HUBUNGAN ANTARA RISIKO POSTUR KERJA DENGAN RISIKO KELUHAN MUSKULOSKELETAL PADA PEKERJA BAGIAN PEMOTONGAN BESI DI SENTRA INDUSTRI PANDE BESI PADAS KLATEN Skripsi ini Disusun Guna Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat untuk Memperoleh Ijazah S1 Kesehatan Masyarakat Disusun Oleh: JOKO SUWANTO J 410 130 018 PROGRAM STUDI KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA 2016
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HUBUNGAN ANTARA RISIKO POSTUR KERJA DENGAN RISIKOKELUHAN MUSKULOSKELETAL PADA PEKERJA BAGIAN
PEMOTONGAN BESI DI SENTRA INDUSTRI PANDE BESIPADAS KLATEN
Skripsi ini Disusun Guna Memenuhi Salah Satu Syaratuntuk Memperoleh Ijazah S1 Kesehatan Masyarakat
Disusun Oleh:
JOKO SUWANTOJ 410 130 018
PROGRAM STUDI KESEHATAN MASYARAKATFAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA2016
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JOKO SUWANTO J410130018
Relationship Between The Working Posture Risk With Risk Of ComplaintsMusculoskeletal Iron Workers In The Center Of Cutting The Manufacture OfIron Pande Padas Klaten.
ABSTRACTMusculoskeletal complaints is one of the occupational diseases that arise in theworkplace. Musculoskeletal complaints occur one of them due to work postures thatare not good. Posture is the position of the body segments working at the time ofdoing the job. This study aims to determine the relationship between the risk ofworking with risk posture Musculoskeletal complaints on the part of workers in themetal cutting industry Sentra Pande Besi Padas Klaten. This research method usingobservational design with cross sectional approach. Subject of the study a total of35 workers by using total sampling. REBA posture assessment and assessment usingMusculoskeletal using NBM. Statistical test using the Spearman Rank (Rho) with asignificant level (α≤0,05). Statistical test results between the risk posture of thework with risk Musculoskeletal complaints obtained significant values (p = 0.001)with a moderate level of closeness relationship (r = 0.551). The conclusions of thisstudy there was a significant association between the risk of working with riskposture Musculoskeletal complaints. It can be recommended that workers doingrepairs position at work, doing stretching and employers do repair work and carryout engineering work on the tool.
Key word : work posture, musculoskeletal, iron worker
BAB I PENDAHULUANA. Latar Belakang ............................................................................................. 1B. Rumusan Masalah ........................................................................................ 4C. Tujuan Penelitian ......................................................................................... 5D. Manfaat Penelitian ....................................................................................... 6
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKAA. Postur Kerja.................................................................................................. 8
1. Pengertian Postur Kerja .......................................................................... 82. Macam-macam Postur Kerja................................................................... 93. Pengukuran Postur Kerja ........................................................................ 11
C. Hubungan Postur Kerja Dengan Keluhan Muskuloskeletal ........................ 34D. Kerangka Teori ............................................................................................ 37E. Kerangka Konsep......................................................................................... 38F. Hipotesis ...................................................................................................... 39
BAB III METODE PENELITIANA. Jenis dan Rancangan Penelitian ................................................................... 40
1. Jenis Penelitian....................................................................................... 402. Rancangan Penelitian ............................................................................. 40
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B. Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian ...................................................................... 41C. Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian ................................................................... 41
1. Populasi .................................................................................................. 412. Sampel.................................................................................................... 413. Teknik Pengambilan Sampel.................................................................. 41
D. Variabel Penelitian ....................................................................................... 41E. Definisi Operasional Variabel...................................................................... 42F. Pengumpulan Data ....................................................................................... 45
1. Jenis Data ............................................................................................... 452. Sumber Data........................................................................................... 453. Teknik Pengumpulan Data..................................................................... 46
G. Langkah-langkah Penelitian......................................................................... 471. Istrumen Penelitian................................................................................. 472. Jalannya Penelitian................................................................................. 47
H. Pengolahan Data........................................................................................... 49I. Analisis Data ................................................................................................ 49
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIANA. Deskrispsi Lokasi Penelitian………………………………………………. 51B. Observasi lingkungan Kerja……………………………………………….. 51C. Analisis Univariat………………………………………………………….. 52
1. Karakteristik Subyek Penelitian……………………………………….. 522. Hasil Pengukuran Postur kerja………………………………………… 553. Hasil Pengukuran Risiko Keluhan Muskuloskeletal…………………... 56
D. Analisis Bivariat…………………………………………………………… 57Hubungan Risiko Postur Kerja dengan Risiko KeluhanMuskuloskeletal……………………………………………………….. 57
BAB V PEMBAHASANA. Faktor Lingkungan Kerja, Alat Kerja Dan Cara Kerja................................ 59B. Keterkaitan Antara Karakteristik Responden Dengan Keluhan
Muskuloskeletal........................................................................................... 601. Umur ..................................................................................................... 602. Indeks Masa Tubuh................................................................................ 623. Kebiasaan Merokok .............................................................................. 63
C. Hubungan Antara Risiko Postur Kerja Dengan Risiko KeluhanMuskuloskeletal .......................................................................................... 64
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BAB VI SIMPULAN dan SARANA. Simpulan ...................................................................................................... 68B. Saran ............................................................................................................ 69
DAFTAR PUSTAKALAMPIRAN
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel Halaman
1. Tabel 1 Ilustrasi skor awal group A ...................................................... 212. Tabel 2 Ilustrasi skor awal group B ...................................................... 223. Tabel 3 Skor untuk pembebanan atau Force ........................... .............. 224. Tabel 4 Skoring untuk jenis pegangan kontainer .................... ............... 235. Tabel 5 Skor C terhadap skor A dan Skor B .......................... ................ 246. Tabel 6 Skoring untuk jenis aktivitas otot .............................................. 257. Tabel 7 Standar kinerja berdasarkan skor akhir .................... ................. 258. Tabel 8 Klasifikasi subjektivitas tingkat risiko otot
skeletal berdasarkan total skor individu................................................. 369. Tabel 9 Standar kinerja berdasarkan skor akhir .................................... 4310. Tabel 10 Klasifikasi subjektifitas tingkat risiko sistem muskuloskeltal
berdasarkan total skor individu............................................................... 4411. Tabel 11 Pengukuran tingkat kekuatan korelasi (r) ............................... 5212. Tabel 12 Karakteristik subyek penelitian ............................................... 5513. Tabel 13 Deskripsi postur kerja pada pekerja bagian
pemotongan besi di sentra industri pande besi padas klaten .................. 5614. Tabel 14 Deskripsi tingkat risiko keluhan muskuloskeletal
pada pekerja bagian pemotongan besi di sentra industripande besi padas klaten ......................................................................... 57
1. Gambar 1 Ilustrasi posisi badan dan skoring.......................................... 152. Gambar 2 Ilustrasi posisi badan yang dapat mengubah skor .................. 163. Gambar 3 Ilustrasi posisi leher dan skoring............................................ 164. Gambar 4 Ilustrasi posisi leher yang dapat mengubah skor.................... 175. Gambar 5 Ilustrasi posisi kaki dan skoring ............................................. 176. Gambar 6 Ilustrasi posisi kaki yang dapat mengubah skor..................... 187. Gambar 7 Ilustrasi posisi lengan dan skor .............................................. 198. Gambar 8 Ilustrasi posisi lengan yang dapat mengubah skor ................. 209. Gambar 9 Ilustrasi posisi dan kisaran sudut lengan bawah dan skoring. 2010. Gambar 10 Ilustrasi posisi dan kisaran sudut pergelangan tangan dan
skoring .................................................................................................... 2011. Gambar 11 Ilustrasi posisi pergelangan tangan yang dapat merubah
skor.......................................................................................................... 2112. Gambar 12 Arus Proses Penilaian Dengan Metode REBA.................... 2613. Gambar 13 lembar kerja kuesioner individu Nordic Body map ... ......... 3514. Gambar 14 Kerangka Teori..................................................................... 3915. Gambar 15 Kerangka Konsep ................................................................. 4016. Gambar 16 Rancangan Penelitian ........................................................... 4117. Gambar 17 Keterkaitan Antara Umur Dengan Risiko Keluhan
Muskuloskeletal .................................................................... ................. 5618. Gambar 18 Keterkaitan Antara IMT Dengan Risiko Keluhan
Muskuloskeletal ..................................................................................... 5619. Gambar 19 Keterkaitan Antara Kebiasaan Merokok Dengan
1. Pernyataan Kesediaan Menjadi Responden2. Formulir Penilaian Postur Kerja dengan REBA3. Kuesioner Penelitian Nordic Body Map (NBM)4. Tabulasi Data Perhitungan Dengan Spss5. Lampiran Dokumentasi Penelitian Saat Proses Pemotongan Besi
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DAFTAR SINGKATAN
DEPKES: Departemen KesehatanILO : International Labour OrganizationIMT : Indeks Masa TubuhISO : International Organization StandardizationK3 : Kesehatan dan Keselamatan KerjaLBP : Low Back PainLFS : Labour Force SurveyMSDs : Musculoskeletal DisordersNBM : Nordic Body MapOHS : Occupational Health and SafetyOWAS : Ovako Working Posture Analysis SystemPAK : Penyakit Akibat KerjaREBA : Rapid Entire Body AssessmentRULA : Rapid Upper Limb AssessmentUMKM : Usaha Mikro Kecil Dan MenengahUU RI : Undang-Undang Republik IndonesiaWHO : World Health Organization