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MEMBRAN SEL DAN TRANSPORT Agustina Setiawati, M.Sc., Apt
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Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

Nov 16, 2020

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Page 1: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

MEMBRAN SEL DAN TRANSPORT

Agustina Setiawati, M.Sc., Apt

Page 2: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

MODEL MEMBRAN

Fluid Mosaic Model 1972 Singer & Nicolson : lipid diatur dlm struktur 2 lapis dg protein yg berbeda2 tertanam / menempel pada lipid (mosaik), dimana protein & fosfolipid dpt bergerak bebas pada membran (fluid).

Page 3: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

Fluid Mosaic Membrane

Text pg 80

Page 4: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21
Page 5: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

Komponen Membran Sel

Fosfolipid

Kolesterol

Karbohidrat: Glikolipid & Glikoprotein

Protein membran

Page 6: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

1. FOSFOLIPID

Page 7: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

FOSFOLIPID PADA MAMALIA

Page 8: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

Gerakan Fosfolipid

Difusi lateral

Flip-Flop

Rotasi

Fleksi

Page 9: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

2. KOLESTEROL

Page 10: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21
Page 11: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

3. Karbohidrat Membran

Berupa asam sialat (NANA)

Page 12: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21
Page 13: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

Fungsi Karbohidrat Membran

Beperan penting dalam identifikasi sel

Membedakan sel satu dengan yg lain (antigen)

Berperan penting dlm perkembangan jaringan dan organ

Page 14: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

4. Protein membran

Page 15: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

PROTEIN MEMBRAN

Mempunyai fungsi yang spesifik

PROTEIN PERIFER

Terikat pada permukaan membran sel

Penanda spesifik untuk sel (ANTIGEN)

PROTEIN INTEGRAL/TRANSMEMBRAN

Menembus membran sel Sebagai protein transport

Kanal, pompa ion

Page 16: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

2007-2008

ASAM AMINO APA SAJA YANG MENYUSUN PROTEIN MAMBRAN?

Page 17: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

KELAS ASAM AMINO

nonpolar & hidrofobik

Page 18: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

polar &hidrofilik

I like the polar ones the best!

KELAS ASAM AMINO

Page 19: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

ASAM AMINO dalam PROTEIN MEMBRAN

Dalam membran asam amino nonpolar hidrofobik

Tertanam dalam membran

Permukaan Membran

asam amino polar

hidrofilik

Berada di luar (menghadap ke lingkungan luar atau sitoplasma)

Polar areas of protein

Nonpolar areas of protein

Page 20: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

FUNGSI PROTEIN MEMBRAN SEL

Outside

Plasma membrane

Inside

Transporter Reseptor Sebagai ENZIM

Penanda spesifik Pelekatan Sitoskeleton

Adhesi SEL

Page 21: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

Dibedakan menjadi 2:

1. GLIKOLIPID

2. GLIKOPROTEIN

KARBOHIDRAT MEMBRAN

Page 22: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

Glikolipid dan Glikoprotein?

Page 23: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

23

Bagaimana molekul melintasi membran?

Page 24: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

Permiabilitas Membran Sel

Membran plasma mempunyai permiabilitas yang berbeda thp molekul yg berbeda

Makromolekul (protein, karbohidrat, lipid) tidak bisa melintasi membran, why?

Molekul kecil bermuatan tidak bisa melintasi membran, why??

Molekul kecil tidak bermuatan dapat melintasi membran berdasar gradien konsentrasi

Page 25: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

Tipe Transport Seluler

Transport pasif

Sel tidak butuh energi

1. Difusi

2. Difusi Terfasilitasi

3. Osmosis

Transport aktif

Sel butuh energi

1. Pompa protein

2. Endositosis

3. Eksositosis

high

low

This is gonna

be hard work!!

high

low

Weeee!!!

Page 26: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

TRANSPOR PASIF

Sel tidak butuh energi

Molekul bergerak secara acak

Molekul bergerak dari konsentrasi tinggi ke rendah

(TinggiRendah)

Page 27: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

1. Difusi

2. Difusi terfasilitasi– difusi yang diperantarai protein membran

3. Osmosis – difusi air

TRANSPOR PASIF

Page 28: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

1. DIFUSI

http://bio.winona.edu/berg/Free.htm

Page 29: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

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Page 30: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

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Page 31: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

31

FAKTOR yang mempengaruhi Kecepatan Difusi

1. Gradien konsentrasi

Makin besar gradien konsentrasi semakin cepat difusi

2. Suhu

makin tinggi suhu, makin tinggi energi kinetik molekul sehingga probabilitas difusi lebih besar

3. Luas permukaan difusi

makin luas permukaan difusi semakin banyak molekul yg berdifusi

4. Tipe molekul/ion yang berdifusi

Molekul yang lebih besar lebih sulit berdifusi

Molekul non polar/hidrofobik lebih mudah berdifusi karena larut dalam ekor non polar fosfolipid.

Page 32: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

32

MOLEKUL yang ditransport secara DIFUSI

1. Oxygen – Non-polar so diffuses very quickly.

1. Carbon dioxide – Polar but very small so diffuses quickly.

2. Water – Polar but also very small so diffuses quickly.

Page 33: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

Gas exchange in lungs by diffusion

Page 34: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

2. DIFUSI TERFASILITASI: difusi melalui protein membran, yg disebut protein transport

a. Protein transport bersifat SPESIFIK– hanya molekul tertentu yg dpt melewati membran

b. Mentransport molekul besar atau bermuatan

2. DIFUSI TERFASILITASI

Carrier Protein

Page 35: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

Konsentrasi TINGGI

GLUKOSA

Protein channel

Go to Section:

ProteinTransport

High

Low Konsentrasi RENDAH

Page 36: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

Transpoter glukosa (GluT)

Page 37: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

TIPE PROTEIN TRANSPORT

3 Tipe Protein Transport:

1. uniport

2. symport

3. antiport

Page 38: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

ProteinTransport Uniport

extracellular

fluid

intracellular fluid

Membawa 1 jenis molekul melewati membran

Page 39: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

Memindahkan 2 molekul berbeda secara bersamaan

ke arah yang sama

intracellular

fluid

extracellular

fluid

ProteinTransport Symport

Page 40: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

Menukarkan 2 molekul berbeda dengan

arah yang berlawanan

intracellular

fluid

extracellular

fluid

ProteinTransport Antiport

Page 41: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

Osmosis animation Osmosis

Difusi air melewati membran sel yang disebabkan gradien konsentrasi disebut osmosis.

Difusi selalu terjadi dari konsentrasi tinggi ke rendah.

Air masuk ke dalam sel karena tekanan osmosis dalam sel.

Page 42: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

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Osmosis

Page 43: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21
Page 44: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

Larutan HIPOTONIS

Hipotonis: Larutan yang konsentrasi solut lebih rendah atau konsentrasi airnya lebih tinggi dibandingkan konsentrasi air dalam sel . (Low solute; High water)

Hasil : Air ber-osmosis dari larutan ke dalam sel—Sel menggelembung dan PECAH (cytolysis)!

Page 45: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

Larutan Hipertonis

Hipertonis: Larutan yang mempunyai konsentrasi

zat terlarut lebih tinggi atau konsentrasi air lebih rendah dibandingkan dalam sel. (tinggi solut; rendah air)

Hasil : Air keluar dari sel ke larutan: Sel mengkerut (Plasmolysis)!

shrinks

Page 46: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

Isotonic Solution

Isotonic: Larutan yang mempunyai konsentrasi solut dan air yang sama dengan sel

Result: Air bergerak dengan jumlah sama dan seimbang ke dalam/keluar sel! (Dynamic Equilibrium)

Page 47: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

Tipe larutan apakah yang menyebabkan seperti ini?

A C B

Hypertonic Isotonic Hypotonic

Page 48: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

Sel tumbuhan

Apabila sel tumbuhan berada dalam

lingkungan hipotonis disebutTURGID.

Prosesnya disebut TEKANAN TURGOR.

Water

Central

Vacuole

Water

Water Water

Page 49: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

Apabila sel tumbuhan berada dalam lingkungan

hipertonis, membran plasma terlepas dari dinding

sel (vakuola kosong)

Proses kehilangan air ini disebut PLASMOLYSIS

Water

Water

Cell

Wall Water

plasma membrane

Page 50: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

TRANSPORT AKTIF

•Sel butuh ENERGI dalam bentuk ATP

• Molekul bergerak dari konsentrasi RENDAH ke TINGGI

•(RENDAH TINGGI)

• Ada 3 tipe:

1. Pompa protein

2. Endositosis

3. Eksositosis

Page 51: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

Transport Aktif—Pompa Protein

Membutuhkan protein membran utk mentransport molekul

Contoh:

Pompa Natrium Kalium

Pompa Na/K ATP-ase

Protein membutuhkan energi untuk mengubah bentuk saat transport : proses ini butuh energy!

Page 52: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

Proses transport aktif melalui pompa protein

Figure 5.18

Transport

protein

1

FLUID

OUTSIDE

CELL

First

solute

First solute,

inside cell,

binds to protein

Phosphorylated

transport protein

2 ATP transfers

phosphate to

protein

3 Protein releases

solute outside

cell

4 Second solute

binds to protein

Second

solute

5 Phosphate

detaches from

protein

6 Protein releases

second solute

into cell

Page 53: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

Contoh pompa protein transport aktif

Page 54: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

Mengambil material yg besar dari luar ke dalam sel

Butuh energi

Membentuk vakuola makanan atau endosom

Transport Aktif—Endositosis

Page 55: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

3 types Endositosis:

A. Fagositosis

B. Pinositosis

C. Receptor-mediated endocytosis

What are differences among them?

2. Transport Aktif—Endositosis

Page 56: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

56

FAGOSITOSIS

Page 57: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

57

PINOSITOSIS

Page 58: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

Receptor Mediated Endocytosis

Harmful levels of cholesterol can accumulate in the blood if membranes lack cholesterol receptors

Page 59: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

3. Proses pengeluaran material dari dalam sel • Material diselimuti

membran menyatu dengan membran plasma sel

• Sel berubah bentuk memerlukan energi

• EX: Pelepasan Hormon atau sampah dari dalam sel

2. Transport Aktif—Eksoositosis

Page 60: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21

AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

60

Transport Membran Sel

Page 61: Membran sel dan transport - Universitas Brawijayachanif.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2019/09/membran-sel-dan...Title Membran sel dan transport Author Nina Created Date 9/5/2019 11:59:21