Sistem i Mun

8/11/2019 Sistem i Mun

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[email protected]


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3 lapisan pertahanan tubuh

1. Skin: The First Line of Defense

2. Cellular Counterattack: The Second

. e mmune esponse: e rLine of Defense


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Fun si Sistem Inte umen

dengan lingkungan

Kulit sebagai garis pertahanan pertamaSkin: The First Line of Defense

Kulit sebagai satu pembatas terhadap

infeksi The Skin as a Barrier to Infection


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dalam tubuh ?

Masuk melalui sistem integumen

, mata, telinga serta saluran

respirasi dan pencernaan.


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Bagaimana tubuh memberi respon

jika patogen masuk ke dalam tubuh ?


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Perlawanan pertama

adalah dengan respon

immun non spesifik : sel

Cairan limfatik mengalir

melalui sistem limfatik

(lymphatic system) yang

berfungsi juga dalam

seluler

Sel Macrophages mefago

sitosis mikrobial ukuranbesar

The lymphatic system. The lymphatic system consists

of lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and lymphatic

organs, including the spleen and thymus gland.


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A macrophage in action (1800). In this scanning electron micrograph,

a macrophage is fishing with long, sticky cytoplasmic extensions.

toward the macrophage and engulfed.


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Apa dan dari mana sel

makrofag berasal ?


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bersifat fagositik terhadap invaders yang,

hati, limfa, dan sumsum merah.

Sel makrofag bersirkulasi dalam cairan

an ar se .


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Selanjutnya apa yang akan terjadi

jika ada infeksi ?


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Monosit melalui kapiler masuk ke jaringan

berubah menjadi makrofag

,

undifferentiated leukocyte) found in the blood squeeze

through capillaries to enter the connective tissues.

ere, a e s e o e n ec on, e monocy es aretransformed into additional macrophages.


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Selain sel makrofag ?


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bekerja seperti makrofag menelan dan

fagositosis. Selanjutnya neutrofil

membunuh bakteri lain yang berada di

.


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dengan fagositosis,melainkan menyerang

sel target yang telah

terinfeksi.caranya : memasukan

porfirin ke sel target

membran sel target


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How complement creates a hole in a cell membrane.As the

diagram shows, the complement proteins form a complex

-by natural killer cells.


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Sel apa saja yang diserang

NK SEL ?


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1. Sel an terinfeksi oleh bakteri/virus

2. Sel kanker

.

Implikasinya : untuk melawan kanker bisadengan jalan memperbanyak NK SEL


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Sistem ertahanan KIMIAWI

juga efektif adalah dengan sistemcom lement s stem an terdiriapproximately 20 different proteins that

circulate freely in the blood plasma. Protein tsb membentuk agregat dan

merusak dinding sel bakteri/fungi,

er en u u ang an a r masu sebakteri pecah


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Apa yang dimaksud


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The events in a local inflammation. When an invading microbe has

enetrated the skin, chemicals, such as histamine and rosta landins,cause nearby blood vessels to dilate. Increased blood flow brings a

wave of phagocytic cells, which attack and engulf invading bacteria.


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Pertahan non spesifik : respon

seluler oleh makrofag, monosit,

neutrofil, basofil, eosinofil, NK sel,


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Bagaimana respon immun spesifik

berlangsung (pertahanan lapis ke 3) ?

By Cells of the Specific


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T cells direct the cell-mediated response, .


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Sel terkontaminasi mikroba menampilkan antigen dikenali reseptor antibodi


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T cells bind to foreign antigens in conjunction with MHC proteins. The

CD4 coreceptor on helper T cells requires that these cells interact with class-2

MHC (or MHC-II) proteins. The CD8 coreceptor on cytotoxic T cells requires

that these cells interact only with cells bearing class-1 MHC (or MHC-I)

proteins.


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The T cell immune defense.After a macrophage has processed an antigen, it releases interleukin-1, signaling helper

T cells to bind to the antigen-MHC protein complex. This triggers the helper T cell to release interleukin-2, which

stimulates the multiplication of cytotoxic T cells. In addition, proliferation of cytotoxic T cells is stimulated when a T cell

- - .Body cells that have been infected by the antigen are destroyed by the cytotoxic T cells. As the infection subsides,

suppressor T cells turn off the immune response.


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Cytotoxic T cells destroy cancer cells. (a) The cytotoxic T cell

(orange) comes into contact with a cancer cell (pink). (b) The T cell

of the cancer.


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Antibodi immunoglobulin

1. IgM. This is the first type of antibody to be secreted during theprimary response and they serve as receptors on the lymphocytesurface. These antibodies also promote agglutination reactionscaus ng an gen-con a n ng par c es o s c oge er, or agg u na e .

2. IgG. This is the major form of antibody in the blood plasma and is.

3. IgD. These antibodies serve as receptors for antigens on the B cell

surface. Their other functions are unknown.

4. IgA. This is the major form of antibody in external secretions, suchas saliva and mothers milk.

5. IgE. This form of antibodies promotes the release of histamine andother agents that aid in attacking a pathogen. Unfortunately, theysometimes trigger a full-blown response when a harmless antigenen ers e o y pro uc ng a erg c symp oms, suc as ose o ayfever.


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helper


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Aspek aplikatif antibodi-antigen


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-

Hidung berlendir ata era r

Timbul bercak-bercak merah di kulit


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.

Autoimmune Diseases.

jika :

a. u u er on am nas v rus

b. tubuh terluka benda tajam

c. tubuh mengidap sel kanker


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.

inflamasi.

tubuh yang kita miliki ?

. aga mana respon u u a u u a

terkontaminasi oleh virus ?


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by failure of the immune system to.

This failure results in the activation of

production of autoantibodies by B,

damage.

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