OUTLINE - drn.go.id 2018/19042018-Presentasi FGD... · PANGAN DAN ENERGI : SINERGI VS KOMPETISI I. ISU POKOK PANGAN DAN PERTANIAN III.KEBIJAKAN KETAHANAN PANGAN NASIONAL II. PANGAN

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KEBIJAKAN KETAHANAN PANGAN SESUAI KONSEP FOOD – ENERGY – WATER NEXUS

DI ERA INDUSTRI 4.0

HaryonoKomtek Pangan dan Pertanian

Dewan Riset Nasional

OUTLINE

IV. DISKUSI PANGAN DAN ENERGI : SINERGI VS KOMPETISI

I. ISU POKOK PANGAN DAN PERTANIAN

III. KEBIJAKAN KETAHANAN PANGAN NASIONAL

II. PANGAN DAN ENERGI SEBAGAI SIMPUL FEW NEXUS

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19/04/2018 Dewan Riset Nasional 3

I. ISU POKOK BIDANG PANGAN DAN PERTANIAN

So many people today –and even professional scientists –seem to me like somebody who has seen thousands of trees but has never seen a forest (Einstein)

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FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION INTERNATIONAL AGENDA :

FAO, WFP

Fakta Tahun 2009 : Jumlah penduduk miskin dan kelaparan

mencapai lebih dari 1 milyar

World Summit on Food Security 2009 di Roma, menghasilkan

Lima Prinsip Sustainable Global Food Security

5

FOOD SECURITY AT REGIONAL LEVEL :APEC, ASEAN

Pada October 2013 di Bali, Indonesia,

APEC leaders menyetujui hasil kerja

Policy Partnership on Food Security (PPFS)

Dokumen : 'APEC Food Security Road Map Towards 2020’.

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Libya

It costs as little

as US 25 cents a day

to feed a hungrychild

and change her life

forever.

About 795 million

people, or 1 in 9 of the

world’s population,

go to bedhungry

each night.

Together we are

making progress

in reducing thenumber

of hungry people inthe

world. We can achieve

Zero Hunger in our

lifetimes.

***

Prevalence of undernourishment in the population (percent) in 2014-16

Verylow

<5%

Moderatelylow

5-14,9%

Moderatelyhigh

15-24,9%

High

25-34,9%

Veryhigh

35%and over

Missingor insufficient data

South***

Sudan

State of Palestine

Brunei

Darussalam

Comoros

Seychelles

Hunger Map2015


II. PANGAN DAN ENERGISEBAGAI SIMPUL FEW NEXUS

Sinergi atau Kompetisi ??

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TANTANGAN

BAGAIMANA KITA MAMPU DAN BERHASILMENCAPAI KETAHANAN PANGAN, ENERGI,AIR

. . .

TANPA MERUSAK SDA DAN LINGKUNGAN?


The FAOWater-Energy-Food Nexus

Guiding Policy Making

Competition is growing forresources between water, energy, agriculture, fisheries, livestock, forestry, transport and other sectors, . . .With unpredictable impacts on the environment and livelihoods

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Guiding Policy Making . . continued

Growing bioenergy crops in an irrigated

agriculture scheme, . . . may help improve energy

supply and generate employment opportunities,

. . . but may also result in increased competition

for land water recources

This led FAO to develop the so-called ‘nexus

approach’ to assess links between water, energy

and food



Guiding Policy Making . . continued

This approach requires a cross-sectoral analysis

– what impacts will occur in different sectors?

This informs and guides decision makers, while

enabling them to draw up tailored policies

that strike a balance between different

resource users’ goals and interests, while

maintaining ecosystems integrity.

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Water EnergyLand

Population growthand mobility

Diversifying and changingdiets

ClimateChange

International and regional trade, markets andprices

Industrial development

Technology and innovation

Governance

Dri

vers Cultural and societal

beliefs andbehaviours

Drive

rs

Managing theNexus

Resourcebase

Urbanisation

Scenario DevelopmentData andAnalysis

Response Options

Stakeholder Dialogue

KnowledgeCapital Labour

Sectoral policies , vested interests

AgriculturalTransformation

Different, often competingsocial, economic and environmental goals

DevelopmentGoals

EnergyFood Water

The FAO approach to the Water-Energy-Food Nexus

TREND OF GLOBAL POPULATION & FOOD SUPPLY

How to feed the world in thefuture in a sustainable way ?

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THE MOST IMPORTANT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS OF INDONESIA

0

50.000.000

100.000.000

150.000.000

200.000.000

250.000.000

China India Indonesia Vietnam Thailand

Ton

s

WORLD'S TOP FIVE RICE PRODUCERS IN 2012

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Ton

s

Rice Production Indonesia :

Note: 2014 & 2015 indicates a forecast

Sources: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture

Source: FAOSTAT Data 2014

RICE

PRODUCTION TARGETS TO BE SELF-SUFFICIENT OF 5 PRIORITY COMODITIES

COMODITY PRODUCTION 2014(Million TON)

TARGETED PRODUCTION 2019(Million TON)

Paddy 70.80 82.10

Corn 19.0 24.7

Soybean 0.95 3.00

Sugar 2,63 3.82

Beef 0,460 0.755

Sources: Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture

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Land to People Ratio for Food Crops in Some Countries

No.Countries

Total Land (000 ha)

Number of People (000)

Land per capita (m2/person)

1. Indonesia : Paddy Land 7.886 240.000 329

Paddy land and Dry land 13.386 240.000 558

2. Vietnam 7.500 78.137 960

3. Thailand 31.839 60.925 5.230

4. India 161.750 1.016.938 1.290

5. China 143.625 1.282.172 1.120

6. Bangladesh 8.085 123.406 655

7. Australia 50.304 19.153 26.100

8. Brazilia 58.865 171.796 3.430

Source : Balitbangtan, 2012


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PALM OIL

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012Production (million metric tons) 19,2 19,4 21,8 23,5 26,5

Export (million metric tons) 14,2 15,5 15,6 16,5 18,1

Export Value (USD billion) 15,6 10 16,4 20,2 21,6

INDONESIAN PALM OIL PRODUCTION AND EXPORT

Sources: Food and Agriculture Organization of UN

Indonesian Palm Oil Producers Association (Gapki)

Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture

Perbandingan Luas Areal dan Produksi Kelapa Sawit Menurut

Status Pengusahaan Tahun 2015

11.6 Juta ha

PR 40,28%

PBN

6,61%

PBS

53,12%

Luas Areal / Area (Ha)

PR

PBN

PBS

PR33,88%

PBN 7,55%

PBS 58,56%

Produksi / Production (Ton)

PR

PBN

PBS

Statistik Perkebunan Indonesia Komoditas Kelapa Sawit 2015-2017

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Perkembangan Luas Areal, Produksi, dan Produktivitas

Kelapa Sawit Tahun 2011 - 2015

5.000

Produktivitas/

Productivity (Kg/Ha)

PR

PBN

PBS

2.000.000

1.000.000

-

6.000.000

5.000.000

4.000.000

3.000.000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

4.500

4.000

3.500

3.000

2.500

2.000

1.500

1.000

500

-2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

PBS 3.682 4.042 3.759 3.906 3.948

PBN 3.777 4.146 3.772 3.884 3.802

PR 3.290 3.236 3.194 3.145 3.147

PR PBN PBS

Luas Areal / Area (Ha)

Statistik Perkebunan Indonesia Komoditas Kelapa Sawit 2015-2017

Industri Sawit BerperanPenting Pada

PerekonomianIndonesia

Padatkarya Total Nilai Ekspor

Rp 240Trilyun*

*) Tahun2016

4,2 Juta LapanganKerja

Langsung

12 JutaLapangan KerjaTak

Langsung

Profil IndustriNilai Ekspor

Lapangan Kerja

LapanganKerja Pertanian

Ketahanan Energi

Menggantikan penggunaan

bahan bakarfosil

3 JutaKLMelalui programMandatori

Biodiesel 2016 yang

menghematDevisa

USD1,1 Milyar =

Rp14,83Trilyun

41%59%

Big Farmers Smallholders

41 % Petani Kecil dengan 2,3 Juta

lapangan kerja di bidang pertanian yangmenyerap

4,6 Jutapekerja

Badan PengelolaDana PerkebunanKelapa Sawit | www.bpdp.or.id 22

Sebagai industri padat karya, jutaan masyarakat sangat bergantungpada industri sawit Indonesia.Pertumbuhan industri sawit akan berperan penting padapeningkatan

kesejahteraan masyarakat

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3

Sector 2015 2016 2020 2025

Transportation, Public Service Obligation (PSO) 15% 20% 30% 30%

Transportation, Non – PSO 15% 20% 30% 30%

Industry 15% 20% 30% 30%

Electricity 25% 30% 30% 30%

Indonesia commits for green energy. In 2006, Indonesia established a Team for the development ofnational Biofuel based on the government’s regulation (PP 1/2016). The biofuel development targetis to reduce poverty and unemployment, encourage economic actvity through the procurement ofbiofuels, and reduce national fossil fuelconsumption.

• In 2008, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resource (MEMR) issued regulation : Permen ESDM 32/2008, about mandatory biofuel mixed in national consumption

• In 2014, mandatory biodiesel 10% (B-10) was set for Indonesia• In 2015, Permen ESDM 12/2015 which enforced mandatory B-15 in 2015, B-20 in 2016, B-30 in

2020 and beyond

Indonesia MandatoryBiodiesel

Source :PERMEN MinistryofEnergyand MineralResources Indonesia 12/2015 and GAPKI

500

0

1,500

1,000

2,000

Fresh Fruit Bunch Price(Belawan & Riau, 2014 – Sep 2016)

1.684

Rp/Kg

2,500

BPDP sawit

898

16 July2015

BPDPcollected export tax

for the firsttime

Fresh Fruit Bunch Price -Price Trend 2014 -2018

10Source :BPDP Palm Oil and CoordinatingMinistryforEconomicAffairs2016

16 July2015

BPDP collected exportlevies for the firsttime

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INTERCONNECTION LOOP

TANTANGAN TERBESAR SINERGI !!!

PANGAN DAN SAWITSINERGI ATAU KOMPETISI ?

Java Syndrome!!!

Sumatera Syndrome!!!

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III. KEBIJAKAN KETAHANAN PANGAN NASIONAL

SESUAI KONSEP BIOINDUSTRI PERTANIAN

LAUNCHING BUKUJakarta, 20 April 2016

PEMBANGUNAN PERTANIAN BERBASIS EKOREGION

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PERTANIAN MASA DEPAN: KONSEKUENSI DAN SOLUSI

TREN PERUBAHAN KONSEKUENSI DAN SOLUSI

Energi fosil makin langka Transformasi ekonomi ke bioenergi

Kebutuhan pangan, pakan, energi dan serat Urgensi bioproduk, pola hidup sehat, dan pola konsumsi biokultura.

Perubahan iklim global Kapasitas adaptasi dan mitigasi

Kelangkaan lahan dan air Keniscayaan efisiensi &konservasi

Permintaan terhadap jasa lingkungan hidup Pertanian ekologis dan bioservices

Petani marjinal meningkat Pluriculture: sistem biosiklus terpadu

Kemajuan iptek biosciencedanbioengineering

Pengembangan bioekonomi

KONSEP HOLISTIK PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN

Faktor Produksi/Saprodi

Pertanian

Pengetahuan danKeyakinan Petani

Hama dan Penyakit

Tanaman/ Ternak/Ikan

Tanah

Degradasi

KEBERLANJUTAN PRODUKSI

SISTEM SOSIAL

Kuantitas dan Kualitas Air

Biota Tanah

KEANEKA-RAGAMAN

HAYATI

SISTEM POLITIK

SISTEM EKONOMI

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SISTEM PERTANIAN-BIOINDUSTRI

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TEKNOLOGI DAN INOVASI PERTANIAN PANGAN, BAHAN BAKU INDUSTRI, ENERGI

PENGEMBANGAN BIOINDUSTRI DENGAN PENERAPAN KONSEP BIOREFINERY

Proses Sekunder

Pengolahan Lanjut

Konversi Protein

Asam Amino/ Pakan

Damar/ Bahan Perekat

Senyawa Fenolik

Platform Kimia

B. Bakar Nabati dan Aditif

Produk/ Penggunaan

Pupuk

Konversi Lignin

Konversi Selulosa dan Hemiselulosa

Biomassa

ResiduKarbohidrat

Minyak Nabati

Residu Residu Pembangkit Listrik danTermal

Proses Primer

( 10 – 30 % )

( 7

0 –

90

%)

3

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PROBLEM SOLVING PANGAN DAN PERTANIAN DI ERA INDUSTRI 4.0 :

TARGET SDG 2030, PRECISION AGRICULTURE

SDGIndustri 4.0

Precision Agriculture

Basic Policy of National Food Development

As a philosophical thinking and a political commitment ofthe country that stated in the Act Number 18 Year 2012pertaining Food (Food Law), basic policy of national fooddevelopment:

1. Food sovereignty (kedaulatan pangan),

2. Food self-reliance (kemandirian pangan),

3. Food security (ketahanan pangan).

Those three concepts are interrelated.

At practical level, food security means providing enough foodfor the hungry, reducing number of the poor’s, and improvingcommunity nutrition, especially children.

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Food self-reliance :

means achieving food security based on the country’scapacity and capability in utilizing domestic resourcesoptimally to produce enough food for its people.

In a normal situation, food self-reliance comes asprerequisite to achieve food security.

Food import can only be done if the countryexperiences a shortage situation in providing enoughfood for all people from its domestic production.

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Food sovereignty :

means that the government of Indonesia has a freedomin food policy making process and decision, free fromany intervention from any party or vested interest, andbased solely on national and people interest.

In this context, the government may decide to import certain foodsfor a predetermined amount and at a certain period of time andstill has food sovereignty, if the decision based on national interest.

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IV. DISKUSIPANGAN DAN ENERGI

SINERGI VS KOMPETISI

PembangunanTransportasi,

Kemaritiman, Hankam,Teknologi, Sos-Hum

KetersediaanEnergi

Pasokan Energi

KetersediaanPangan

Pasokan Pangan

Populasi PendudukIndonesia

Kebutuhan Energi

KebutuhanPangan

KesejahteraanNasional

ProduktivitasNasional

KESEHATAN

+

+

++

+

+

-

+ +

+

+

-

+

+

+

SumberdayaAlam dan

Lingkungan

+

+

-

Causal-Loop Diagram Ketersediaan Pangan dan Energi (Generik)

AIR (Water) sebagai variabel simulasi

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PasokanENERGI

PasokanPANGAN

PendudukIndonesia

KetersediaanLAHAN dan

AIR,Konservasi,

EWS

PembangunanKEMARITIMAN

PembangunanHANKAM

RISET Energi (PanasBumi, CPO/PKO, Bio-

Refinery, Algae,Jarak, Kemiri Sunan,

Moda Transp, dll)

RISET Pangan (Varitas,Bibit, Benih, Budidaya,

Hama-Penyakit,Pemasaran, Mektan,

Kelembagaan)

PasokanBio-

ENERGI

+

+

PermintaanENERGI

+

+

PermintaanPANGAN

+

+

+

-

++

-

PembangunanTRANSPORTASI

+

+

(+)

(-)

(-)

-

(-)

(+) SOS-HUM

KESEHATAN

MATERIAL

+

+

TeknologiINFORMASI

+

+

+

+

+

(-)

+

+

+

KebutuhanEnergi

+

-

+

PengamananPerairan

+

Kemanan Produk Pangan,Zoonosis, Farmaceutik,Prod. Biologis (Vaksin,

Antisera, KIt Diagnostik),Herbal, Premiks.

+

PengamananDistribusiBarang

+

+

-

Logistik, SupplyChain, e-Petani, e-Desa, e-Produksi,

e-Pasar, Katam,DSS, dll)

+

+

Riset Material DayaDukung, Pasca Panen,Nano-Tek Pengemb.

Produk

+

Moda, Logistik,Transp. Terpadu,

Antar Pulau,BBM/SPBU

Laut.

+

Smart Grid

+

+

Komunikasi,Navigasi,Sekuriti

+

++

RISET Etno-Dev.,Migrasi, Ref.

Agraria, TK basisDemografi.

+

(+)

Causal-Loop-Diagram Pangan-Energi (Detail Matriks Bidang Fokus)

AIR (Water) sebagai variabel simulasi

POIN-POIN DISKUSI• Komoditas prioritas bioenergi :

sawit, singkong, shorgum, aren, jarak pagar, kemiri sunan . . .

• Apakah struktur dan instrumen kelembagaan pusat dandaerah, terkait sinergi pangan-energi-air

• sudah ada dan memadai/operasional?

• Apakah kebijakan strategis nasional dan legal framework sinergi pangan-energi-air, ada dan memadai/operasional ?

• Bagaimana dengan pemetaan kawasan komoditas pangan, energi, dukungan ketersediaan air ?

• Apakah ada dukungan sinergi riset-teknologi- inovasipangan-energi-air dari Litbang K/L, LPNK, PT, Swasta?

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Hatur Nuhun

OUTLINE - drn.go.id 2018/19042018-Presentasi FGD... · PANGAN DAN ENERGI : SINERGI VS KOMPETISI I. ISU POKOK PANGAN DAN PERTANIAN III.KEBIJAKAN KETAHANAN PANGAN NASIONAL II. PANGAN

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