| Date post: | 26-Apr-2019 |
| Category: | Documents |
| View: | 231 times |
| Download: | 0 times |
Paryono/Anatomi/Poltekkes Ska 03/12/2011
1
ORIENTASI
TUBUH
MANUSIABy. Paryono
1Paryono/anatomi/Poltekkes Ska
2Paryono/anatomi/Poltekkes Ska
Paryono/Anatomi/Poltekkes Ska 03/12/2011
2
Allah SWT berfirman :Allah SWT berfirman :QS AtQS At--Tiin (95) : 4Tiin (95) : 4
Sesungguhnya kami telah menciptakan manusia dalam bentuk yang sebaik-baiknya.
Dialah yang membentuk kamu dalam rahim sebagaimana dikehendaki-Nya tak ada tuhan (yang berhak di sembah) melainkan
Dia, yang Maha Perkasa lagi Maha Bijaksana.3Paryono/anatomi/Poltekkes Ska
PROSES KEJADIAN MANUSIAAllah menciptakan Manusia dalam 4 model
Proses Penciptaan Nabi Adam AS
Proses Penciptaan Bunda Hawa
Proses Penciptaan Nabi Isa AS
Proses Penciptaan Kebanyakan Manusia
QS Al-Muminuun (23) 12-14
4Paryono/anatomi/Poltekkes Ska
Paryono/Anatomi/Poltekkes Ska 03/12/2011
3
PENCIPTAAN MANUSIAQS Al-Muminuun (23) 12-14
Dan sesungguhnya Kami telah menciptakan manusia dari
suatu sari pati (berasal) dari tanah.
Kemudian Kami jadikan sari pati itu air mani (yang disimpan)
ditempat yang kukuh (rahim).
Kemudian air mani itu Kami jadikan segumpal darah, lalu
segumpal darah itu kami jadikan segumpal daging, dan
segumpal daging itu kami jadikan tulang belulang, lalu tulang
belulang itu kami bungkus dengan daging . Kemudian kami
jadikan dia makhluk yang (berbentuk) lain. Maka Maha
Sucilah Allah, Pencipta yang paling baik.
5Paryono/anatomi/Poltekkes Ska
Dari sudut medis, anatomi terdiri dari berbagai
pengetahuan tentang bentuk, letak, ukuran, dan
hubungan berbagai struktur dari tubuh manusia sehat
sehingga sering disebut sebagai anatomi deskriptif atau
topografis.
6Paryono/anatomi/Poltekkes Ska
Paryono/Anatomi/Poltekkes Ska 03/12/2011
4
APAKAH ANATOMI ITU ?
Anatomi (Greek: ana: apart; temmein: to cut)
Memotong bagian-bagian tubuh (Latin
equivalent: dissecare diseksi)
AnatomyAnatomy((DiscplineDiscpline/field of /field of
scientific study)scientific study)
DissectionDissection(One of the methods/ (One of the methods/
techniques used in techniques used in
studying the body)studying the body)
7Paryono/anatomi/Poltekkes Ska
ANATOMI
Bagian ilmu biologi yang mempelajari tentang
struktur dan fungsi tubuh
Mempelajari struktur kehidupan manusia
Cannot be learned completely by
studying the bodies of dead persons
Dasar dari ilmu-ilmu kesehatan
APAKAH ANATOMI ITU ?
8Paryono/anatomi/Poltekkes Ska
Paryono/Anatomi/Poltekkes Ska 03/12/2011
5
Bagaimana mempelajari ANATOMI ?
Mempelajari etimologi (derivation of words)
Helps remember anatomy and find the process enjoyable
Cecum caecus (Lat.): blind The cecum is a blind pouch lying inferior to the terminal
portion of ileum (Lat.: roll up/twist) The ileum is a highly coiled/rolled up part of the small
intestines
MEMORISINGMEMORISING(New language:4500 (New language:4500
words)words)
UNDERSTANDINGUNDERSTANDINGThe links between structure & The links between structure & functionfunctionIntellectually more satisfyingIntellectually more satisfyingIt makes its long term It makes its long term retention easierretention easier
vs
9Paryono/anatomi/Poltekkes Ska
SEJARAH ANATOMI Ilmu dasar medis paling tua dipelajari (500 thn S.M
Pertama kali ditulis oleh Papyruses antara 3000-2500 S.M.
Diajarkan oleh Hippocrates Thn 460-377S.M.sekaligus disebut sebagai bapak kedokteran
Aristoteles (384-322 SM)
sebagai orang pertama yang menggunakan istilah anatomi
Andreas Vesaliuss 1514-1564) mempublikasikan anatomi & era baru. Anatomi menjadi disipline ilmu yang obyektif. Dasar pertama seni ilmu kedokteran
Williem Harvey di era Hieroniymus Frabiceus (1537-1619) menemukan katub vena.
1628 publikasi buku Harveys Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Anamalibus.
Abad 17 diseksi manusia menjadi pembelajaran anatomi di sekolah-sekolah Eropa
10Paryono/anatomi/Poltekkes Ska
Paryono/Anatomi/Poltekkes Ska 03/12/2011
6
GENERAL SUBDIVISIONS OF ANATOMY
MACROANATOMY Naked eyes
(Macroscopic/Gross Anatomy)
Included: SURFACE Observation,
ANATOMY palpation, percussion,
auscultation
MICROANATOMY MicroscopeCYTOLOGY cells
HISTOLOGY tissues
EMBRYOLOGY Development of the
structures
COMPARATIVE Examine
ANATOMY the structures
of other animals
AA
NN
AA
TT
OO
MM
YY
11Paryono/anatomi/Poltekkes Ska
METHODS OF METHODS OF
STUDYING STUDYING
ANATOMY ANATOMY
DISSECTION (Cadaver)
SURFACE ANATOMY (Living body)
(observation, palpation, percussion,auscultation)
ENDOSCOPY (Living body: internal
structures)/invasive
ORGAN IMAGE (noninvasive, nondestructive)
RADIOLOGY
X-ray
(radiographs, contrast
media, tomography,
computer-assisted
tomography/CAT/CT)
ULTRASONO-
GRAPHY
(USG)
ultrasound
wave
MAGNETIC
RESONANCE
IMAGING(MRI)*
electromagnetic
wave
RADIOISOTOPE
IMAGING
uptake of
isotope
radioactive
12Paryono/anatomi/Poltekkes Ska
Paryono/Anatomi/Poltekkes Ska 03/12/2011
7
PENDEKATAN BELAJAR ANATOMI
ANATOMI REGIONAL
Topografi tubuh manusia sebagai segmen-segmen
(kepala, leher, badan, anggota dll)
Mempelajari tubuh manusia yang memfokuskan
pada bagian tertentu
Anatomi regional dapat dilihat dari :
Anatomi permukaan >>>pemeriksaan dng palpasi
Anatomi viceral>>>dengan radiografi
13Paryono/anatomi/Poltekkes Ska
Lanjutan
ANATOMI SISTEMIK
Mempelajari anatomi berdasarkan sistem
(Integumen, skeletal, artikuler, muskuler,nervous,
sirkulasi, digestivus, respiratorius, urinarius,
reproduksi, endokrin)
14Paryono/anatomi/Poltekkes Ska
Paryono/Anatomi/Poltekkes Ska 03/12/2011
8
Levels of Structural Organization
Figure 1.1
15Paryono/anatomi/Poltekkes Ska
Levels of Structural Organization
Figure 1.1, step 1
Molecules
Atoms
Chemical level
Atoms combine to
form molecules
16Paryono/anatomi/Poltekkes Ska
Paryono/Anatomi/Poltekkes Ska 03/12/2011
9
Levels of Structural Organization
Figure 1.1, step 2
Smooth muscle cellMolecules
AtomsCellular level
Cells are made up of
molecules
Chemical level
Atoms combine to
form molecules
17Paryono/anatomi/Poltekkes Ska
Levels of Structural Organization
Figure 1.1, step 3
Smooth muscle cellMolecules
Atoms
Smooth
muscle
tissue
Cellular level
Cells are made up of
molecules
Tissue level
Tissues consist of
similar types of cells
Chemical level
Atoms combine to
form molecules
18Paryono/anatomi/Poltekkes Ska
Paryono/Anatomi/Poltekkes Ska 03/12/2011
10
Levels of Structural Organization
Figure 1.1, step 4
Smooth muscle cellMolecules
Atoms
Smooth
muscle
tissue
Epithelial
tissueSmooth
muscle
tissue
Connective
tissue
Blood
vessel
(organ)
Cellular level
Cells are made up of
molecules
Tissue level
Tissues consist of
similar types of cells
Organ level
Organs are made up
of different types
of tissues
Chemical level
Atoms combine to
form molecules
19Paryono/anatomi/Poltekkes Ska
Levels of Structural Organization
Figure 1.1, step 5
Smooth muscle cellMolecules
Atoms
Smooth
muscle
tissue
Epithelial
tissueSmooth
muscle
tissueConnective
tissue
Blood
vessel
(organ)Cardio-
vascular
system
Cellular level
Cells are made up of
molecules
Tissue level
Tissues consist of
similar types of cells
Organ level
Organs are made up
of different types
of tissues
Organ system level
Organ systems consist of different
organs that work together closely
Chemical level
Atoms combine to
form molecules
20Paryono/anatomi/Poltekkes Ska
Paryono/Anatomi/Poltekkes Ska 03/12/2011
11
Levels of Structural Organization
Figure 1.1, step 6
Smooth muscle cellMolecules
Atoms
Smooth
muscle
tissue
Epithelial
tissueSmooth
muscle
tissueConnective
tissue
Blood
vessel
(organ)Cardio-
vascular
system
Cellular level
Cells are made up of
molecules
Tissue level
Tissues consist of
similar types of cells
Organ level
Click here to load reader
