PROTOTYPE SMART CLASSROOM BERBASIS …eprints.uns.ac.id/19556/1/COVER.pdf · perkuliahan menggunakan arduino mikrokontroler dan ... S.Si selaku dosen pembimbing yang telah dengan

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PROTOTYPE SMART CLASSROOM BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER

MENGGUNAKAN RASPBERRY PI DAN ARDUINO

TUGAS AKHIR

Diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat mencapai Gelar Ahli Madya

Program Studi Diploma III Teknik Informatika

Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Sebelas Maret

Diajukan oleh:

DICKY SYAIFUL HUDA

NIM. M3111050

PROGRAM DIPLOMA III TEKNIK INFORMATIKA FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM

UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET SURAKARTA

2014


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ABSTRACT

DICKY SYAIFUL HUDA. M3111050. MICROCONTROLER BASED SMART CLASSROOM PROTOTYPE USING RASPBERRY PI AND ARDUINO. Diploma III of Informatics Engineering, Faculty of Metematics and Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, June 2014.

Along with the development of technology, control systems on electrical equipment can be executed from over long distance by using a web-based electrical control systems.Overusing the classroom facility can cost the waste of resource. Smart Classroom is a system that offers remote control facilities using the Arduino microcontroller classroom and raspberry pi as a web server.

Smart Classroom system can help administrator to manage the use of classroom facilities. Administrators can manage classroom facilities through web interface on smart classroom with Local Area Network(LAN) access. Integration between the classroom schedules and classroom facility control applied as a Smart Classroom system automation.

The feature of a smart classroom system are monitoring classroom facilities via a web interface, classroom facility control automation integrated with lecture schedule and classroom management schedule. Keywords: Smart Classroom, Automation, Arduino, Raspberry Pi


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ABSTRAK

DICKY SYAIFUL HUDA. M3111050. PROTOTYPE SMART CLASSROOM BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER MENGGUNAKAN RASPBERRY PI DAN ARDUINO. Diploma III Teknik Informatika, Fakultas Metematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Univertas Sebelas Maret, Juni 2014. Seiring perkembangan teknologi, sistem kontrol pada peralatan listrik dapat dilakukan melalui jarak jauh dengan menggunakan sistem kontrol listrik berbasis web. Penggunaan fasilitas ruang perkuliahan yang tidak sesuai dengan kebutuhan menyebabkan pemborosan sumber daya. Smart Classroom merupakan sistem yang menawarkan kendali jarak jauh fasilitas runag perkuliahan menggunakan arduino mikrokontroler dan mini pc raspberry pi sebagai web server.

Sistem Smart Classroom dapat mempermudah administrator dalam mengelola penggunaan fasilitas ruang kelas. Administrator dapat mengelola fasilitas ruang perkuliahan melalui antermuka website pada sistem smart classroom dengan akses LAN(Local Area Network). Integrasi antara jadwal penggunaan ruang perkuliahan dengan kontrol fasilitas ruang perkuliahan diterapkan sebagai automsasi sistem Smart Classroom.

Fitur sistem smart classroom menggunakan arduino mikrokontroler dengan web server raspberry pi meliputi monitoring fasilitas ruang perkuliahan melalui antarmuka web, automasi kontrol fasilitas ruang perkuliahan yang terintegrasi dengan jadwal perkuliahan dan manajemen jadwal ruang kelas. Kata Kunci : Smart Classroom, Automasi, Arduino, Raspberry Pi


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MOTTO

Manusia tidak merancang untuk gagal, mereka gagal untuk merancang.

( William J. Siegel )

Sesuatu yang belum dikerjakan, seringkali tampak mustahil; kita baru yakin kalau

kita telah berhasil melakukannya dengan baik.(Evelyn Underhill)

right.(Steve Jobs)


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HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN


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KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa yang telah melimpahkan

rahmat dan barokahnya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan Tugas Akhir

Prototype Smart Classroom Berbasis Mikrokontroler

Menggunakan Raspberry Pi d

untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat dalam memperoleh gelar Amd. pada Program

Studi Diploma III Teknik Informatika Universitas Sebelas Maret.

Dalam melakukan penelitian dan penyusunan laporan Tugas Akhir ini

penulis telah mendapatkan banyak dukungan dan bantuan dari berbagai pihak.

Penulis mengucapkan terima kasih yang tak terhingga kepada:

1. Prof. Ir. Ari Handono Ramelan, M.Sc(hons).,Ph.D. selaku Pimpinan

Fakultas MIPA Universitas Sebelas Maret yang memberikan izin kepada

penulis untuk belajar.

2. Drs. Y.S Palgunadi, M.Sc selaku Ketua Program Studi Diploma III Teknik

Informatika Universitas Sebelas Maret yang memberikan izin kepada

penulis untuk belajar.

3. Rudi Hartono, S.Si selaku dosen pembimbing yang telah dengan penuh

kesabaran dan ketulusan memberikan ilmu dan bimbingan terbaik kepada

penulis.

4. Para Dosen Program Studi Diploma III Teknik Informatika Universitas

Sebelas Maret yang telah memberikan bekal ilmu kepada penulis.

5. Para Karyawan/wati Program Studi Diploma III Teknik Informatika

Universitas Sebelas Maret yang telah membantu penulis dalam proses

belajar.

6. Kedua orangtua penulis yang sangat banyak memberikan bantuan moril,

material, arahan, dan selalu mendoakan keberhasilan dan keselamatan

selama menempuh pendidikan.


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7. Semua pihak yang tidak dapat penulis sebut satu persatu yang telah

membantu dalam penyelesaian penulisan skripsi ini.

Akhir kata, semoga tulisan ini dapat memberikan manfaat dan memberikan

wawasan tambahan bagi para pembaca dan khususnya bagi penulis sendiri.

Surakarta, 25 Mei 2014

Penulis


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DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL .............................................................................................. i

HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN.............................................................................. ii

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN .............................................................................. iii

ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... iv

ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................. v

MOTTO ................................................................................................................ vi

HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN.......................................................................... vii

KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................ viii

DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................... x

DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................... xiii

DAFTAR TABEL................................................................................................ xv

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ...................................................................................... 1

1.1 Latar Belakang .......................................................................................... 1

1.2 Perumusan Masalah .................................................................................. 2

1.3 Batasan Masalah Penelitian ...................................................................... 2

1.4 Tujuan Penelitian ...................................................................................... 3

1.5 Manfaat Penelitian .................................................................................... 3

1.6 Sistematika Penulisan ............................................................................... 3

BAB II LANDASAN TEORI ............................................................................... 5

2.1 Rasberry PI................................................................................................ 5

2.2 Arduino UNO............................................................................................ 6

2.3 Relay ......................................................................................................... 8

2.4 Arduino IDE.............................................................................................. 9

2.5 Web Server .............................................................................................. 10

2.6 Apache2 .................................................................................................. 11

2.7 PHP ......................................................................................................... 12

2.8 Cron......................................................................................................... 12


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2.9 MySql ...................................................................................................... 13

2.10 PIR (Passive Infra Red) Sensor .............................................................. 14

2.11 Data Flow Diagram (DFD) .................................................................... 15

2.12 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) ....................................................... 17

2.13 Basis Data ............................................................................................... 20

2.14 Pengujian Black Box ............................................................................... 21

2.15 Flowchart ................................................................................................ 21

BAB III ANALISA KEBUTUHAN DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM ......... 24

3.1. Deskripsi Data dan Kebutuhan Sistem ................................................... 24

3.2 Jalannya Penelitian.................................................................................. 25

3.3 Perancangan Sistem ................................................................................ 27

3.3.1 Arsitektur Sistem ............................................................................. 27

3.3.1. Desain Database dan Interface ....................................................... 28

3.3.1.1 ERD (Entitiy Relationship Diagram) ...................................... 28

3.3.1.2 Konteks Diagram ..................................................................... 29

3.3.1.3 Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Level 0 ........................................ 30

3.3.1.4 Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Level 1 Proses 1.......................... 31

3.3.1.5 Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Level 1 Proses 2 .......................... 31

3.3.1.6 Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Level 1 Proses 3.......................... 32

3.3.1.7 Relasi Antar Tabel ................................................................... 34

3.3.1.8 Struktur Data ............................................................................ 35

3.3.1.9 Desain Perancangan Interface ................................................. 37

3.3.2 Hardware dan Prototype ................................................................. 39

3.3.2.1 Arduino UNO Mikrokontroler ................................................. 40

3.3.2.2 Sensor PIR ............................................................................... 45

3.3.2.3 Relay ........................................................................................ 45

3.3.2.4 Maket........................................................................................ 45

3.3.3 Raspberry Pi Web Server ................................................................ 45

3.4 Cara Analisis ........................................................................................... 46

3.4.1 Ujicoba dan analisis ........................................................................ 46


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BAB IV IMPLEMENTASI DAN ANALISA .................................................... 48

4.1 Implementasi Sistem ............................................................................... 48

4.1.1 Interface Kontrol Smart Classroom ................................................ 48

4.1.2 Interface Jadwal Smart Classroom.................................................. 51

4.1.3 Interface Edit Jadwal Smart Classroom .......................................... 51

4.1.3 Hardware dan Prototype .................................................................. 52

4.1.4 Raspberry Pi .................................................................................... 56

4.1.4.1 Instalasi Sistem Operasi Debian Whezzy ................................ 57

4.1.4.2 Instalasi dan konfigurasi Paket Server ..................................... 57

4.2 Analisa dan Pengujian............................................................................. 57

4.2.1 Desain Interface dan Database ........................................................ 58

4.2.1.1 Pengujian Black Box Interface Kontrol .................................. 58

4.2.1.2 Interface Jadwal ...................................................................... 59

4.2.1.3 Interface Edit Jadwal ............................................................... 59

4.2.2 Hardware dan Prototype ................................................................. 60

4.2.3 Raspberry Pi .................................................................................... 63

4.3 Pengujian Sistem Smart Classroom ........................................................ 65

BAB V PENUTUP ............................................................................................... 69

5.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................................. 69

5.2 Saran ....................................................................................................... 70

DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................... 71

LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................................... 1

A. Instalasi Sistem Operasi Raspberry Pi ...................................................... 1

B. Instalasi Dan Konfigurasi Paket Server .................................................. 18


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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1. Core components Raspberry pi board ........................................... 5

Gambar 2.2. Core components arduino uno board ............................................ 6

Gambar 2.3. Diagram Mechanical Relay ........................................................... 8

Gambar 2.4. Tampilan framework arduino IDE............................................... 10

Gambar 2.5. Cron Syntax ................................................................................. 13

Gambar 2.6. Block diagram sensor PIR ........................................................... 14

Gambar 2.7. Jangkauan sensor PIR .................................................................. 15

Gambar 2.8. Arah dan jarak sensor pir ............................................................. 15

Gambar 2.9. Entitas Satu ke Satu ..................................................................... 19

Gambar 2.10. Entitas Satu ke Banyak ............................................................ 19

Gambar 2.11. Entitas banyak ke satu.............................................................. 20

Gambar 2.12. Gambar 2.4 Entitas banyak ke banyak..................................... 20

Gambar 2.13. Simbol flowchart system ......................................................... 22

Gambar 3.1. Jalannya Penelitian ...................................................................... 25

Gambar 3.2. Blok Sistem Smart Classroom..................................................... 28

Gambar 3.3. ERD Smart Classroom ................................................................ 29

Gambar 3.4. Konteks diagram .......................................................................... 29

Gambar 3.5. DFD Level 0 ................................................................................ 30

Gambar 3.6. DFD Level 1 Proses 1.................................................................. 31



Gambar 3.9. Relasi tabel .................................................................................. 34

Gambar 3.10. Interface Utama ....................................................................... 37

Gambar 3.11. Interface jadwal ruang ............................................................. 38

Gambar 3.12. Tabel Edit Jadwal..................................................................... 38

Gambar 3.13. Block diagram hardware dan prototype .................................. 39

Gambar 3.14. Skema Arduino-relay ............................................................... 40

Gambar 3.15. Flowchart sistem arduino ......................................................... 41


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Gambar 3.16. Flowchart automasi awal ......................................................... 42

Gambar 3.17. Flowchart automasi akhir......................................................... 43

Gambar 3.18. Flowchart akses pin arduino .................................................... 44

Gambar 4.1. Interface kontrol Smart Classroom ............................................. 48

Gambar 4.2. Interface jadwal Smart Classroom .............................................. 51

Gambar 4.3. Interface edit jadwal .................................................................... 52

Gambar 4.4. Hardware dan prototype.............................................................. 53



Gambar 4.7. Komponen relay .......................................................................... 54

Gambar 4.8. Rangkaian arduino ....................................................................... 55

Gambar 4.9. Board raspberry pi ....................................................................... 56

Gambar 4.10. Rangkaian arduino dengan raspberry pi .................................. 57

Gambar 4.11. Pengujian Apache .................................................................... 63

Gambar 4.12. Pengujian interface dari web server......................................... 63


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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1. Deskripsi Arduino Uno ..................................................................... 7

Tabel 2.2. - ......................................................................... 16

Tabel 2.3. - ............................................................. 17

Tabel 3.1. Tabel Jadwal.................................................................................... 35

Tabel 3.2. Tabel Matakuliah ............................................................................ 35

Tabel 3.3. Tabel Jam ........................................................................................ 36

Tabel 3.4. Tabel Dosen .................................................................................... 36

Tabel 3.5. Tabel hari ........................................................................................ 37

Tabel 3.6. Pengujian interface sistem Smart Classroom ................................. 46

Tabel 3.7. Pengujian Mikrokontroler ............................................................... 47

Tabel 3.8. Pengujian keseluruhan sistem ......................................................... 47

PROTOTYPE SMART CLASSROOM BERBASIS …eprints.uns.ac.id/19556/1/COVER.pdf · perkuliahan menggunakan arduino mikrokontroler dan ... S.Si selaku dosen pembimbing yang telah dengan

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