Prof. Dr. dr. Yuwono, M. Biomed- Bacil Gram Positif (Bacillaceae)

7/17/2019 Prof. Dr. dr. Yuwono, M. Biomed- Bacil Gram Positif (Bacillaceae)

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BACILLACEAE

YUWONO, MD


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1872, Ferdinand Cohn murid Robert Koch menemukan Bacillus subtilis

Genus Bacillus,family Bacillaceae

Ciri khas famili ini endospora

Ciri genus Gram!"ositif, batang, aerobik atau fakultatif, membentuk endos"ora

#bi$uitous in nature

%ndos"ora resisten &at kimia dan fisik'iklus "embentukan endos"ora

(rodusen antibiotik

'"ora dan kristal "roteinnya toksik untuk bebera"a serangga

(atogen Bacillus anthracis


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Bacillus coagulans

Great di)ersity in "hysiology

*endegradasi ham"ir semua substrat tumbuhan dan he+an termasuk selulosa,

starch, "ectin, "rotein, agar, hidrokarbon

(roduksi antibiotik

itrifikasi, denitrifikasi, fiksasi nitrogen, facultati)e lithotro"hy- autotro"hy-

acido"hily- alkali"hily- "sychro"hily- thermo"hily dan "arasitism.

'"ora meru"akan strategi bertahan di tanah dimana banyak sekali bakteri. '"ora/uga da"at ditemukan di udara


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Nutrisi dan Pertumbuhan0am"ir semua acillus )ersatile

chemoheterotro"hs yaitu mam"u

res"irasi menggunakan berbagai

sim"le organic com"ounds sugars,amino acids, organic acids3."ada bebera"a kasus kadang

memfermentasi karbohidrat

mem"roduksi glycerol dan

butanediol.acillus megaterium memerlukan

non organic gro+th factors*ayoritas mesofil o"timum 45!

6C,ta"i ada /uga yang termofilik

"ada 9C

Mucoid-type colonies of an

encapsulated Bacillus species

Generation time di laboratorium 2 menit

acillus mudah diisolasi. :eknik sederhana dengan "asteuri&e a diluted soil

sam"le "ada 85C 1 menit "late "ada nutrient agar dan inkubasi 47C 26

/am!bebera"a hari. 'etelah 26 /am ada koloni basilus yang khas catalase!

"ositi)e, Gram!"ositi)e, endos"ore!forming rods


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Sura!e Stru!ture o Ba!i""us

'e"erti "ermuakaan Gram!"ositif lainnya kom"leks berhubungan dengan adherence,

resistance dan tactical res"onses

;egetati)e cell surface terdiri dari ca"sule, "roteinaceous surface layer '!layer3,

se)eral layers of "e"tidoglycan sheeting dan "rotein "ada outer surface membran

"lasma

Surface of a Bacillus. Transmission E.M.C=Capsule; S=S-layer; P=Peptidoglycan

'!layers Crystalline "rotein atau glyco"rotein subunit yang disebut '!layers, fungsi

belum diketahui


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#apsu"B. anthracis, B. subtilis, B. megaterium danB. licheniformis: poly-D- or L-glutamic acid.

B. circulans, B. megaterium, B. mycoides danB. pumilus: karbohidrat.

(olisakarida bebera"aBacillus bereaksi silang dengan genus "atogen lain se"ertiB.mycoides dengan Streptococcus pneumoniae type III; B. pumilus denganNeisseria

meningitidis group ; B.al!eli dengan "aemophilus influen#ae type B.

=i ba+ah :%* bebera"a ka"sul "oli"e"tida dan "olisakarida tam"ak fibriler. Ka"sul

mudah dilihat dengan mikrosko" cahaya. *edia berka"sul bersifat mukoid atauslimy

colony

Ka"sul Bacillus anthracis $ stain kiri3,negati!e stain %india in&' kanan3


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Ce"" Wa""s:idak ber)ariasi se"erti "ada Gram!"ositif umumnya. =inding sel )egetatif

terbuat darimeso-diaminopimelic acid %D(' kecuali "adaB. sphaericus, B.

pasteurii danB. globisporus dari lysine

$"a%e""a

*ayoritas Bacillus motil yaitu memilikiperitrichous flagella& Flagel teta" stabil

hingga "0 11.

>ndi)idual cells of motile acillus s"ecies "hotogra"hed on nutrient agar, 1,555?

. B. subtilis; B. B. polymy)a; *. B. laterosporis; D. B. al!eli.


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Perbedaan endospora dan se" 'e%etati Bacillus species

Property Vegetative cells Endospores

Surface coats

Typical Gram-positivemurein cell wallpolymer; crystalline S-layer

Thick spore coat, cortex, andunique peptidoglycan corewall; no S-layer

Microscopic appearance onrefractile !efractile

"alcium dipicolinic acid #$sent %resent in core

"ytoplasmic water activity &igh 'ery low

(n)ymatic activity %resent #$sent

Macromolecular synthesis %resent #$sent

&eat resistance *ow &igh

!esistance to chemicals andacids

*ow &igh

!adiation resistance *ow &igh

Sensitivity to lyso)ymeSome sensitive; someresistant

!esistant

Sensitivity to dyes andstaining

Sensitive !esistant


9/48$ormasi Spora


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(eneti):ransforamsi "ada Bacillus subtilisditemukan "ada1@8

Generali&ed and s"eciali&ed transduction /uga ter/adi "ada B. subtilisGenes affecting s"orulation B. subtilisacterio"hages memediasi generali&ed transduction "ada B subtilis, B. cereus,

B. megaterium, B. thuringiensis, B. anthracis dan B. stearothermophilus.Con/ugati)e "lasmids fertility "lasmids ca"able of bringing about their o+n

transfer from one bacterium to another3 /uga ter/adi "ada bebra"a s"esies

>nsecticidal delta toAin crystal "rotein . thuringiensis dikode "ada large"lasmids. (lasmid ini da"at ditransfer antar s"esies. 'elain itu terbukti "ula

bah+atransmissible "lasmids of acillus, a con/ugati)e trans"oson :n@23

berasal dari %nterococcus faecalis ke . subtilis.

E)o"o%i%ndos"ora resisten terhada" stres lingkungan. (rimary habitat of the aerobicendos"ore!forming bacilli is the soil. Russian microbiologist Binogradsky

menyebutnya normal flora of the soil.


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E!oph*sio"o%i!a" %roupscidop!iles" B. acidocaldarius, B. coagulans dan B. polymy#a.

l$alip!iles" B. al$alop!ilus dan B. pasteurii. %ptimum p& ' - ((

&alop!iles" B. pantot!enticus, B. pasteurii, beberapa ta!an () * +aClPsyc!rop!iles atau psyc!rotrop!s" B. globisporus, B. insolitus, B. marinus,

B. macuariensis, B. megaterium, B. polymy#a, tumbu! pada )C

T!ermop!iles" B. acidocaldarius, B. sc!legelii dan B. stearot!ermop!ilus,

cidop!iles dan it!oautotrop!s pada $elompo$ ini ta!an !ingga /C.

0enitrifiers" B. a1otoformans, B. cereus, B. laterosporus, B. lic!eniformis, B.

pasteurii, B. stearot!ermop!ilus 2reduce +%3 to +%45.+itrogen-fi#ers" B. macerans and B. polymy#a. B. macerans in soil and in

decaying 6egetable material.


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(athogens of >nsectsB. lar!ae, B. lentimorbis, and B. popilliae are in!asi!e

pathogens. B. thuringiensis forms a "aras"oral crystal that is toAic toLepidoptera.

B. lar!ae, B. lentimorbis and B. popilliae are a related cluster ofBacillus species,

being insect "athogens, +ith s+ollen s"orangia, and ty"ically catalase!negati)e.

(athogens of DnimalsB. anthracis, and B. cereus. B. al!ei, B. megaterium, B.

coagulans, B. laterosporus, B. subtilis, B. sphaericus, B. circulans, B. bre!is, B.

licheniformis, B. macerans, B. pumilus, andB. thuringiensis ha)e been isolated

from human infections.


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acillus

Classification


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acillus

< GE +ith s$uare cut ends

< Forms endos"ores

< on!motile

n either ty"e, the illness usually lasts less than 26 hours after

onset.

:he short!incubation form is caused by a "reformed heat!stable enterotoAin.

:he mechanism and site of action of this toAin are unkno+n. :he long!incubation form is mediated by a heat!labile enterotoAin +hich acti)ates

intestinal adenylate cyclase and causes intestinal fluid secretion.


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Bacillus subtilis dan spesies "ain=itemukan di lingkungan

(atogen o"ortunistik


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GRD* ('>:>;% D:DG '(RD

CASE


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CASE

:he "atient +as a 2,15 gram female neonate

orn at 42 +eeks gestation. 'he had "oor )ital signs and she +as

intubated at birth because of "oor res"iratory effort.

:he mother "resented at the time of deli)ery +ith com"laints of lo+er

abdominal "ains +ith a tem"erature of 4@oC and a +hite blood cell

count of 2,555Lmm

4

.:he mother +as gi)en am"icillin at the time of deli)ery. 'he

reco)ered.

lood cultures +ere taken from the infant soon after birth. :hese

gre+ Gram!"ositi)e coccobacilli that "roduced beta hemolysis onshee" blood agar.

Humbar "unctures +ere attem"ted, but they +ere too traumatic and

non!re)ealing.


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isteria monocytogenesGram positif, batang pendek bulat (kokobasiler)

Fakultatif anaerob, b-hemolytic on sheep blood agarTumbuh pada suhu 4C !atalase positifCommonly associated "ith dairy products

/hemo"*sis


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(e+a"a )"inis *eningoence"halitis *ost common in neonates Ho+ grade se"ticemia during "regnancy Granulomatosis infantise"tica!intrauterine

%arly onset syndrome! before deli)ery characteri&ed by se"ticemia, disseminated abscesses and granulomas

Hate onset syndrome! meningitis 2!4 +eeks after birth

*#': % differentiated from Grou" 'tre"tococcal

meningitis3


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acillus

Dntibiotic susce"tibility and treatment< (enicillin or tetracycline


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acillus

< B. cereusis also an o""ortunistic "athogen that

has been cultured from cases of se"ticemia,

endocarditis, meningitis, +ound infections,

"neumonia, and fulminant eye infections- in addition

to the enterotoAin that bacteria may "roduce, adermonecrotic and a lethal toAin, hemolysins,

lecithinase, "roteases, and nucleases may be

in)ol)ed in its "athogenesis- clindamycin +ith or

+ithout gentamycin may be used for treatmentinfections


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Basil gram 2:5 berspora

.eroba.Bacillus cereus

b.B.subtilis

c.B.ant!racis

.naerob

a.Clostridium tetani

b.Cl.perfringens 27elc!ii5 c.Cl.botulinum

d.Cl.difficile


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Bacillus ant!racis

Menyebab$an peny.ant!ra# 21oonosis5.

nfe$si ter8adi pd manusia melalui spora.

(.$ulit " berupa papula6esi$ula pustula maligna

ul$us ne$roti$. $alau men8alar $eseluru! tubu! septi$emia.

4.gasterointestinal "melalui ma$anan 2daging !e7an5

3.pneumonia.per in!alasi paru paru

secara alamia! " 7ool


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Sifat sifat B.ant!racis

batang besar,u8ung persegi,( # 3-> um, tersusun spt rantai

pan8ang 2mirip bambu5 ? berspora sentral- nonmotil.

Pembia$an "$oloni bulat,transparan,!emolisis2-5,mencair$an

gelatin.

@apsul terdiri dari asam glutamat, sedang$an badan berupa

protein dan polisa$arida.

Meng!asil$an to$sin "

(. protein

4. Aa$tor edema

3. Aa$tor let!al


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0iagnosis laboratorium

(. Ba!an pemeri$saan " pus, dara!,sputum, 8r biopsi

4. Pengecatan " basil gram 2:5,bentu$ rantai.3. Pembia$an pd agar dara!.

>. Tes scoli " terbentu$ cincin presipitat apabila serum

imun : e$stra$ 8aringan terinfe$si.

Terapi " penisilinPencega!an " 6a$sin ant!ra#

Epidemiologi " spora tana! !e7an 2domba5 manusia


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@ontrol "

(. Bang$ai !e7an diba$ar.

4. Produ$ tercemar di auto$laf3. una$an sarung tangan,mas$er,ba8u

pelindung, goggle, dll.

>. a$sinasi !e7an terna$.


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Clostridium tetani

0i8umpai di seluru! dunia " tana!,$otoran !e7an,dll.

Basil gr2:5, anaerob, spora terminal2:5, motil.Meng!asil$an e$soto$sin yg be$er8a pd C+S.

spasme ,!iperrefle$si, $e8ang o$ tetanospasmin.

@uman tida$ in6asif " masu$ melalui lu$a yg dalamD$otor.2bayi "umbili$us, lu$a tusu$, lubang gigi, dll.5

Spora 6egetatif e$soto$sin $e a#onDdara! C+S.

e8ala " trismus 2loc$8a75,risus sardonicus.

Pencega!an " 0PT,TS profila$sis,booster TT.

Pengobatan " 7ound cleansing,penisilin,TS TT.


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Pemeri$saan laboratorium

Spesimen " pus ,dibia$$an pd anaerobic 8ar .

Tampa$ $oloni $ecil spt 8ala !alus ber8alinan.Pada media cair 2c!opped coo$ed meat5 " tumbu! pada

dasar tabung.

Pemeri$saan lab 8arang diminta F

@alau secara $linis 2:5 ge8ala tetanus "

Bayi " tetanus neonatorum, orang de7asa 2lu$a $otor5

langsung MGS terapi .


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Clostridium botulinum

Penyebaran di seluru! dunia 2tana!,$otoran !e7an5

Meng!asil$an 9 8enis to$sin, sDd .

, B, dan E " peny.pd.manusia 2$eracunan ma$anan5

C " limber nec$ 2unggas5

0 " botulismus pd peterna$.

Penya$it timbul pasca meng$onsumsi ma$anan yang

dia7et$an " $alengan, ma$anan yg diasap,di6a$um.

Pd bayi " madu sids 2sudden infant deat! syndrome5


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To$sin rusa$ 8i$a dipanas$an ())H C D 4) menit

e8ala penya$it "

('-I 8am pasca ma$an ma$anan yg tercemar

flaccid paralysis berupa gangguan pengli!atan,ta$ dpt menelan, $esulitan bicara, paralisis bulbar

progresif, tanpa demam.

@ematian a$ibat paralisis otot pernafasan dan

8antung.


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Clostridium perfringens

Spora masu$ melalui lu$a dalamD$otor 2fra$tur terbu$a5

Menyebab$an gas gangrene 2clostridial myonecrosis5

o$ alfa to$sin 2lecit!inase5 yg meng!idrolisis membran sel.

e8ala " nyeri !ebat, men8alar pembentu$an gas pd

8r.sub$utan otot .@alau diraba ber $repitasi.

Terapi " o$sigen !iperbari$ dan amputasi.


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Clostridium difficile

Menyebab$an $olitis pseudomembranosaterutama pd ana$.

0iare t! clindamycin flora normal mati

Ber$embang Cl.diff to$sin $olitis psdapat bera$ibat fatal.

Terapi " 6ancomycin

ab " mencari e$soto$sin dr tin8a pasien.


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:0DK M#

Prof. Dr. dr. Yuwono, M. Biomed- Bacil Gram Positif (Bacillaceae)

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