LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM - …repository.unika.ac.id/2334/1/09.11.0052 Karuna Winasti COVER.pdf2.2.3 Spesifikasi Dan Persyaratan Desain ... Gambar 2.19 : Fitness Circles ... Alat

PROYEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR

Periode LXIV, Semester Gasal , Tahun 2013/2014

LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM

Pusat Relaksasi di Semarang

Penekanan / Tema Desain

Arsitektur Tropis

Permasalahan Dominan

Stimuli Arsitektural Untuk Penciptaan “ Suasana “

Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan

memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur

Disusun oleh

Karuna Winasti

09.11.0052

Dosen pembimbing

Ir. Yulita Titik S, MT

NIDN.0612066201

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR,

FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN

UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA

September 2013

PRAKATA

Puji Syukur Kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, karena atas Berkat dan Rahmat-Nya

sehingga Landasan Teori dan Program ( LTP ) Projek Akhir Arsitektur ( PAA ) 64

Periode Semester Gasal Tahun 2013/2014 yang berjudul “ Pusat Relaksasi di

Semarang “ ini dapat terselesaikan dengan baik.

Dalam penyusunan Landasan Teori dan Program ( LTP ) ini saya haturkan terima

kasih yang sebesar besarnya kepada semua pihak yang telah membantu penulis

dalam proses penyusunan Landasan Teori dan Program ( LTP ) ini yaitu

1. Ir. Yulita Titik S, MT , selaku pembimbing selama penyusunan Landasan

Teori dan Program ( LTP ) ini , yang telah banyak memberikan masukan dan

saran.

2. Ir. Riandy Tarigan, MT, selaku koordinator Projek Akhir Arsitektur 64

3. Seluruh Dosen dan Staff Tata Usaha yang telah membantu proses

penyelesaian Landasan Teori dan Program ( LTP ) ini.

4. Orangtua yang selalu memberikan dukungan dan motivasi penulis.

5. Teman teman dan Pihak lain yang telah membantu serta mendukung dalam

proses penyusunan Landasan Teori dan Program ( LTP ) PAA 64 ini.

Semoga LTP PAA 64 ini dapat bermanfaat bagi para pembaca. Saran dan kritik

sangatlah diharapkan demi penyempurnaan di kemudian hari.

Semarang, Oktober 2013

Karuna Winasti

DAFTAR ISI

Halaman Judul..............................................................................................................i

Halaman Pengesahan..................................................................................................ii

Prakata...................................................................................................................... ..iv

Daftar Isi.......................................................................................................................v

Daftar Gambar............................................................................................................vi

Daftar Tabel.................................................................................................................v

BAB I Pendahuluan

1.1 Latar Belakang Proyek......................................................................................1

1.2 Tujuan dan Sasaran Pembahasan...................................................................2

1.3 Lingkup Pembahasan.......................................................................................2

1.4 Metoda Pembahasan........................................................................................2

1.5 Sistematika Pembahasan.................................................................................5

BAB II Tinjauan Proyek

2.1 Tinjauan Umum.................................................................................................6

2.1.1 Gambaran Umum...................................................................................6

2.1.2 Latar Belakang.......................................................................................8

2.1.3 Sasaran Yang Akan Dicapai..................................................................9

2.2 Tinjauan Khusus.............................................................................................10

2.2.1 Terminologi..........................................................................................10

2.2.2 Kegiatan...............................................................................................30

2.2.2.1 Pelaku......................................................................................30

2.2.2.2 Fasilitas....................................................................................30

2.2.3 Spesifikasi Dan Persyaratan Desain....................................................33

2.2.3.1 Aspek Arsitektur.......................................................................33

2.2.3.2 Aspek Bangunan......................................................................33

2.2.3.3 Aspek Lingkungan....................................................................33

2.2.4 Deskripsi Konteks Kota........................................................................34

2.2.4.1 Deskripsi Kota Semarang........................................................34

2.2.4.2 Relevansi Antara Proyek dan Kota Semarang.........................35

2.2.5 Studi Banding.......................................................................................35

2.2.6 Permasalahan Desain..........................................................................38

2.2.6.1 Permasalahan Arsitektur..........................................................38

2.2.6.2 Permasalahan Bangunan.........................................................39

2.2.6.3 Permasalahan Lingkungan .....................................................39

2.3 Kesimpulan, Batasan, Dan Anggapan............................................................40

BAB III Analisa Pendekatan Program Arsitektur

3.1 Analisa Pendekatan Arsitektur.......................................................................41

3.1.1 Studi Aktivitas.......................................................................................41

3.1.2. Studi Fasilitas........................................................................................50

3.2 Analisa Pendekatan Sistem Bangunan.........................................................75

3.2.1 Studi Sistem Struktur dan Enclosure...................................................75

3.2.2 Studi Sistem Utilitas.............................................................................93

3.2.2.1 Transportasi Vertikal................................................................93

3.2.2.2 Unit Pemadam Kebakaran.......................................................96

3.2.2.3 Pencahayaan.....................................................................,.....99

3.2.2.4 Penghawaan..........................................................................101

3.2.2.5 Jaringan Listrik.......................................................................103

3.2.2.6 Jaringan Air Bersih dan Kotor................................................104

3.2.2.7 Jaringan Telepon...................................................................107

3.2.2.8 Jaringan Sampah ..................................................................107

3.2.2.9 Penangkal Petir......................................................................107

3.2.3 Studi Pemanfaatan Teknologi............................................................108

3.3 Analisa Pendekatan Konteks Lingkungan

3.3.1 Analisa pemilihan Lokasi Makro ( Skala BWK )...................................110

3.3.2 Analisa Pemilihan Lokasi Mikro ( Koridor Jalan ).................................115

3.3.3 Analisa Pemilihan Tapak.....................................................................119

BAB IV Program Arsitektur

4.1 Konsep Program.........................................................................................121

4.2 Tujuan Perancangan , Faktor Penentu Perancangan, dan Faktor

Persyaratan Perancangan .........................................................................121

4.3 Program Arsitektur......................................................................................124

4.3.1 Program Kegiatan .............................................................................124

4.3.2 Program Sistem Struktur....................................................................130

4.3.3 Sistem Utilitas....................................................................................134

4.3.4 Program Lokasi dan Tapak..................................................................138

BAB V Kajian Teori

5.1 Kajian Teori Penekanan Desain..................................................................146

5.1.1 Interprestasi dan Elaborasi Teori Penekanan Desain .........................146

5.1.2 Studi Preseden ...................................................................................149

5.1.3 Penerapan Teori Penekanan Desain...................................................153

5.2 Kajian Teori Permasalahan Dominan.........................................................159

Kepustakaan...........................................................................................................182

Lampiran

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 : Empat Kuadran Meditasi....................................................................13

Gambar 2.2 : Alas Duduk Meditasi..........................................................................18

Gambar 2.3 : Handuk Meditasi................................................................................19

Gambar 2.4 : Selimut Meditasi.................................................................................19

Gambar 2.5 : Pakaian Yang Baik Untuk Meditasi....................................................19

Gambar 2.6 : Pakaian Longgar Untuk Meditasi.......................................................19

Gambar 2.7 : Yoga Mat............................................................................................20

Gambar 2.8 : Yoga Block.........................................................................................21

Gambar 2.9 : Ilustrasi Yoga Block............................................................................21

Gambar 2.10 : Ilustrasi Penggunaan Yoga Strip........................................................21

Gambar 2.11 : Penggunaan Blanket Untuk Yoga......................................................22

Gambar 2.12 : Penggunaan Yoga Bolster.................................................................22

Gambar 2.13 : Reformer............................................................................................23

Gambar 2.14 : Cadillac..............................................................................................23

Gambar 2.15 : Stability Chair.....................................................................................24

Gambar 2.16 : Bosu...................................................................................................24

Gambar 2.17 : Ladder Barrel.....................................................................................24

Gambar 2.18 : Arc Barrels.........................................................................................24

Gambar 2.19 : Fitness Circles....................................................................................25

Gambar 2.20 : Pilates Ball.........................................................................................25

Gambar 2.21 : Pijat Refleksi......................................................................................28

Gambar 2.22 : Reflexology........................................................................................28

Gambar 2.22 : Aromatherapy Massage.....................................................................28

Gambar 2.24 : Aromatherapy Oil...............................................................................28

Gambar 2.25 : Remedial Massage............................................................................29

Gambar 2.26 : Remedial Massage............................................................................29

Gambar 2.27 : Hot Stone Massage............................................................................29

Gambar 2.28 : Hot Stone ..........................................................................................29

Gambar 2.29 : Ruang Sauna.....................................................................................30

Gambar 2.30 : Ruang Sauna.....................................................................................30

Gambar 2.31 : Ruang Steambath..............................................................................30

Gambar 2.32 : Ruang Steambath..............................................................................30

Gambar 2.33 : Gerakan Dasar Taichi........................................................................31

Gambar 2.34 : Senam Taichi.....................................................................................31

Gambar 2.35 : Bagian Depan Samanta Meditation Center........................................36

Gambar 2.36 : Kegiatan Meditation di SMC...............................................................37

Gambar 2.37 : Ruang Meditasi..................................................................................37



Gambar 2.40 : Eksterior Zaza Salon..........................................................................38

Gambar 2.41 : Ruang Tunggu Zaza Salon................................................................38

Gambar 2.42 : Ruang Spa Standart...........................................................................38

Gambar 2.43 : Ruang Tunggu Spa............................................................................38

Gambar 2.44 : Steamer Listrik...................................................................................38

Gambar 2.45 : R. Hair Salon......................................................................................39

Gambar 2.46 : R. Facial.............................................................................................39

Gambar 3.1 : Diagram Pola Aktivitas Pengunjung...................................................48

Gambar 3.2 :Diagram Pola Aktivitas Owner............................................................48

Gambar 3.3 : Diagram Pola Aktivitas Pembimbing..................................................49

Gambar 3.4 : Diagram Pola Aktivitas Manager........................................................49

Gambar 3.5 : Diagram Pola Aktivitas Bid. Admin.....................................................50

Gambar 3.6 : Diagram Pola Aktivitas Bid.Pembukuan.............................................50

Gambar 3.7 : Diagram Pola Aktivitas Staff Marketing..............................................51

Gambar 3.8 : Diagram Pola Aktivitas Staff Operasional..........................................51

Gambar 3.9 : Diagram Pola Aktivitas Staff Teknisi..................................................52

Gambar 3.10 : Diagram Pola Aktivitas Staff Operasional .........................................52

Gambar 3.11 : Diagram Pola Aktivitas Koki...............................................................53

Gambar 3.12 : Diagram Pola Aktivitas Karyawan Resto............................................54

Gambar 3.13 : Diagram Pola Aktivitas Karyawan Resto............................................54

Gambar 3.14 : Diagram Pola Ruang Pengelola.........................................................59

Gambar 3.15 : Diagram Pola Ruang Utama..............................................................59

Gambar 3.16 : Diagram Pola Ruang Pengelola.........................................................59

Gambar 3.17 : Diagram Pola Ruang Organic Resto..................................................60

Gambar 3.18 : Reformer............................................................................................70

Gambar 3.19 : Cadillac..............................................................................................70

Gambar 3.20 : Yoga Mat............................................................................................71

Gambar 3.21 : Alas Duduk Meditasi..........................................................................79

Gambar 3.22 : Pondasi FootPlat................................................................................79

Gambar 3.23 : Pondasi Lajur Batu Kali......................................................................80

Gambar 3.24 : Pondasi Lajur Batu Kali......................................................................80

Gambar 3.25 : Pondasi Sumuran...............................................................................81

Gambar 3.26 :Pondasi Sumuran................................................................................81

Gambar 3.27 :Lantai Kayu.........................................................................................83

Gambar 3.28 : Lantai Kayu........................................................................................83

Gambar 3.29 : Lantai Marmer....................................................................................84

Gambar 3.30 : Lantai Marmer....................................................................................84

Gambar 3.31 : Lantai Keramik...................................................................................85

Gambar 3.32 : Lantai Keramik...................................................................................85

Gambar 3.33 : Atap Baja Ringan...............................................................................86

Gambar 3.34 : Dak Beton..........................................................................................88

Gambar 3.35 : Green Roof.........................................................................................88

Gambar 3.36 : Green Roof.........................................................................................88

Gambar 3.37 : Partisi Movable...................................................................................89

Gambar 3.38 : Partisi Movable...................................................................................89

Gambar 3.39 : Hiasan Panel Kayu.............................................................................90

Gambar 3.40 : Hiasan Panel Kayu.............................................................................90

Gambar 3.41: Batu Alam..........................................................................................91

Gambar 3.42 : Batu Alam...........................................................................................91

Gambar 3.43 : Sand Blasting.....................................................................................92

Gambar 3.44 : Transparent Awimming Pool..............................................................92

Gambar 3.45 : Peralatan RainWall............................................................................93

Gambar 3.46 : RainWall.............................................................................................93

Gambar 3.47 : Plafon Gypsum...................................................................................93

Gambar 3.48 : Plafon Kayu........................................................................................94

Gambar 3.49 : Plafon Fiber........................................................................................95

Gambar 3.50 : Plafon Asbes......................................................................................95

Gambar 3.51 : Plafon Akustik....................................................................................96

Gambar 3.52 : Tangga...............................................................................................97

Gambar 3.53 : Tangga Darurat..................................................................................97

Gambar 3.54 : Lift Barang..........................................................................................98

Gambar 3.55 : Kamar Mandi Difable..........................................................................99

Gambar 3.56 : Ramp................................................................................................100

Gambar 3.57 : Alarm Krbakaran..............................................................................100

Gambar 3.58 : Detector Panas................................................................................100

Gambar 3.59 : Manual Call Point.............................................................................101

Gambar 3.60 : Contol Panel.....................................................................................101

Gambar 3.61 : Alarm Kebakaran.............................................................................101

Gambar 3.62 : Sprinkler Otomatis............................................................................101

Gambar 3.63 : Fire Hydrant System........................................................................101

Gambar 3.64 : Hose Reel........................................................................................101

Gambar 3.65 : Alat Pemadam Dry Chemical dan CO2...........................................102

Gambar 3.66 : Alat Pemadam Halon/BCP dan Foam..............................................102

Gambar 3.67 : Bukaan Jendela & Pintu...................................................................105

Gambar 3.68 : Ventilasi Melalui Dinding Bambu......................................................105

Gambar 3.69 : Contoh Cross Ventilation.................................................................105

Gambar 3.70 : Exhaust Fan.....................................................................................106

Gambar 3.71 : Kipas Angin......................................................................................106

Gambar 3.72 : Split Wall AC....................................................................................107

Gambar 3.73 : Sound System Ruang......................................................................107

Gambar 3.74 : Jaringan Listrik Bawah Tanah..........................................................107

Gambar 3.75 : Genset.............................................................................................108

Gambar 3.76 : Sistem Up Feed dan Down Feed....................................................108

Gambar 3.77 : Sumur Artesis..................................................................................109

Gambar 3.78 : Sirkulasi Overflow............................................................................110

Gambar 3.79 : Sirkulasi Skimmer............................................................................110

Gambar 3.80 : Tempat Sampah Organik- Non Organik...........................................111

Gambar 3.81 : Septitank..........................................................................................112

Gambar 3.82 : Jaringan WI-Fi..................................................................................113

Gambar 3.83 : BWK II..............................................................................................115

Gambar 3.84 : BWK VI.............................................................................................117

Gambar 3.85 : Tapak Alternatif 1.............................................................................122

Gambar 3.86 : Tapak Alternatif 2.............................................................................122

Gambar 3.87 : Peta Lokasi Jalan Jangli Utara.........................................................123

Gambar 3.88: Peta Lokasi Jalan Jangli Utara.........................................................123

Gambar 3.89 : Tanah Kosong ( Bag. Utara Tapak )................................................124

Gambar 3.90 : Tanah Kosong ( Bagian Timur Tapak )............................................124

Gambar 3.91 : Jalan Candi......................................................................................124

Gambar 3.92 : Tanah Kosong ( Bagian Depan Tapak )...........................................124

Gambar 4.1 : Pola Ruang Makro...........................................................................138

Gambar 4.2 : Pola Ruang Pengelola.....................................................................138

Gambar 4.3 : Pola Ruang Utama...........................................................................139

Gambar 4.4 :Pola Ruang Outdoor.........................................................................139

Gambar 4.5 : Pola Ruang Mikro.............................................................................140

Gambar 4.6 : Hebel dan Spesifikasinya.................................................................145

Gambar 4.7 : Batu Alam.........................................................................................145

Gambar 4.8 : Batu Alam.........................................................................................145

Gambar 4.9 : Kaca.................................................................................................145

Gambar 4.10 : Kalsiboard........................................................................................146

Gambar 4.11 : Dinding Kayu....................................................................................146

Gambar 4.12 : Dinding Gypsum...............................................................................147

Gambar 4.13 : Tangga.............................................................................................148

Gambar 4.14 : Tangga.............................................................................................148

Gambar 4.15 : Up Feed & Down Feed.....................................................................151

Gambar 4.16 : Ficus religiosa L...............................................................................153

Gambar 4.17 : Pohon Angsana................................................................................153

Gambar 4.18 : Golden Trumpet...............................................................................153

Gambar 4.19 : Palem Raja......................................................................................153

Gambar 4.20 : Bambu..............................................................................................153

Gambar 4.21 : Pohon Cemara.................................................................................153

Gambar 4.22 : Teh Tehan........................................................................................156

Gambar 4.23 : Bunga Bougainvillea........................................................................156

Gambar 4.24 : Bung Kamboja.................................................................................156

Gambar 4.25 : Tanaman Dolaran............................................................................155

Gambar 4.26 : Stefanot...........................................................................................155

Gambar 4.27 : Rumput Jepang...............................................................................155

Gambar 4.28 : Bunga Teratai..................................................................................155

Gambar 4.29 : Melati Air..........................................................................................156

Gambar 4.30 : Grojogan..........................................................................................156

Gambar 4.31 : Kolam...............................................................................................156

Gambar 4.32 : Paving..............................................................................................157

Gambar 4.33 : Grass Block......................................................................................157

Gambar 4.33 : Penutup Tanah Batu Alam...............................................................157

Gambar 5.1 : Diagram Hubungan Permasalahan Dominan..................................160

Gambar 5.2 : Fish House.......................................................................................164









Gambar 5.11 : Denah LT.2 Fish House...................................................................167

Gambar 5.12 : Denah Lantai.1 Fish House..............................................................167

Gambar 5.13 : Potongan Fish House.......................................................................167



Gambar 5.16 : Tangga House..................................................................................168

Gambar 5.17 : Movable Windows Wall....................................................................169


Gambar 5.19 : Sun Shiding dan Layering Pada Meera Sky Garden House............170

Gambar 5.20 : Cross Ventilation..............................................................................170

Gambar 5.21 : Retaining Wall..................................................................................171

Gambar 5.22 : Pohon Palem Raja...........................................................................157

Gambar 5.23 : Pohon Bambu..................................................................................157

Gambar 5.24 : Pohon Cemara.................................................................................157

Gambar 5.25 : Pohon Angsana...............................................................................157

Gambar 5.26 : Bukaan Melalui Jendela...................................................................157

Gambar 5.27 : Cantilever.........................................................................................158

Gambar 5.28 : Atap Ventilasi...................................................................................158

Gambar 5.29 : R. Tamu...........................................................................................159

Gambar 5.30 : R. Tamu...........................................................................................159

Gambar 5.31 : R. Tamu...........................................................................................159

Gambar 5.32 : R. Tamu...........................................................................................160

Gambar 5.33 : R. Makan..........................................................................................160

Gambar 5.34 : Dapur...............................................................................................160

Gambar 5.35 : R. Keluarga......................................................................................160

Gambar 5.36 : R. Tidur............................................................................................160

Gambar 5.37 : R. Tamu...........................................................................................160

Gambar 5.38 : R.Keluarga.......................................................................................161



Gambar 5.41 : R.Tidur.............................................................................................161


Gambar 5.43 : R.Tamu............................................................................................161

Gambar 5.44 : R.Tamu............................................................................................162

Gambar 5.45 : R.Tamu............................................................................................162

Gambar 5.46 : R.Tamu............................................................................................162

Gambar 5.47 : R.Tamu............................................................................................162

Gambar 5.48 : R.Tamu............................................................................................162

Gambar 5.49 : R.Tamu............................................................................................162

Gambar 5.50 : R.Tamu............................................................................................163


Gambar 5.52 : R.Tidur.............................................................................................163

Gambar 5.53 : R.Tidur.............................................................................................163


Gambar 5.55 : Dapur...............................................................................................163

Gambar 5.56 : Taman Air Mancur............................................................................163

Gambar 5.57 : Burung Berkicau...............................................................................164

Gambar 5.58 : Burung Berkicau...............................................................................164

Gambar 5.59 : Tekstur Kayu....................................................................................167

Gambar 5.60 : Tekstur Batu.....................................................................................167


Gambar 5.62 : Taman..............................................................................................167

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 3.1 : Pelaku Kegiatan.................................................................................43

Tabel 3.2 : Studi Fasilitas.....................................................................................53

Tabel 3.3 : Teori Pola Ruang...............................................................................55

Tabel 3.4 : Studi Besaran Ruang.........................................................................64

Tabel 3.5 : Studi Besaran Ruang.........................................................................71

Tabel 3.6 : Studi Perhitungan Lahan Parkir.........................................................73

Tabel 3.7 : Studi Perhitungan Lahan Parkir.........................................................74

Tabel 3.8 : Studi Kebutuhan Septitank...............................................................108

Tabel 3.9 : Tabel Pemilihan Tapak Makro.........................................................115

Tabel 3.10 : Tabel Pemilihan Lokasi Tapak.........................................................118

Tabel 4.1 : Studi Perhitungan Lahan Parkir.......................................................128

Tabel 4.2 : Studi Perhitungan Lahan Parkir.......................................................129

Tabel 4.3 : Tabel Pemilihan Vegetasi................................................................144

Tabel 5.1 : Material............................................................................................164

Tabel 5.2 : Jenis Aromatheraphy.......................................................................165

Tabel 5.3 : Jenis Vegetasi..................................................................................166

LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM - …repository.unika.ac.id/2334/1/09.11.0052 Karuna Winasti COVER.pdf2.2.3 Spesifikasi Dan Persyaratan Desain ... Gambar 2.19 : Fitness Circles ... Alat

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