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PELAKSANAAN INVESTIGASI KECELAKAAN YK, 2010
33

Conducting Accident Investigation

Mar 06, 2015

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Page 1: Conducting Accident Investigation

PELAKSANAAN INVESTIGASI KECELAKAAN

YK, 2010

Page 2: Conducting Accident Investigation

PROSEDUR INVESTIGASI KECELAKAAN DI TEMPAT KERJA

Menentukan :

tingkat kecelakaan cedera, kerugian besarnya permasalahan kecelakaan yang

terjadi besarnya kerugian termasuk kompensasi

biaya akar penyebab tanpa mencari kambing

hitam faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan

kelemahan pelaksanaan sistem manajemen yang belum dilakukan

Menentukan rekomendasi untuk tindakan perbaikan bagi manajemen di waktu datang

Page 3: Conducting Accident Investigation

BAGAIMANA MEMULAI PROGRAM INVESTIGASI KECELAKAAN

Sumber Daya Manusia petugas investigator

Pengaturan area tanggung jawab & kewenangan invetigator

Prosedur investigasi, perlengkapan penunjang

Training untuk peningkatan ketrampilan melakukan investigasi

Page 4: Conducting Accident Investigation

LANGKAH-LANGKAN ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION

Respond to all the emergency and positively Collect pertinent information about the incident Analyze all significant causes Develop and take remedial actions Review findings and reccomendation

Page 5: Conducting Accident Investigation

Incident Investigation Flow Chart

Page 6: Conducting Accident Investigation

Mengumpulkan data terkait dengan investigasi kecelakaan

Segera kunjungi lokasi kecelakaan sebelum lokasi tersebut ‘terganggu” bukti-bukti fisik akan berubah.

Ambil sampel atau contoh dari kecelakaan kerja Buat gambaran/rekaman terhadap seluruh fisik kejadian

kecelakaan Tentukan bagian mana dari kejadian kecelakaan yang

harus anda utamakan untuk menganalisa kejadian kecelakaan.

Identifikasi pihak yang berhubungan dengan kejadian kecelakaan .

Lakukan interview kepada saksi . Perhatikan bukti-bukti fisik & dokumen yang berkaitan

dengan kejadian kecelakaan Review seluruh sumber-sumber informasi penting yang

berkaitan dengan kejadian kecelakaaan

Page 7: Conducting Accident Investigation

FAKTA DATA

OPINI(CIRCUMTACIAL EVIDENCE).

BUKTI LANGSUNG(HARD EVIDENCE).

PERNYATAAN SAKSI (WITNESS STATEMENT).

Page 8: Conducting Accident Investigation

Pengumpulan Data Melalui Wawancara

1. Investigator perlu memiliki ketrampilan wawancara

yang efektif. 2. Hal ini akan memudahkan proses

pengumpulan data/fakta kejadian kecelakaan dan proses investigasi kecelakaan secara keseluruhan.

Page 9: Conducting Accident Investigation

Latihan ketrampilan wawancara dalam investigasi kecelakaan

Anda berperan sebagai seorang mahasiswa yang baru saja mengalami kecelakaan jatuh dari ojek. Saat ini anda masih di PKM utk menjalani pengobatan.

Kejadian ini mengakibatkan anda terluka di bagian lengan kiri dan kepala dekat dengan bagian telinga mengalami cidera ringan. Anda masih merasa kesakitan krn cidera ini.

Anda terjatuh ketika naik ojek, krn anda terburu-buru sudah terlambat utk mengikuti perkuliahan. Anda tidak menggunakan helm, krn tidak disediakan oleh tukang ojek. Dan menurut anda memang di lingkungan kampus masih relatif aman

Anda ada seorang petugas K3L kampus yang akan melakukan wawancara kpd anda utk keperluan investigasi kecelakaan

Page 10: Conducting Accident Investigation

Anda berperan sebagai petugas K3L kampus, yang harus melakukan wawancara dalam rangka investigasi kecelakaan.

Kejadian kecelakaan adalah jatuhnya seorang mahasiswa dari ojek.

Anda merasa bhw bukan pertama kali kecelakaan ini terjadi, tapi akhir2 ini jumlah kecelakaan motor roda 2 meningkat.

Anda harus mendapatkan informasi terkait dengan kecelakaan sehingga anda mendapatkan data untuk analisis dan laporan kecelakaan

Latihan ketrampilan wawancara dalam investigasi kecelakaan

Page 11: Conducting Accident Investigation

WAWANCARA KORBAN

Apa yg anda lakukan pertama kali ketika bertemu korban ?

Apa yang anda ketahui ttg korban nama, unit kerja ?

Dimana, kapan anda melakukan wawancara ?

Informasi apa yg anda berhasil peroleh dari korban ?

Hambatan yg anda temui pada saat menggali informasi ?

Page 12: Conducting Accident Investigation

KETRAMPILAN WAWANCARA

Menggali informasi adalah tidak mudah, terutama terhadap korban atau saksi kecelakaan. Beberapa hambatan dalam melakukan wawancara pada investigasi kecelakaan, yaitu: kendala waktu, tempat, faktor perusahaan, psikologis & sosial.

Page 13: Conducting Accident Investigation

MELAKUKAN WAWANCARA INVESTIGASI KECELAKAAN

Wawancara harus dilakukan “as private as possible”

Dilakukan di waktu dan tempat yang nyaman & aman

Wawancara dilakukan dengan “put the person at ease”

Informasi yang digali diusahakan merupakan opini pribadi atau apa yang dia (secara pribadi) rasakan, ketahui atau dialami pada saat kecelakaan. Jangan menilai salah atau benar, jangan melakukan interupsi.

Page 14: Conducting Accident Investigation

Berikan pertanyaan yang dianggap perlu, berkaitan dengan kejadian kecelakaan pada saat yang tepat. Jangan terburu-buru pada kesimpulan, atau mengarahkan pada opini tertentu.

Berikan beberapa feedback terhadap informasi disampaikan

Catat setiap informasi penting dengan segera Gunakan alat bantu visual/

rekonstruksi/peragaan Akhiri wawancara dengan reaksi yang positif Berikan keleluasaan untuk menyampaikan

informasi lain yang belum disampaikan, tegaskan bahwa terbuka selalu untuk itu.

MELAKUKAN WAWANCARA INVESTIGASI KECELAKAAN

Page 15: Conducting Accident Investigation

Investigation Strategy

Gather information Search for & establish facts Isolate essential contributing factors Find root causes Determine corrective actions Implement corrective actions

Page 16: Conducting Accident Investigation

Secure the Scene

Eliminate the hazards: Control chemicals De-energize De-pressurize Light it up Shore it up Ventilate

Page 17: Conducting Accident Investigation

Provide Care to the Injured

Ensure that medical care is provided to the injured people before proceeding with the investigation.

Page 18: Conducting Accident Investigation

Isolate the Scene

Barricade the area of the accident, and keep everyone out!

The only persons allowed inside the barricade should be Rescue/EMS, law enforcement, and investigators

Protect the evidence until investigation is complete

Page 19: Conducting Accident Investigation

Ask “What Happened”

Get a brief overview of the situation from witnesses and victims.

Not a detailed report yet, just enough to understand the basics of what happened.

Page 20: Conducting Accident Investigation

Interview Victims & Witnesses

Interview as soon as possible after the incident Do not interrupt medical

care to interview Interview each person

separately Do not allow witnesses to

confer prior to interview

Page 21: Conducting Accident Investigation

The Interview

Put the person at ease. People may be reluctant to

discuss the incident, particularly if they think someone will get in trouble

Reassure them that this is a fact-finding process only. Remind them that these

facts will be used to prevent a recurrence of the incident

Page 22: Conducting Accident Investigation

The Interview

Take Notes! Ask open-ended questions

“What did you see?” “What happened?”

Do not make suggestions If the person is stumbling over a word or

concept, do not help them out

Page 23: Conducting Accident Investigation

The Interview

Use closed-ended questions later to gain more detail. After the person has provided their

explanation, these type of questions can be used to clarify

“Where were you standing?” “What time did it happen?”

Page 24: Conducting Accident Investigation

The Interview

Don’t ask leading questions Bad: “Why was the forklift operator driving

recklessly?” Good: “How was the forklift operator

driving?” If the witness begins to offer reasons,

excuses, or explanations, politely decline that knowledge and remind them to stick with the facts

Page 25: Conducting Accident Investigation

The Interview

Summarize what you have been told. Correct misunderstandings of the events

between you and the witness Ask the witness/victim for

recommendations to prevent recurrence These people will often have the best

solutions to the problem

Page 26: Conducting Accident Investigation

The Interview

Get a written, signed statement from the witness It is best if the witness writes their own

statement; interview notes signed by the witness may be used if the witness refuses to write a statement

Page 27: Conducting Accident Investigation

Interview Exercise

Read the scenario handout Team up in pairs One person plays the investigator One person plays the witness

Page 28: Conducting Accident Investigation

Gather Evidence

Examine the accident scene. Look for things that will help you understand what happened: Dents, cracks, scrapes, splits, etc. in

equipment Tire tracks, footprints, etc. Spills or leaks Scattered or broken parts Etc.

Page 29: Conducting Accident Investigation

Gather Evidence

Diagram the scene Use blank paper or graph

paper. Mark the location of all pertinent items; equipment, parts, spills, persons, etc.

Note distances and sizes, pressures and temperatures

Note direction (mark north on the map)

Page 30: Conducting Accident Investigation

Gather Evidence

Take photographs Photograph any items or scenes which

may provide an understanding of what happened to anyone who was not there.

Photograph any items which will not remain, or which will be cleaned up (spills, tire tracks, footprints, etc.)

35mm cameras, Polaroids, and video cameras are all acceptable. Digital cameras are not recommended -

digital images can be easily altered

Page 31: Conducting Accident Investigation

Review Records

Check training records Was appropriate training provided? When was training provided?

Check equipment maintenance records Is regular PM or service provided? Is there a recurring type of failure?

Check accident records Have there been similar incidents or

injuries involving other employees?

Page 32: Conducting Accident Investigation

ISOLATE FACT FROM FICTION

Use NORMS-based analysis of information Not an interpretation Observable Reliable Measurable Specific

If an item meets all five of above, it is a fact.

Page 33: Conducting Accident Investigation

INVESTIGATION TRAPS Put your emotions aside!

Don’t let your feelings interfere - stick to the facts! (The Eyes Glazed

Over) Do not pre-judge.

Find out the what really happened. Do not let your beliefs cloud the

facts. Never assume anything. Do not make any judgements.