tonnes: 000s)

Pri

ce (

pen

ce p

er k

g)

Price(pence per kg)

20

Market demand(tonnes 000s)

700A

Point

A

Market demand for potatoes (monthly)Market demand for potatoes (monthly)

Demand

Page 5: Teori harga pasar

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Quantity (tonnes: 000s)

Pri

ce (

pen

ce p

er k

g)

Price(pence per kg)

20

40

Market demand(tonnes 000s)

700

500

A

B

Point

A

B

Demand

Market demand for potatoes (monthly)Market demand for potatoes (monthly)

Page 6: Teori harga pasar

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Quantity (tonnes: 000s)

Pri

ce (

pen

ce p

er k

g)

Price(pence per kg)

20

40

60

Market demand(tonnes 000s)

700

500

350

A

B

C

Point

A

B

C

Demand

Market demand for potatoes (monthly)Market demand for potatoes (monthly)

Page 7: Teori harga pasar

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Quantity (tonnes: 000s)

Pri

ce (

pen

ce p

er k

g)

Price(pence per kg)

20

40

60

80

Market demand(tonnes 000s)

700

500

350

200

A

B

C

D

Point

A

B

C

D

Demand

Market demand for potatoes (monthly)Market demand for potatoes (monthly)

Page 8: Teori harga pasar

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Quantity (tonnes: 000s)

Pri

ce (

pen

ce p

er k

g)

Price(pence per kg)

20

40

60

80

100

Market demand(tonnes 000s)

700

500

350

200100

A

B

C

D

E

Point

A

B

C

D

E

Demand

Market demand for potatoes (monthly)Market demand for potatoes (monthly)

Page 9: Teori harga pasar

Teori Harga PasarTeori Harga Pasar

Shifts of thedemand curveShifts of the

demand curve

Page 10: Teori harga pasar

D1

Pric

e

P

O Q0 Q1

Quantity

An increase in demandAn increase in demand

D0

Page 11: Teori harga pasar

D0

Pric

e

P

O Q0 Q1

Quantity

A decrease in demandA decrease in demand

D1

Page 12: Teori harga pasar

Teori Harga PasarTeori Harga Pasar

Kurva PenawaranKurva Penawaran

Page 13: Teori harga pasar

The supply curve:The supply of potatoes (monthly)

The supply curve:The supply of potatoes (monthly)

Page 14: Teori harga pasar

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Pri

ce (

pen

ce p

er k

g)

Quantity (tonnes: 000s)

Supply

a

P

20

Q

100a

Market supply of potatoes (monthly)Market supply of potatoes (monthly)

Page 15: Teori harga pasar

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Pri

ce (

pen

ce p

er k

g)

Quantity (tonnes: 000s)

Supply

a

b

P

20 40

Q

100200

ab

Market supply of potatoes (monthly)Market supply of potatoes (monthly)

Page 16: Teori harga pasar

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Pri

ce (

pen

ce p

er k

g)

Quantity (tonnes: 000s)

Supply

a

b

c

P

20 40 60

Q

100200350

abc

Market supply of potatoes (monthly)Market supply of potatoes (monthly)

Page 17: Teori harga pasar

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Pri

ce (

pen

ce p

er k

g)

Quantity (tonnes: 000s)

Supply

a

b

c

d P

20 40 60 80

Q

100200350530

abcd

Market supply of potatoes (monthly)Market supply of potatoes (monthly)

Page 18: Teori harga pasar

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Pri

ce (

pen

ce p

er k

g)

Quantity (tonnes: 000s)

Supply

a

b

c

d

e

P

20 40 60 80100

Q

100200350530700

abcde

Market supply of potatoes (monthly)Market supply of potatoes (monthly)

Page 19: Teori harga pasar

Teori Harga PasarTeori Harga Pasar

Shifts of thesupply curveShifts of thesupply curve

Page 20: Teori harga pasar

P

QO

S0

Shifts in the supply curveShifts in the supply curve

Page 21: Teori harga pasar

P

QO

S0

Increase

S1

Shifts in the supply curveShifts in the supply curve

Page 22: Teori harga pasar

P

QO

S2 S0 S1

IncreaseDecrease

Shifts in the supply curveShifts in the supply curve

Page 23: Teori harga pasar

Teori Harga PasarTeori Harga Pasar

Keseimbangan PasarKeseimbangan Pasar

Page 24: Teori harga pasar

Equilibrium price and output:The Market Demand and Supply of Potatoes (Monthly)

Equilibrium price and output:The Market Demand and Supply of Potatoes (Monthly)

Page 25: Teori harga pasar

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

The determination of market equilibrium (potatoes: monthly)

The determination of market equilibrium (potatoes: monthly)

Quantity (tonnes: 000s)

E

D

C

B

Aa

b

c

d

e

Supply

Demand

Pri

ce (

pen

ce p

er k

g)

Page 26: Teori harga pasar

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Quantity (tonnes: 000s)

E

C

B

Aa

b

c

e

Supply

Demand

Pri

ce (

pen

ce p

er k

g)

D dSURPLUS

(330 000)

The determination of market equilibrium (potatoes: monthly)

The determination of market equilibrium (potatoes: monthly)

Page 27: Teori harga pasar

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Quantity (tonnes: 000s)

E

D

C

B

Aa

b

c

d

e

Supply

Demand

Pri

ce (

pen

ce p

er k

g)

SHORTAGE

(300 000)

The determination of market equilibrium (potatoes: monthly)

The determination of market equilibrium (potatoes: monthly)

Page 28: Teori harga pasar

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

D d

Qe

Quantity (tonnes: 000s)

E

B

Aa

b

e

Supply

Demand

Pri

ce (

pen

ce p

er k

g)The determination of market equilibrium

(potatoes: monthly)The determination of market equilibrium

(potatoes: monthly)

Page 29: Teori harga pasar

Teori Harga PasarTeori Harga Pasar

Pengaruh shift of the demand curve terhadap

Keseimbangan Pasar

Pengaruh shift of the demand curve terhadap

Keseimbangan Pasar

Page 30: Teori harga pasar

P

QO

Pe1

Qe1

S

D1

g

Effect of a shift in the demand curveEffect of a shift in the demand curve

An increase in demand

Page 31: Teori harga pasar

P

QO

Pe1

Qe1

S

D1

g

Effect of a shift in the demand curveEffect of a shift in the demand curve

Page 32: Teori harga pasar

P

QO

Pe1

Qe1

S

D1

D2

g

Effect of a shift in the demand curveEffect of a shift in the demand curve

Page 33: Teori harga pasar

P

QO

Pe1

Qe1

S

g h

D1

D2

Pe2

Qe2

i

Effect of a shift in the demand curveEffect of a shift in the demand curve

Page 34: Teori harga pasar

P

QO

Pe1

Qe1

S

D1D2

g

A decrease in demand

Effect of a shift in the demand curveEffect of a shift in the demand curve

Page 35: Teori harga pasar

P

QO

Pe1

Qe1

S

D1D2

g

Pe2

Qe2

n

m

Effect of a shift in the demand curveEffect of a shift in the demand curve

Page 36: Teori harga pasar

Teori Harga PasarTeori Harga Pasar

Pengaruh shift of the supply curve terhadap Keseimbangan Pasar

Pengaruh shift of the supply curve terhadap Keseimbangan Pasar

Page 37: Teori harga pasar

P

QO

Pe1

Qe1

D

S1

g

Effect of a shift in the supply curveEffect of a shift in the supply curve

A decrease in supply

Page 38: Teori harga pasar

P

QO

Pe1

Qe1

D

S1

g

Effect of a shift in the supply curveEffect of a shift in the supply curve

Page 39: Teori harga pasar

P

QO

Pe1

Qe1

D

S1

S2

g

Effect of a shift in the supply curveEffect of a shift in the supply curve

Page 40: Teori harga pasar

P

QO

Pe1

Pe3

Qe3Qe1

D

S1

S2

j g

k

Effect of a shift in the supply curveEffect of a shift in the supply curve

Page 41: Teori harga pasar

P

QO

Pe1

Qe1

D

S1

g

An increase in supply

S2

Effect of a shift in the supply curveEffect of a shift in the supply curve

Page 42: Teori harga pasar

P

QO

Pe1

Qe1

D

S1

g

S2

p

Pe2

Qe2

q

Effect of a shift in the supply curveEffect of a shift in the supply curve

Page 43: Teori harga pasar

Teori Harga PasarTeori Harga Pasar

Pengaruh Dimensi Waktu terhadap

Keseimbangan Pasar

Pengaruh Dimensi Waktu terhadap

Keseimbangan Pasar

Page 44: Teori harga pasar

Dimensi Waktu PenawaranDimensi Waktu Penawaran

Berdasarkan dimensi waktunya, pasar dikelompokkan menjadi 3 jenis yaitu:

1. Pasar seketika atau immediate market

2. Pasar jangka pendek atau short-run market

3. Pasar jangka panjang atau long-run market

Page 45: Teori harga pasar

Pasar Seketika atau Immediate MarketPasar Seketika atau Immediate Market

Pasar seketika merupakan periode pasar

yang demikian pendeknya hingga tidak

memungkinkan bagi produsen untuk

mengubah jumlah hasil produksinya.

Kuantitas suply yang ditawarkan adalah

tetap

Page 46: Teori harga pasar

Pasar Jangka Pendek atau Short-run MarketPasar Jangka Pendek atau Short-run Market

Pasar Jangka Pendek merupakan periode pasar dimana

produsen telah dapat memperbaiki hasil produksinya, tetapi

belum cukup waktu untuk mengubah skala produksi. Dan di

samping itu belum memungkinkan untuk masuknya produsen

baru dalam pasar

Kuantitas suply yang ditawarkan mengikuti hukum penawaran

dan cenderung inelastis

Page 47: Teori harga pasar

Pasar Jangka Panjang atau Long-run MarketPasar Jangka Panjang atau Long-run Market

Pasar Jangka Panjang merupakan periode pasar

dimana produsen telah memiliki cukup waktu untuk

mengubah skala produksi. Dan memungkinkan

masuknya produsen baru dalam pasar

Kuantitas suply yang ditawarkan mengikuti hukum

penawaran dan cenderung elastis

Page 48: Teori harga pasar

Teori Harga PasarTeori Harga Pasar

Pengaruh Perubahan Permintaan terhadap Keseimbangan Pasar pada

Immediate Market

Pengaruh Perubahan Permintaan terhadap Keseimbangan Pasar pada

Immediate Market

Page 49: Teori harga pasar

P

QO

Pe1

Qe1

S

D1

D2

g

D3

Pe2

Pe3

Page 50: Teori harga pasar

Teori Harga PasarTeori Harga Pasar

Pengaruh Perubahan Permintaan terhadap Keseimbangan Pasar pada

Short-run Market

Pengaruh Perubahan Permintaan terhadap Keseimbangan Pasar pada

Short-run Market

Page 51: Teori harga pasar

P

QO

Pe1

Qe1

S

D1

D2

g

D3

Pe2

Pe3

Qe2Qe3

Page 52: Teori harga pasar

Teori Harga PasarTeori Harga Pasar

Pengaruh Perubahan Permintaan terhadap Keseimbangan Pasar pada

Long-run Market

Pengaruh Perubahan Permintaan terhadap Keseimbangan Pasar pada

Long-run Market

Page 53: Teori harga pasar

P

QO

Pe1

Qe1

S

D1

D2

g

D3

Pe2

Pe3

Qe2Qe3