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PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR
Periode LXXII, Semester Gasal , Tahun 2017/2018
LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM
SEMARANG CREATIVE CENTER
Tema Desain
Arsitektur Kontemporer
Fokus Kajian
Menciptakan Citra Kreatif Menggunakan Arsitektural Pada Fasad dan Interior Bangunan
Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan
memperoleh gelar Sarjana Arsitektur
Disusun oleh:
Siti Maesaroh 13.11.0137
Dosen pembimbing :
Ir. Supriyono, MT NIDN. 0615025701
PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR
FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA
September 2017
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PENYATAAN KEASLIAN
Saya yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini:
Nama : Siti Maesaroh
NIM : 13.11.0137
Jurusan / Program Studi : Arsitektur
Fakultas / Program : Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain
Unika Soegijapranata
Menyatakan dengan sebenarnya bahwa Proyek Akhir Arsitektur tahap Landasan
Teori dan Program dengan judul: Semarang Creative Center ini benar-benar
merupakan hasil karya saya sendiri, bebas dari peniruan terhadap karya dari orang
lain. Kutipan pendapat dan tulisan orang lain ditunjuk sesuai dengan cara-cara
penulisan karya ilmiah yang berlaku.
Apabila di kemuduan hari terbukti atau dapat dibuktikan bahwa dalam Proyek Akhir
Arsitektur tahap Landasan Teori dan Program ini terkandung ciri-ciri plagiat dan
bentuk-bentuk peniruan lain yang dianggap melanggar peraturan, maka saya
bersedia menerima sanksi atas perbuatan tersebut.
Semarang, September 2017
Yang membuat pernyataan
Siti Maesaroh
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PRAKATA
Puji dan syukur kepada Allah SWT atas berkat dan rahmat-Nya, sehingga
penulis dapat melaksanakan Proyek Akhir Arsitektur (PAA) tahap Landasan Teori dan
Program (LTP) pada periode LXXII ini, dengan judul Semarang Creative Center.
Landasan Teori dan Program ini merupakan salah satu tahap dari Proyek Akhir
Arsitektur yang harus dilewati untuk melangkah pada tahap desain. Melalui judul ini
semoga dapat memberikan manfaat dari kemajuan Indonesia
Pada kesempatan ini, penulis ingin mengucapkan terima kasih atas dukungan
dari berbagai pihak yang telah membantu dalam proses penyusunan LTP kepada:
1. Dra. B. Tyas Susanti, MA. Ph. D. , selaku Dekan Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain
Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata.
2. MD. Nestri Kiswari, ST MSc. , selaku Ketua Program Studi Arsitektur
Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata
3. Ir. FX. Bambang Suskiyatno, MT. Selaku Dosen Koordinator Proyek Akhir
Arsitektur 71,
4. Ir. Supriyono, MT selaku Dosen Pembimbing Proyek Akhir Arsitektur 72 yang
selalu memberikan bimbingan dan masukan yang bermanfaat sehingga penulis
dapat menyelesaikan tahap LTP ini.
5. Seluruh dosen dan teman-teman seperjuangan di fakultas arsitek Fakultas
Arsitektur dan Desain Unika Soegijapranata yang telah memberikan dukungan,
ilmu, dan pengetahuan demi kelancaran Proyek Akhir Arsitektur
6. Bapak dan ibu yang senantiasa memberi dukungan dan doa
7. Teman-teman dan semua pihak yang telah memberikan dukungan dan doa
untuk penulis seingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan tahap LTP ini dengan baik.
Penulis menyadari bahwa dalam penulisan LTP ini masih terdapat kekurangan.
Penulis berharap LTP ini dapat bermanfaat bagi pembaca. Akhir kata penulis
mengucapkan terimakasih.
Semarang, September 2017
Penulis,
Siti Maesaroh
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DAFTAR ISI
halaman Pengesahan ................................................................................................. i
Halaman Pengesahan .................................................................................................ii
Penyataan Keaslian ................................................................................................... iii
Prakata ....................................................................................................................... iv
Daftar Isi ..................................................................................................................... v
Daftar Gambar ........................................................................................................... x
Daftar Tabel ............................................................................................................. xiii
Daftar Diagram .......................................................................................................... xv
Bab 1 .......................................................................................................................... 1
Pendahuluan .............................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Latar Belakang .......................................................................................... 1
1.1.1 Gagasan Awal ................................................................................. 1
1.1.2 Alasan Dan Motivasi Pemilihan Proyek ........................................... 5
1.2 Tujuan Dan Manfaat .................................................................................. 7
1.2.1 Tujuan ............................................................................................. 7
1.2.2 Manfaat ........................................................................................... 8
1.3 Lingkup Pembahasan ................................................................................ 8
1.4 Metode Pembahasan ................................................................................ 9
1.4.1 Metoda Pengumpulan Data ............................................................. 9
1.4.2 Metoda Penyusunan Dan Analisa ................................................. 10
1.4.3 Metoda Perancagan Arsitektur ...................................................... 11
1.5 Sistematika Pembahasan ........................................................................ 11
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Bab 2 ........................................................................................................................ 13
Tinjauan Proyek ....................................................................................................... 13
2.1 Tinjauan Umum ....................................................................................... 13
2.1.1 Gambaran Umum .......................................................................... 13
2.1.2 Latar Belakang – Perkembangan – Trend ..................................... 14
2.1.2.1. Latar Belakang ............................................................................... 14
2.1.2.2. Perkembangan ............................................................................... 15
2.1.2.3. Trend .............................................................................................. 16
2.1.3 Sasaran Yang Akan Dicapai ......................................................... 16
2.2 Tinjauan Khusus ...................................................................................... 16
2.2.1 Terminologi .................................................................................... 16
2.2.2 Kegiatan (Pelaku, Fasilitas, Peralatan / Prasarana) ...................... 19
2.2.2.1 Gambaran Kegiatan ....................................................................... 19
2.2.2.2 Pelaku ............................................................................................ 21
2.2.2.3 Fasilitas .......................................................................................... 25
2.2.2.4 Sarana ........................................................................................... 29
2.2.3 Spesifikasi Dan Persyaratan Desain ............................................. 32
2.2.4 Deskripsi Konteks Kota ................................................................. 34
2.2.4.1 Lokasi ............................................................................................. 34
2.2.4.2 Urgensi Projek Di Semarang .......................................................... 36
2.2.4.3 Urban Issue .................................................................................... 36
2.2.5 Studi Banding / Komparasi Kasus Proyek Sejenis ........................ 37
2.2.6 Permasalahan Desain ................................................................... 45
2.3 Kesimpulan, Batasan Dan Anggapan ...................................................... 46
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2.3.1 Kesimpulan.................................................................................... 46
2.3.2 Batasan ......................................................................................... 47
2.3.3 Anggapan ...................................................................................... 48
Bab 3 ........................................................................................................................ 49
Analisa Pendekatan Program Arsitektur ................................................................... 49
3.1 Analisa Pendekatan Arsitektur ................................................................ 49
3.1.1 Studi Aktivitas ................................................................................ 49
3.1.1.1 Pengelompokan Kegiatan .............................................................. 49
3.1.1.2 Pola Aktivitas ................................................................................. 54
3.1.1.3 Waktu Operasional Bangunan ....................................................... 55
3.1.1.4 Pendekatan Kebutuhan Ruang ...................................................... 56
3.1.1.5 Persyaratan Ruang ........................................................................ 60
3.1.1.6 Pola Sirkulasi Ruang ...................................................................... 63
3.1.2 Studi Fasilitas (Kebutuhan Ruang) ................................................ 67
3.1.2.1 Studi Penggunaan Ruang .............................................................. 67
3.1.2.2 Pendekatan Jumlah Pelaku ........................................................... 68
3.1.3 Studi Ruang Khusus ...................................................................... 71
3.1.4 Studi Luas Bangunan Dan Lahan Parkir ....................................... 85
3.1.5 Studi Citra Arsitektural ................................................................... 96
3.2 Analisa Pendekatan Sistem Bangunan ................................................... 97
3.2.1 Studi Sistem Struktur & Enclosure ................................................ 97
3.2.2 Studi Sistem Utilitas .................................................................... 106
3.2.3 Sistem Elektrikal .......................................................................... 108
3.2.4 Sistem Keamanan ....................................................................... 108
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3.3 Analisa Konteks Lingkungan ................................................................. 109
3.3.1 Analisa Pemilihan Lokasi ............................................................ 109
3.3.2 Analisa Pemilihan Tapak ............................................................. 112
3.3.2.1 Studi Luas Tapak ......................................................................... 112
3.3.2.2 Alternatif Tapak ............................................................................ 112
Bab 4 ...................................................................................................................... 117
Program Arsitektur ................................................................................................. 117
4.1 Konsep Program ................................................................................... 117
4.1.1 Aspek Citra .................................................................................. 117
4.1.2 Aspek Fungsi ............................................................................... 118
4.1.3 Aspek Teknologi .......................................................................... 119
4.2 Tujuan Perancangan, Faktor Penentu Perancangan, Faktor Persyaratan
Perancangan ...................................................................................................... 119
4.2.1 Tujuan Perancangan (Design Objective) ..................................... 119
4.2.2 Faktor Penentu Perancangan (Design Determinant) ................... 120
4.2.3 Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan (Design Requirement) ............ 121
4.3 Program Arsitektur ................................................................................ 123
4.3.1 Program Kegiatan ....................................................................... 123
4.3.2 Program Besaran Ruang Dan Kebutuhan Luas Tapak ............... 128
4.3.3 Program Sistem Struktur ............................................................. 129
4.3.4 Program Sistem Utilitas ............................................................... 130
4.3.5 Program Lokasi Dan Tapak ......................................................... 132
Bab 5 ...................................................................................................................... 134
Kajian Teori ............................................................................................................ 134
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5.1 Kajian Teori Penekanan Desain ............................................................ 134
5.1.1 Interpretasi Dan Elaborasi Tema Desain ..................................... 135
5.1.2 Studi Preseden ............................................................................ 140
5.1.3 Kemungkinan Implementasi ........................................................ 141
5.2 Kajian Teori Permasalahan Dominan .................................................... 141
5.2.1 Uraian Interpretasi Dan Elaborasi Teori Permasalahan Dominan 142
5.2.2 Studi Preseden ............................................................................ 142
5.2.3 Kemungkinan Penerapan Teori Permasalahan Dominan ........... 143
Kepustakaan .......................................................................................................... 144
Lampiran ................................................................................................................ 145
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Peta kota Semarang ............................................................................. 34
Gambar 2.2 Entrance Jakarta Creative Hub ............................................................ 37
Gambar 2.3 Plakat Peresmian Jakarta Creative Hub oleh Basuki Tjahja Purnama
selaku Gubernur DKI Jakarta ................................................................................... 38
Gambar 2.4 Foto Class Room JCH .......................................................................... 38
Gambar 2.5 Foto Maker space JCH ......................................................................... 38
Gambar 2.6 Foto 3D printing .................................................................................... 38
Gambar 2.7 Foto Area Komputer ............................................................................. 39
Gambar 2.8 Foto Area Metal Cutting........................................................................ 39
Gambar 2.9 Foto Area Jahit ..................................................................................... 39
................................................................................................................................. 39
Gambar 2.10 Foto Area Seminar JCH ..................................................................... 39
................................................................................................................................. 39
Gambar 2.11 Foto ruang workshop JCH .................................................................. 39
Gambar 2.12 Foto working space JCH .................................................................... 40
Gambar 2.13 Foto coffee shop ................................................................................. 40
Gambar 2.14 Foto Area informasi ............................................................................ 40
................................................................................................................................. 40
Gambar 2.15 Foto area registrasi ............................................................................ 40
Gambar 2.16 Foto Ruang Motivasi........................................................................... 40
Gambar 2.17 Foto area pamer ................................................................................. 41
Gambar 2.18 Foto perpustakaan mini ...................................................................... 41
Gambar 2.9 Foto Bandung Creative Hub ................................................................. 42
Gambar 3.1 Studi Ruang Khusus Working Space ................................................... 71
Gambar 3.2 Studi Ruang Khusus Exhibition ............................................................ 72
Gambar 3.3 Studi Ruang Khusus Co - Office ........................................................... 73
Gambar 3.4 Studi Ruang Khusus Maker Space ....................................................... 74
Gambar 3.5 Studi Ruang Khusus Class Room A (kiri) & Class Room B (kanan) ..... 76
Gambar 3.6 Studi Ruang Khusus Meeting Room A (kiri) & Meeting Room B (kanan)
................................................................................................................................. 77
Gambar 3.7a Studi Ruang Khusus Studio Maket ..................................................... 78
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Gambar 3.7b Studi Ruang Khusus Studio Craft ....................................................... 79
Gambar 3.8 Studi Ruang Khusus Studio Fashion .................................................... 80
Gambar 3.9 Studi Ruang Khusus Studio Foto ......................................................... 81
Gambar 3.10 Studi Ruang Khusus Ruang Motivasi ................................................. 82
Gambar 3.11 Studi Ruang Khusus Mushola ............................................................ 83
Gambar 3.12 Studi Ruang Khusus Perpustakaan .................................................... 84
Gambar 3.13 Pondasi Foot Plat ............................................................................... 98
Gambar 3.14 Pondasi Rakit ..................................................................................... 99
Gambar 3.15 Pondasi Sumuran ............................................................................... 99
Gambar 3.16 Pondasi penahan tanah (Retaining Wall) ......................................... 100
Gambar 3.17 Rangka Beton ................................................................................... 100
Gambar 3.18 Pelat Beton Bertulang ...................................................................... 101
Gambar 3.19 Dinding bata ringan .......................................................................... 101
Gambar 3.20 Dinding pre cast ............................................................................... 101
Gambar 3.21 Dinding Partisi Gypsumboard ........................................................... 102
Gambar 3.22 Curtain wall - ACP (Alumunium Composiste Panel) ......................... 102
Gambar 3.23 Curtain wall - rangka besi / alumunium dan kaca tempered ............. 103
Gambar 3.24 Metal Cutting .................................................................................... 103
Gambar 3.25 Keramik ............................................................................................ 103
Gambar 3.26 Marmer ............................................................................................. 104
Gambar 3.27 Karpet ............................................................................................... 104
Gambar 3.28 Parket Kayu ...................................................................................... 104
Gambar 3.29 Atap Beton ........................................................................................ 104
Gambar 3.30 Bitumen ............................................................................................ 105
Gambar 3.31 Roof Garden ..................................................................................... 105
Gambar 3.32 Kantilever / overhang ...................................................................... 105
Gambar 3.33 perangkat pemadam kebakaran ...................................................... 109
Gambar 3.34 Alternatif Tapak 1 ............................................................................ 113
Gambar 3.35 Alternatif Tapak 2 ............................................................................ 114
Gambar 4.1 Grass Block ........................................................................................ 133
Gambar 4.2 Pohon Trembesi ................................................................................. 133
Gambar 4.3 Pohon Cemara Lilin ............................................................................ 133
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Gambar 5.2 Lantai acian ........................................................................................ 136
............................................................................................................................... 136
Gambar 5.3 Furnitur kayu ...................................................................................... 136
Gambar 5.4 Ekspos utilitas .................................................................................... 136
Gambar 5.5 Dinding ekspos bata ........................................................................... 137
Gambar 5.6 Ruang worksop .................................................................................. 137
Gambar 5.7 Ornamen garis .................................................................................... 137
Gambar 5.8 Ruang tunggu dengan konsep playful ................................................ 138
Gambar 5.9 Ruang tunggu dengan tembok mural ................................................. 138
Gambar 5.11 sirnage playfull untuk sirkulasi .......................................................... 138
Gambar 5.10 Signage konsep playful .................................................................... 138
Gambar 5.12 interior JCH ...................................................................................... 140
Gambar 5.13 interior JCH ...................................................................................... 140
Gambar 5.14 kids hair salon in new york ............................................................... 142
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1. Tabel pengelompokan fasilitas ................................................................ 26
Tabel 2.2 Tabel fasilitas dan prasarana ................................................................... 29
Tabel 2.3 Tabel Sarana Khusus Studio dan Maker Space ....................................... 32
Tabel 2.4 Fasilitas ruang di Jakarta Creative Hub .................................................... 41
Tabel 2.5 Tabel perbandingan kalangan pengguna dan karakteristik JCH dan BCH
................................................................................................................................. 45
Tabel 3.1 Tabel Pengelompokan Kegiatan Utama ................................................... 50
Tabel 3.2 Tabel Pengelompokan Kegiatan Penunjang ............................................ 51
Tabel 3.3 Tabel Pengelompokan Kegiatan Pengelolaan.......................................... 53
Tabel 3.4 Tabel Pengelompokan Kegiatan Pelayanan Publik .................................. 54
Tabel 8 Tabel Waktu operasional bangunan ............................................................ 55
Tabel 3.5 Tabel Waktu Operasional Bangunan ........................................................ 56
Tabel 3.6 Tabel Analisa Kebutuhan Ruang .............................................................. 58
Tabel 3.7 Tabel Kebutuhan Ruang .......................................................................... 59
Tabel 3.8 Tabel Analisa Persyaratan Ruang ............................................................ 62
Tabel 3.9 Tabel Analisa penggunaan ruang ............................................................. 67
Tabel 3.10 Tabel Analisa Jumlah Pengelola ............................................................ 68
Tabel 3.11 Tabel Analisa Jumlah Total Penghuni Creative Center .......................... 70
Tabel 3.12 Tabel Analisa Besaran Ruang Creative Center ...................................... 94
Tabel 3.13 Tabel Data dan Analisa Pondasi Foot Plat ............................................. 99
Tabel 3.14 Tabel Data dan Analisa Pondasi Rakit ................................................... 99
Tabel 3.15 Tabel Data dan Analisa Pondasi Sumuran ........................................... 100
Tabel 3.16 Tabel Data dan Analisa Pondasi penahan tanah (Retaining Wall) ....... 100
Tabel 3.17 Tabel Data dan Analisa Struktur Rangka Beton ................................... 100
Tabel 3.18 Tabel Data dan Analisa Pelat Beton Bertulang .................................... 101
Tabel 3.19 Tabel Data dan Analisa Dinding Bata Ringan ...................................... 101
Tabel 3.20 Tabel Data dan Analisa Dinding Pre Cast ............................................ 102
Tabel 3.21 Tabel Data dan Analisa Dinding Partisi Gypsumboard ......................... 102
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Tabel 3.22 Tabel Data dan Analisa Curtain wall - ACP (Alumunium Composiste Panel)
............................................................................................................................... 102
Sumber: Analisa Pribadi ......................................................................................... 102
Tabel 3.23 Tabel Data dan Analisa Curtain wall - rangka besi / alumunium dan kaca
tempered ................................................................................................................ 103
Sumber: Analisa Pribadi ......................................................................................... 103
Tabel 3.24 Tabel Data dan Analisa Metal Cutting .................................................. 103
Sumber: Analisa Pribadi ......................................................................................... 103
Tabel 3.25 Tabel Data dan Analisa Penutup Lanai ................................................ 104
Sumber: Analisa Pribadi ......................................................................................... 104
Tabel 3.26 Tabel Data dan Analisa Atap Beton ..................................................... 104
Sumber: Analisa Pribadi ......................................................................................... 104
Tabel 3.27 Tabel Data dan Analisa Bitumen .......................................................... 105
Sumber: Analisa Pribadi ......................................................................................... 105
Tabel 3.28 Tabel Data dan Analisa Roof Garden ................................................... 105
Sumber: Analisa Pribadi ......................................................................................... 105
Tabel 3.29 Tabel Data dan Analisa Kantilever / overhang ..................................... 105
Sumber: Analisa Pribadi ......................................................................................... 105
Tabel 3.30 Tabel studi sistem penghawaan ........................................................... 106
Tabel 3.31 Tabel studi sistem pencahayaan .......................................................... 107
Tabel 3.32 Tabel analisa pemilihan lokasi kecamatan ........................................... 111
Tabel 3.33 Tabel analisa kriteria pemilihan lokasi .................................................. 112
Tabel 3.34 Tabel Kriteria Pemilihan Tapak ............................................................ 116
Tabel 4.1 Tabel Pengelompokan Kegiatan Utama ................................................. 125
Tabel 4.2 Tabel Pengelompokan Kegiatan Penunjang .......................................... 125
Tabel 4.3 Tabel Pengelompokan Kegiatan Pengelolaan........................................ 127
Tabel 4.4 Tabel Pengelompokan Kegiatan Pelayanan Publik ................................ 128
Tabel 4.5 Tabel Program Sistem Struktur dan Enclosure Bangunan ..................... 130
Tabel 4.6 Tabel Program Sistem Utilitas ................................................................ 132
Tabel 5.1 Elemen dasar desain industrial .............................................................. 137
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DAFTAR DIAGRAM
Diagram 1.Skema Metoda Perancangan arsitektur .................................................. 11
Diagram 2.1 Struktur Organisasi Pengelola Creative Center ............................... 24
Bagan 3.1 Pola aktivitas pergi .................................................................................. 54
Bagan 3.2 Pola aktivitas pergi .................................................................................. 54
Bagan 3.3 Pola aktivitas pengelola .......................................................................... 54
Bagan 3.4 Pola aktivitas pengunjung ....................................................................... 55
Bagan 3.5 Pola sirkulasi aktivitas utama .................................................................. 63
Bagan 3.6 Pola sirkulasi aktivitas penunjang ........................................................... 64
Bagan 3.7 Pola sirkulasi aktivitas pengelola ............................................................ 65
Bagan 3.8 Pola sirkulasi aktivitas servis ................................................................... 66
Bagan 5.1 Kerangka pemikiran penekanan tema dan konsep desain ................... 134