Diversifikasi Usaha Pe(Tani) & Konsumsi Pangan · PDF filepangan pokok tertentu (beras) • Memperbaiki komposisi gizi pangan yang dikonsumsi • Mengikuti trend gaya hidup ....

Diversifikasi Usaha Pe(Tani) & Konsumsi Pangan

Benyamin Lakitan

FGD Diversifikasi Pangan

Palembang, 1 Oktober 2013

Deskripsi

Diversifikasi Usaha Pe(Tani)

• On Farm (usaha tani): menambah ragam jenis komoditas

• Off Farm: tambahan usaha di luar usaha tani

Diversifikasi Konsumsi Pangan

• Alternatif pangan pokok

• Tambahan porsi dan ragam pangan non-pokok (lauk)

Alasan / Tujuan

Diversifikasi Usaha Pe(Tani)

• Memperkecil resiko gagal usaha tani

• Meningkatkan pendapatan

• Memanfaatkan waktu luang dan/atau aset yang dimiliki

• Menjaga keberlanjutan usaha tani keluarga

• Menjaga kelestarian alam

Diversifikasi Konsumsi Pangan

• Mengurangi ketergantungan pada pangan pokok tertentu (beras)

• Memperbaiki komposisi gizi pangan yang dikonsumsi

• Mengikuti trend gaya hidup

Diversifikasi Usaha Pe(Tani)

Lange et al. (2013)

• Proximity and accessibility to urban consumer markets encourages farm holders to continue farming activity.

• Farmers with diversification activities are 39.5 percent. Of those diversifying, 34.3 percent on direct marketing of own products, 31.3 percent on contract work, 25.4 percent on tourism, and 9.0 percent on food processing.

• survey on 147 farms in Eastern Germany

Hansson et al. (2013)

• Two underlying motives for starting a venture outside conventional agriculture, namely ‘business development for reasons to reduce risk and to use idle resources’ and ‘business development for social and lifestyle reasons’

• Motives for starting new ventures were dependent on the situation of the farm family

• From 309 Swedish farmers who self-reported

Zorom et al. (2013)

• Sahelian farmers tend to diversify their activities to reduce their vulnerability to external shocks.

• Main factors of discrimination (for diversification) were family size, access to small irrigation plots and number of animals.

• Surveys in northern Burkina Faso.

Kasem and Thapa (2011)

• Of total agricultural land, 86.29 percent were cultivated with rice (mono-cropping) and average acreage per household was 19.26 rai or 3.08 hectares. (1 rai = 0.16 ha)

• Limited impact of the crop diversification program is attributed primarily to the variation in land and labor resources available at the farmers’ disposal as well as soil suitability.

• 245 farm households in Nakhon Pathom Province, Thailand

Barbieri and Mahoney (2009)

• To diversify farm incomes in an effort to retain farmers in business, attract new entrants to agriculture and promote regional development.

• The generation of additional income, the continuance of farming and ranching, and the enhancement of quality of life are among the most important diversification goals in Texas.

Rahman (2009)

• Crop diversification should be a desired strategy for agricultural growth in Bangladesh

Weinberger and Lumpkin (2007)

• Horticulture can offer good opportunities for poverty reduction because it increases income and generates employment, care must be taken that small and poor farmers are not excluded from the opportunities.

MacLeod and Moller (2006)

• There is evidence of acceleration in intensification and diversification in the past decade in New Zealand.

• Diversification into forestry and deer farming.

Meert et al. (2005)

• Off-farm employment is often the most accessible strategy, not only for the survival of the household, but also for supplementing the income necessary to maintain the farm activities among Belgian farmers.

USAHA TANI KONVENSIONAL

DIVERSIFIKASI KOMODITAS

DIVERSIFIKASI USAHA

PENDAPATAN PETANI

KONVENSIONAL

TAMBAHAN PENDAPATAN

TAMBAHAN PENDAPATAN

KELANJUTAN USAHA TANI

KEUNTUNGAN EKOLOGIS

PENINGKATAN STATUS SOSIAL

INVESTASI NON-USAHA

TANI

KESEJAHTERAAN PETANI

KELESTARIAN LINGKUNGAN

GREEN ECONOMY

Diversifikasi Konsumsi Pangan

Rosmeri dan Monica (2013)

• Tepung ‘mocaf’ dan tepung umbi gadung (Dioscorea hispida) dapat digunakan sebagai bahan campuran (20 - 40 persen) tepung gandum dalam pembuatan mie basah, mie kering maupun mie instan.

Zuraida dan Supriati (2001)

• Ubi jalar dapat berperan sebagai alternatif sumber karbohidrat sehingga mempunyai peranan penting dalam upaya diversifikasi pangan dan dapat mengurangi konsumsi beras.

Zuraida (2003)

• Selain sebagai tanaman sumber karbohidrat yang produktif, ubi jalar juga butuh pasokan pupuk dan air yang lebih rendah, serta mempunyai daya adaptasi yang luas dibandingkan dengan padi, jagung, maupun kentang.

Haliza et al. (2010)

• Kacang tunggak mempunyai potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai pengganti kedelai, misalnya untuk pembuatan tempe.

Pingali (2006)

• Diversification of diets away from the traditional dominance of rice with rising incomes is expected and observed, current food consumption patterns are showing signs of convergence towards a Western diet.

• Rapid spread of global supermarket chains and fast food restaurants is reinforcing the above trends.

• Asian agriculture is on an irreversible path leading away from its traditional pre-occupation with cereal crop production, especially rice, towards a production system that is becoming increasingly commercialized and diversified.

• “linking the consumers’ plate to the farmers’ plow”

SAGU

UBI JALAR

SINGKONG

JAGUNG

BERAS GANDUM

KENTANG

DIVERSIFIKASI

Niehof (2004)

• Diversification is done for different reasons and in different ways, depending on the initial resource-base of the household.

• There is no simple relation of diversification to poverty or wealth. Income diversification is not just the doubtful prerogative of the poor but seems to be a pervading inclination of all income groups, least of the middle groups (U-shaped pattern).

http://benyaminlakitan.com