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Sensor dan Transduser Rudi Susanto
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Definisi Sensor dan transduser - Di Sini Rudi Susanto ... · Pressure, Torque. Choosing a ... Transduction Isyarat input Isyarat output. Passive Sensor •Mengkonversi sifat-sifat/isyarat

Mar 18, 2019

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Page 1: Definisi Sensor dan transduser - Di Sini Rudi Susanto ... · Pressure, Torque. Choosing a ... Transduction Isyarat input Isyarat output. Passive Sensor •Mengkonversi sifat-sifat/isyarat

Sensor dan TransduserRudi Susanto

Page 2: Definisi Sensor dan transduser - Di Sini Rudi Susanto ... · Pressure, Torque. Choosing a ... Transduction Isyarat input Isyarat output. Passive Sensor •Mengkonversi sifat-sifat/isyarat

Definisi Sensor dan transduser

Sensor adalah suatu peralatan yangberfungsi untuk mendeteksi gejala-gejalaatau sinyal-sinyal yang berasal dariperubahan suatu energi seperti energilistrik, energi fisika, energi kimia, energibiologi, energi mekanik dan sebagainya

Page 3: Definisi Sensor dan transduser - Di Sini Rudi Susanto ... · Pressure, Torque. Choosing a ... Transduction Isyarat input Isyarat output. Passive Sensor •Mengkonversi sifat-sifat/isyarat

Contoh; Camera sebagai sensor penglihatan, telinga sebagai sensor pendengaran, kulitsebagai sensor peraba, LDR (light dependent resistance) sebagai sensor cahaya, dan lainnya.

Transduser adalah sebuah alat yang biladigerakan oleh suatu energi di dalam sebuahsistem transmisi, akan menyalurkan energi tersebut dalam bentuk yang sama atau dalam bentuk yang berlainan ke sistem transmisiberikutnya”. Transmisi energi ini bisa berupalistrik, mekanik, kimia, optic (radiasi) atau thermal (panas).

Page 4: Definisi Sensor dan transduser - Di Sini Rudi Susanto ... · Pressure, Torque. Choosing a ... Transduction Isyarat input Isyarat output. Passive Sensor •Mengkonversi sifat-sifat/isyarat

Skema Input Output Tranduser

Page 5: Definisi Sensor dan transduser - Di Sini Rudi Susanto ... · Pressure, Torque. Choosing a ... Transduction Isyarat input Isyarat output. Passive Sensor •Mengkonversi sifat-sifat/isyarat

Detectable PhenomenonStimulus Quantity

Acoustic Wave (amplitude, phase, polarization), Spectrum, Wave

Velocity

Biological & Chemical Fluid Concentrations (Gas or Liquid)

Electric Charge, Voltage, Current, Electric Field (amplitude,

phase,

polarization), Conductivity, Permittivity

Magnetic Magnetic Field (amplitude, phase, polarization), Flux,

Permeability

Optical Refractive Index, Reflectivity, Absorption

Thermal Temperature, Flux, Specific Heat, Thermal Conductivity

Mechanical Position, Velocity, Acceleration, Force, Strain, Stress,

Pressure, Torque

Page 6: Definisi Sensor dan transduser - Di Sini Rudi Susanto ... · Pressure, Torque. Choosing a ... Transduction Isyarat input Isyarat output. Passive Sensor •Mengkonversi sifat-sifat/isyarat

Choosing a Sensor

Page 7: Definisi Sensor dan transduser - Di Sini Rudi Susanto ... · Pressure, Torque. Choosing a ... Transduction Isyarat input Isyarat output. Passive Sensor •Mengkonversi sifat-sifat/isyarat

Sensor Block Diagram

• Blok diagram sensor

measurandPrimary

Transduction

Secondary

Transduction

Isyarat

input

Isyarat

output

Page 8: Definisi Sensor dan transduser - Di Sini Rudi Susanto ... · Pressure, Torque. Choosing a ... Transduction Isyarat input Isyarat output. Passive Sensor •Mengkonversi sifat-sifat/isyarat

Passive Sensor

• Mengkonversi sifat-sifat/isyarat fisik atau kimia ke dalam isyarat yang lain tanpa bantuan sumber energi

Page 9: Definisi Sensor dan transduser - Di Sini Rudi Susanto ... · Pressure, Torque. Choosing a ... Transduction Isyarat input Isyarat output. Passive Sensor •Mengkonversi sifat-sifat/isyarat

Contoh

Page 10: Definisi Sensor dan transduser - Di Sini Rudi Susanto ... · Pressure, Torque. Choosing a ... Transduction Isyarat input Isyarat output. Passive Sensor •Mengkonversi sifat-sifat/isyarat

Active Sensor

• Mengkonversi sifat-sifat/isyarat fisik atau kimia ke dalam isyarat yang lain dengan bantuan sumber energi

• Merupakan pilihan utama untuk isyarat-isyarat yang lemah/kecil

Page 11: Definisi Sensor dan transduser - Di Sini Rudi Susanto ... · Pressure, Torque. Choosing a ... Transduction Isyarat input Isyarat output. Passive Sensor •Mengkonversi sifat-sifat/isyarat

Active Sensor

• Blok Diagram Active Sensor

measurandPrimary

Transduction

Secondary

Transduction

Isyarat

input

Isyarat

output

Auxiliary Energy

Source

Page 12: Definisi Sensor dan transduser - Di Sini Rudi Susanto ... · Pressure, Torque. Choosing a ... Transduction Isyarat input Isyarat output. Passive Sensor •Mengkonversi sifat-sifat/isyarat
Page 13: Definisi Sensor dan transduser - Di Sini Rudi Susanto ... · Pressure, Torque. Choosing a ... Transduction Isyarat input Isyarat output. Passive Sensor •Mengkonversi sifat-sifat/isyarat

Analog Output

• Active sensor di industri elektronika mempunyai standar isyarat listrik baik analog (berupa tegangan atau arus) maupun digital

Page 14: Definisi Sensor dan transduser - Di Sini Rudi Susanto ... · Pressure, Torque. Choosing a ... Transduction Isyarat input Isyarat output. Passive Sensor •Mengkonversi sifat-sifat/isyarat

Digital Output

• Computer Based atau Microprocessor

Page 15: Definisi Sensor dan transduser - Di Sini Rudi Susanto ... · Pressure, Torque. Choosing a ... Transduction Isyarat input Isyarat output. Passive Sensor •Mengkonversi sifat-sifat/isyarat

Sensor dan Cara Kerjanya

Page 16: Definisi Sensor dan transduser - Di Sini Rudi Susanto ... · Pressure, Torque. Choosing a ... Transduction Isyarat input Isyarat output. Passive Sensor •Mengkonversi sifat-sifat/isyarat

Positional Sensors: potentiometer

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Processing circuit

Can be Linear or Rotational

Page 17: Definisi Sensor dan transduser - Di Sini Rudi Susanto ... · Pressure, Torque. Choosing a ... Transduction Isyarat input Isyarat output. Passive Sensor •Mengkonversi sifat-sifat/isyarat

Positional Sensors: LVDTLinear Variable

Differential

Transformer

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Page 18: Definisi Sensor dan transduser - Di Sini Rudi Susanto ... · Pressure, Torque. Choosing a ... Transduction Isyarat input Isyarat output. Passive Sensor •Mengkonversi sifat-sifat/isyarat

Positional Sensors: Inductive Proximity Switch

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• Detects the presence of metallic objects (non-

contact) via changing inductance

• Sensor has 4 main parts: field producing Oscillator

via a Coil; Detection Circuit which detects change in

the field; and Output Circuit generating a signal (NO

or NC)Used in traffic lights (inductive loop buried under the road).

Sense objects in dirty environment.

Does not work for non-metallic objects. Omni-directional.

Page 19: Definisi Sensor dan transduser - Di Sini Rudi Susanto ... · Pressure, Torque. Choosing a ... Transduction Isyarat input Isyarat output. Passive Sensor •Mengkonversi sifat-sifat/isyarat

Positional Sensors: Rotary Encoders

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• Incremental and absolute types

• Incremental encoder needs a counter, loses absolute

position between power glitches, must be re-homed

• Absolute encoders common in CD/DVD drives

Page 20: Definisi Sensor dan transduser - Di Sini Rudi Susanto ... · Pressure, Torque. Choosing a ... Transduction Isyarat input Isyarat output. Passive Sensor •Mengkonversi sifat-sifat/isyarat

Temperature Sensors

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• Bimetallic switch (electro-mechanical) – used in

thermostats. Can be “creep” or “snap” action.

• Thermistors (thermally sensitive resistors); Platinum

Resistance Thermometer (PRT), very high accuracy.

Creep-action: coil or spiral that unwinds or coils with changing

temperature

Page 21: Definisi Sensor dan transduser - Di Sini Rudi Susanto ... · Pressure, Torque. Choosing a ... Transduction Isyarat input Isyarat output. Passive Sensor •Mengkonversi sifat-sifat/isyarat

Thermocouples

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• Two dissimilar metals induce voltage difference (few

mV per 10K) – electro-thermal or Seebeck effect

• Use op-amp to process/amplify the voltage

• Absolute accuracy of 1K is difficult

Page 22: Definisi Sensor dan transduser - Di Sini Rudi Susanto ... · Pressure, Torque. Choosing a ... Transduction Isyarat input Isyarat output. Passive Sensor •Mengkonversi sifat-sifat/isyarat

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Page 23: Definisi Sensor dan transduser - Di Sini Rudi Susanto ... · Pressure, Torque. Choosing a ... Transduction Isyarat input Isyarat output. Passive Sensor •Mengkonversi sifat-sifat/isyarat

Light sensors: photoconductive cells

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• Light dependent resistor (LDR) cell

Page 24: Definisi Sensor dan transduser - Di Sini Rudi Susanto ... · Pressure, Torque. Choosing a ... Transduction Isyarat input Isyarat output. Passive Sensor •Mengkonversi sifat-sifat/isyarat

Light level sensitive switch

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Page 25: Definisi Sensor dan transduser - Di Sini Rudi Susanto ... · Pressure, Torque. Choosing a ... Transduction Isyarat input Isyarat output. Passive Sensor •Mengkonversi sifat-sifat/isyarat

Photojunction devices

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photodiodephototransistor

Page 26: Definisi Sensor dan transduser - Di Sini Rudi Susanto ... · Pressure, Torque. Choosing a ... Transduction Isyarat input Isyarat output. Passive Sensor •Mengkonversi sifat-sifat/isyarat

Photovoltaic Solar Cells

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• Can convert about 20% of light power into electricity

• Voltage is low (diode drop, ~0.6V)

Solar power is 1.4kW/m^2

Page 27: Definisi Sensor dan transduser - Di Sini Rudi Susanto ... · Pressure, Torque. Choosing a ... Transduction Isyarat input Isyarat output. Passive Sensor •Mengkonversi sifat-sifat/isyarat

Photomultiplier tubes (PMT)

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• Most sensitive of light sensors (can detect individual

photons)

• Acts as a current source

electrons

Page 28: Definisi Sensor dan transduser - Di Sini Rudi Susanto ... · Pressure, Torque. Choosing a ... Transduction Isyarat input Isyarat output. Passive Sensor •Mengkonversi sifat-sifat/isyarat

Motion sensors/transducers

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• Switches, solenoids, relays, motors, etc.

• Motors

• DC

• Brushed/brushless

• Servo

• Stepper motors

• AC

Stepper motor

Brushed motor – permanent magnets on armature, rotor acts as electromagnet

Brushless motor – permanent magnet on the rotor, electromagnets on armature are

switched

Page 29: Definisi Sensor dan transduser - Di Sini Rudi Susanto ... · Pressure, Torque. Choosing a ... Transduction Isyarat input Isyarat output. Passive Sensor •Mengkonversi sifat-sifat/isyarat

Sound transducers

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microphone speaker

• Note: voice coil can also be used to generate fast

motion

Page 30: Definisi Sensor dan transduser - Di Sini Rudi Susanto ... · Pressure, Torque. Choosing a ... Transduction Isyarat input Isyarat output. Passive Sensor •Mengkonversi sifat-sifat/isyarat

Piezo transducers

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• Detect motion (high and low frequency)

• Sound (lab this week), pressure, fast motion

• Cheap, reliable but has a very limited range of

motion

Page 31: Definisi Sensor dan transduser - Di Sini Rudi Susanto ... · Pressure, Torque. Choosing a ... Transduction Isyarat input Isyarat output. Passive Sensor •Mengkonversi sifat-sifat/isyarat

Tugas!

1.Teori Pengantar Sensor2.Rangkaian Elektronika Sensor3.Prinsip Kerja4.Algoritma Program dalam

Implementasi