PENGARUH PRAKTEK KEWIRAUSAHAAN DAN KREATIVITAS …eprints.ums.ac.id/69282/11/HALAMAN DEPAN.pdfmindset; 2) the influence of entrepreneurial skills on the mindset entrepreneur; and 3)

PENGARUH PRAKTEK KEWIRAUSAHAAN DAN

KREATIVITAS WIRAUSAHA TERHADAP MINDSET

WIRAUSAHA PADA MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN AKUNTANSI

FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIAYAH

SURAKARTA ANGKATAN 2015

Skripsi Diajukan untuk Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Pendidikan

pada Program Studi Pendidikan Akuntansi

Diajukan Oleh:

Anisya’u Niswah

A210140054

PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN AKUNTANSI

FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA

November, 2018

ii

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iv

v

MOTTO

الا ها فسا إله وسعا نا لف للاه يكا

“Allah tidak membebani seseorang melainkan sesuai kesanggupannya…”

(Terjemahan Q.S. al Baqarah :286)

‘Angkat layar dengan tangan Anda yang lebih kuat’, artinya Anda harus mengejar

peluang yang muncul dalam kehidupan dengan kemampuan Anda yang paling Anda

kuasai

(Soichiro Honda)

“Cobalah untuk tidak menjadi orang sukses, melainkan mencoba menjadi orang yang

berharga”

(Albert Einstein)

“Tahap tertinggi dalam budaya moral adalah ketika kita menyadari bahwa kita

seharusnya mengendalikan pikiran kita”

(Charles Darwin)

“Modal terbesar dalam hidup yaitu dirimu sendiri, tekat kuat, nekat.lakukan tapi tetap

bermartabat”

vi

HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN

Ungkapan rasa syukur Alhamdulillah saya haturkan kepada Allah SWT atas berkah

rahmat dan karunia-Nya sehingga tugas akhir ini dapat terselasaikan dengan baik dan

lancar. Karya ini saya persembahkan kepada:

1. Orang tua yang sangat saya sayangi, bapak Salamun dan ibu Hari Suprapti.

Trimakasih atas segala do’a, kasih saying, perlindungan, nasehat, dorongan

semangat, dan motivasinya sehingga saya dapat menjadi hingga sekarang ini.

2. Semua saudara yang sangat saya sayangi terima kasihatas dukungan, nasehat, rasa

sayang, dan motivasi yang telah diberikan selama ini.

3. Seluruh dosen pengajar di jurusan Pendidikan Akuntansi Universitas

Muhammadiyah Surakarta terimakasih atas semua ilmu, bimbingan, pengalaman,

dan kebersamaan yang telah diberikan kepada saya.

4. Teman dan sahabat semuanya terimakasih atas kebersamaan, pengalaman, dan

semangat yang telah diberikan.

5. Almamater saya Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta yang kubanggakan dan

telah memberikan kesempatan untuk saya menimba ilmu.

vii

ABSTRAK

Anisya’u Niswah / A210140054. Pengaruh Praktek Kewirausahaan dan

Kreativitas Wirausaha Terhadap Mindset Wirausaha pada Mahasiswa

Pendidikan Akuntansi Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas

Muhammadiayah Surakarta Angkatan 2015. Skripsi.Fakultas Keguruan dan

Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.Oktober 2018.

Tujuan penelitian: 1) pengaruh praktek kewirausahaan terhadap mindset wirausaha;

2) pengaruh ketrampilan wirausaha terhadap mindset wirausaha; dan 3) pengaruh

praktek kewirausahaan dan ketrampilan wirausaha terhadap mindset wirausaha.

Penelian ini menggunakan metode asosiatif kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian ini

adalah mahasiswa Pendidikan Akuntansi FKIP UMS angkatan 2015 dengan jumlah

140 mahasiswa dengan sampel sebanyak 100 mahasiswa. Data diperoleh dengan

angket dan dokumentasi yang diuji coba menggunakan uji validitas dan uji

reliabilitas. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis regrasi berganda, uji t, uji F,

uji R2, sumbangan relatif, dan sumbangan efektif. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah:

1) berdasarkan hasil hasil analisis regresi memperoleh nilai thitung> ttabel yaitu

3,963>2,000 dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000<0,05, artinya secara signifikan ada

pengaruh antara praktek kewirausahaan terhadap mindset wirausaha; 2) berdasarkan

hasil analisis regresi memperoleh nilai thitung> ttabel yaitu 3,022>2,000 dengan nilai

signifikansi 0,003<0,05, artinya secara signifikan ada pengaruh ketrampilan

wirausaha terhadap mindset wirausaha; 3) berdasarkan hasil hasil analisis regresi

memperoleh nilai Fhitung>Ftabel yaitu 39,265>3,15 dengan nilai signifikansi

0,000<0,05, artinya secara signifikan ada pengaruh praktek kewirausahaan dan

ketrampilan wirausaha terhadap mindset wirausaha; 4) koefisien regresi praktek

kewirausahaan sebesar 0,371 dengan sumbangang relatif dan efektif sebesar 59,42%

dan 23,47%, sedangkan koefisien regresi ketrampilan wirausaha sebesar 0,257

dengan sumbangang relatife dan efektif sebesar 40,58% dan 16,03%; 5) hasil

perhitungan R2 diperoleh 0,395, berarti bahwa mindset wirausaha dipengaruhi oleh

praktek kewirausahaan dan kreativitas wirausaha sebesar 39,5%, sisanya 60,5%

dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain.

Kata kunci: kreativitas wirausaha, mindset wirausaha praktek kewirausahaan.

viii

ABSTRACT

Anisya'u Niswah / A210140054. The Influence of Entrepreneurship Practices

and Entrepreneurial Creativity on Entrepreneurial Mindset in Accounting

Education Students in the Teaching and Education Faculty of Surakarta

Muhammadiayah University, Class of 2015. Thesis. Faculty of Teacher Training

and Education at Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta 2018.

October Objective: 1) the influence of entrepreneurial practice on the entrepreneur

mindset; 2) the influence of entrepreneurial skills on the mindset entrepreneur; and

3) the influence of entrepreneurial practices and entrepreneurial skills on the

mindset entrepreneurial. This research uses quantitative associative methods. The

population of this study was the 2015 UMS FKIP Accounting Education students

with 140 students with a sample of 100 students. Data obtained by questionnaire

and documentation were tested using validity test and reliability test. Data analysis

techniques used multiple regression analysis, t test, F test, R2

test, relative

contribution, and effective contribution. The conclusions of this study are: 1) based

on the results of the regression analysis obtained the value of tcount > ttable which is

3.963 > 2,000 with a significance value of 0,000 < 0.05, meaning that there is

significant influence between entrepreneurial practice on the entrepreneur mindset;

2) based on the results of the regression analysis obtained the value of tcount > ttable

which is 3.022 > 2,000 with a significance value of 0.003 < 0.05, meaning that there

is significant influence of entrepreneurial skills on the mindset entrepreneurial; 3)

based on the results of the regression analysis obtained Fcount > Ftable that is 39.265 >

3.15 with a significance value of 0,000 < 0.05, meaning significantly there is the

influence of entrepreneurial practice and entrepreneurial skills on the mindset

entrepreneurial; 4) the regression coefficient of entrepreneurial practice is 0.371

with relative and effective contribution of 59.42% and 23.47%, while the regression

coefficient of entrepreneurial skills is 0.257 with relative and effective contribution

of 40.58% and 16.03%; 5) the calculation of the R2 obtained 0.395, meaning that

the mindset is entrepreneurial influenced by the practice of entrepreneurship and

entrepreneurial creativity at 39.5%, the remaining 60.5% is influenced by other

variables.

Keywords: entrepreneurial creativity, mindset entrepreneurial, entrepreneurial

practice.

ix

KATA PENGANTAR

Assalamualaikum Wr. Wb.

Alhamdulillahirabbil’alamin, puji dan syukur atas kehadirat Allah SWT yang telah

melimpahkan rahmat, hidayah, dan karunia-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyusun dan

menyelsaikan skripsi dengan baik dan lancar serta berjudul “Pengaruh Praktek

Kewirausahaan dan Kreativitas Wirausaha Terhadap Mindset Wirausaha pada

Mahasiswa Pendidikan Akuntansi Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan

Universitas Muhammadiayah Surakarta Angkatan 2015”. Skripsi ini disusun untuk

memenuhi sebagian syarat dalam memperoleh gelar Sarjana Pendidikan S-1 pada

Program Studi Pendidikan Akuntansi Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan

Universutas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.

Penyusunan skripsi ini tidak lepas dari bantuan dan dukungan dari berbagai pihak.

Pada kesempatan kali ini penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada:

1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, S.E., M.Hum., Dekan Fakultas Keguruan dan

Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta yang berkenan

memberikan ijin dalam penyusunan skripsi ini.

2. Prof. Dr. Harsono, SU., Ketua Prodi Studi Pendidikan Akuntansi Fakultas

Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muhammadiya Surakarta yang telah

bersedia membantu dalam perijinan dan kegiatan belajar mengajar.

3. Drs. Sudarto, M.M., Dosen Pembimbing Skripsi yang telah memberikan

semangat, masukan, saran, dan bimbingan selaman menempuk perkuliahan.

4. Dr. Djalal Fuadi, M.M., Dosen Pembimbing Skripsi yang telah memberikan

banyak masukan, saran, dan bimbingan selama proses penyusunan skripsi ini.

5. Segenap dosen Program Studi Pendidikan Akuntansi Fakultas Keguruan dan

Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muhammadiya Surakarta yang telah mendidik dan

memberikan ilmu yang bermanfaat.

x

6. Seluruh mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Akuntansi angkatan 2015

Universitas Muhammadiya Surakarta yang telah bersedia menjadi responden

dalam skripsi ini.

7. Semua pihak yang tidak mungkin penulis sebutkan satu persatu yang telah

membantu dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini.

Semoga semua bantuan dan dukungan yang telah diberikan akan mendapat imbalan

dari Allah SWT. Penulis sangat menyadari bahwa skripsi masih sangat jauh dari kata

sempurna untuk itu saran dan kritik sangan penulis harapkan untuk kesempurnaan

skripsi ini. Semoga skripsi ini dapat bermanfaat bukan hanya bagi penulis sendiri

melainkan juga demi pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan.

Assalamualaikum Wr. Wb.

Surakarta, 02 Oktober 2018

Penulis

xi

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN SAMPUL

HALAMAN JUDUL ············································································· i

HALAMAN PENRNYATAAN ································································ ii

HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING ·············································· iii

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN PENGUJI ····················································· iv

HALAMAN MOTTO ············································································ v

HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN ································································ vi

ABSTRAK ························································································· vii

ABSTRACK ······················································································· viii

KATA PENGANTAR ··········································································· ix

DAFTAR ISI ······················································································ xi

DAFTAR TABEL ················································································ xiv

DAFTAR GAMBAR ············································································· xv

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ·········································································· xvi

BAB I PENDAHULUAN

A. Latar Belakang Masalah ································································ 1

B. Identifikasi Masalah ····································································· 5

C. Pembatasan Masalah ···································································· 5

D. Rumusan Masalah ······································································· 5

xii

E. Tujuan Penelitian ········································································ 6

F. Manfaat Penelitian ······································································· 6

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

A. Kajian Teori ·············································································· 8

1. Praktek Kewirausahaan

a. Pengertian Praktek Kewirausahaan ·········································· 8

b. Karakteristik Kewirausahaan ················································· 9

c. Klasifikasi Kewirausahaan ···················································· 10

d. Faktor-faktor Kewirausahaan ················································· 11

e. Indikator Praktek Kewirausahaan ············································ 13

2. Kreativiras Wirausaha

a. Pengertian Kreativitas ·························································· 14

b. Karakteristik Seseorang yang Kreatif ········································ 15

c. Proses Kreativitas ······························································· 16

d. Faktor Penghambat dan Usaha Meningkatkan Kreativitas ··············· 17

e. Indikator Kreativitas ···························································· 17

3. Mindset Wirausaha

a. Pengertian Mindset Wirausaha ················································ 18

b. Jenis-jenis Mindset ····························································· 20

c. Indikator Mindset Wirausaha ·················································· 21

B. Penelitian Terdahulu ···································································· 21

C. Kerangka Berpikir ······································································· 22

D. Hipotesis ·················································································· 24

BAB III METODE PENELITIAN

A. Jenis dan Desain Penelitian ····························································· 25

B. Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ·························································· 26

C. Populasi, Sampel, dan Sampling ······················································ 27

D. Definisi Operasional Variabel ························································· 29

xiii

E. Teknik dan Instrumen Pengumpulan Data

1. Tehnik Pengumpulan Data ························································· 31

2. Instrument Pengumpulan Data ···················································· 38

F. Teknik Analisis Data

1. Uji prasyarat analisis ································································ 43

2. Uji hipotesis ·········································································· 44

BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN

A. Gambaran Umum Tempat Penelitian

1. Sejarah Singkat Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta ······················ 49

2. Deskripsi Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan ··························· 51

3. Deskripsi Program Studi Pendidikan Akuntansi ······························· 53

B. Deskripsi Data ············································································ 54

C. Hasil Analisis Data

1. Uji Prasyarat Analisis ······························································· 57

2. Uji Hipotesis ········································································· 58

D. Pembahasan ··············································································· 64

E. Keterbatasan penelitian ································································· 67

BAB V PENUTUP

A. Simpulan ················································································· 68

B. Implikasi ·················································································· 69

C. Saran ······················································································ 69

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ··········································································· 71

LAMPIRAN ······················································································· 74

xiv

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 3.1 Tabel Isaac dan Michael ............................................................................ 28

Tabel 3.2 Distribusi Sampling ................................................................................... 29

Tabel 3.3 Kisi-kisi Angket ......................................................................................... 32

Tabel 3.4 Skala Linkert .............................................................................................. 38

Tabel 3.5 Hasil Uji Validasi Angket Try OutPraktek Kewirausaha .......................... 39

Tabel 3.6 Hasil Uji Validasi Angket Try Out Kreativitas Wirausaha ........................ 40

Tabel 3.7 Hasil Uji Validasi Angket Try Out Mindset Wirausaha ............................ 41

Tabel 3.8 Hasil Uji Reliabilitas Angket ..................................................................... 42

Tabel 4.1 Distribusi Frekuensi Variabel Mindset wirausaha ..................................... 55

Tabel 4.2 Distribisi Vrekuensi Variabel Paktek Kewirausahaan ............................... 55

Tabel 4.3 Distribisi Vrekuensi Variabel Paktek Kewirausahaan ............................... 56

Tabel 4.4 Ringkasan Hasil Uji Linieritas ................................................................... 57

Tabel 4.5 Hasil Uji Multikolinearitas ........................................................................ 58

Tabel 4.6 Hasil Analisis Regresi Berganda ............................................................... 59

Tabel 4.7 Hasil Uji Sumbangan Relatif dan Sumbangan Efektif............................... 63

xv

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Kerangka Berfikir ................................................................................... 22

Gambar 3.1 Kurva Kriteria Pengujian ....................................................................... 45

Gambar 3.2 Kurva Pengujian Serempak .................................................................... 46

Gambar 4.1 Kurve Praktek Kewirausahaan ............................................................... 60

Gambar 4.2 Kurve Kreativitas Wirausaha ................................................................. 61

Gambar 4.3 Kurve Praktek Kewirausahaan dan Kreativitas Wirausaha .................... 62

xvi

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1 Angket Try Out ································································· 75

Lampiran 2 Angket Penelitian ····························································· 80

Lampiran 3 Daftar Nama Responden Try Out ············································ 85

Lampiran 4 Skor Hasil Try Out Variabel Praktek Kewirausahaan ···················· 86

Lampiran 5 Hasil Uji Validitas ····························································· 90

Lampiran 6 Hasil Uji Reabilitas ···························································· 94

Lampiran 7 Daftar Nama Responden Penelitian ········································· 95

Lampiran 8 Skor Hasil Penelitian ·························································· 98

Lampiran 9 Diskripsi Data Penelitian ······················································ 107

Lampiran 10 Uji Normalitas ································································ 116

Lampiran 11 Uji Linearitas ·································································· 117

Lampiran 12 Uji Multikolinearitas ························································· 119

Lampiran 13 Regresi Linier Ganda ························································ 120

Lampiran 14 Data Induk Penelitian ························································ 124

Lampiran 15 Tabel Nilai t ··································································· 128

Lampiran 16 Tabel Nilai F ·································································· 129

Lampiran 17 Tabel r ·········································································· 130