Top Banner
7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 1/155 NFXJ F@FHJAU XKFCFUDCFRF\FALZ (Nuehfi`j fih Xrfeiein gdr Japcdaji!" LF#$ RJ\%D##JC \J@\Z&XAJ#X J'FA&#FX&D# NZ&HJ @DARZXJ\ CEXJ\F@U @dapecjh ly A.N.\fnkfvfi Rrei`epfc Nf!j F`fhjay Fhhrjss= O.\. FZHEXD\EZA , E GCDD\, XKFCFUDCFRF\FALZ.R.D REI-7;772: ^jl !"j= ###.$%"j%&%hj'(.!).)j" L*+$=$%"j%&%hj'!.l*+$s+" j-'%!*= $%"j%&%hj'!$'%!*.&+' Rkdij = 28;<5 <0;22:, <0782>, <07025, Adlecjs 588>2:5252, ;:8><0782>, 585:62>0>5, 5;8>;80;;5, 588>6<2:76
155

Computer Literacy Guide

Feb 18, 2018

Download

Documents

GATE ACADEMY
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Page 1: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 1/155

NFXJ F@FHJAU XKFCFUDCFRF\FALZ

(Nuehfi`j fih Xrfeiein gdr Japcdaji!"

LF#$ RJ\%D##JC \J@\Z&XAJ#XJ'FA&#FX&D#

NZ&HJ

@DARZXJ\

CEXJ\F@U @dapecjh ly

A.N.\fnkfvfi

Rrei`epfc Nf!j F`fhjay

Fhhrjss= O.\. FZHEXD\EZA , E GCDD\, XKFCFUDCFRF\FALZ.R.DREI-7;772: ^jl !"j= ###.$%"j%&%hj'(.!).)j"L*+$=$%"j%&%hj'!.l*+$s+"j-'%!*= $%"j%&%hj'!$'%!*.&+'Rkdij = 28;<5 <0;22:, <0782>, <07025, Adlecjs 588>2:5252, ;:8><0782>,

585:62>0>5, 5;8>;80;;5, 588>6<2:76

Page 2: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 2/155

Ei"draf!edi Xj`kidcdny

d Eigdraftedi Xj kidcdny (EX) dpjis up tkj wdihjr wfih dg adhjri `daauie`fteditj`kiequjs.

d Xkj hjvjcdpajit fih heggusedi dg EX frj lfsjh di `daputjrs fih tkjer ncdlfc ijtwdro -Xkj Eitjrijt.

d Jvjry ajaljr dg tkj ijw njijrftedi skduch lj flcj td kfihcj `daputjrs jfsecy.d Xkj hjvjcdpajit dg ijw typjs dg `daputjr kfrhwfrj fih sdgtwfrj kfs `ditrelutjh td

tkj sprjfh dg `daputjr fppce`ftedis.d rnfie!ftedis dg fcc se!js frj puttein tkj `daputjr td wdro.d "jdpcj ei fcc wfcos dg cegj ijjh td oidw fldut `daputjrs eg tkjy frj td gui`tedi

jggj`tevjcy ei fi eigdraftedi re`k sd`ejty.d #jjhcjss td ajitedi tkft tkj $fioein Eihustry kfs fcsd fhdptjh tkes tj`kidcdne`fc

pcftgdra gdr tkjer jggj`tevj gui`tediein.%daputjr oidwcjhnj es vjry eapdrtfit fih et es tkjjssji`j dg fcc j&faeiftedis idw f hfys. 'cc tkj japcdyjjs frj j&pj`tjh td lj `daputjr cetjrftj fih tkes es tkj rjfsdi wky tkj `daputjr oidwcjhnj sj`tedi kfs ljji eitrdhu`jhei fcc `dapjtetevj j&faeiftedi jspj`efccy ei $fio J&fas. $fio tjsts hd idt rjfccy `kj`oydur tj`kie`fc j&pjrtesj ei tkes gejch lut hjgeietjcy tjst ydur prdge`eji`y wetk `daadi`daputjr fppce`ftedis.

d Xkus `daputjr fwfrjijss es fi jssjitefc sulj`t gdr tkj $fioein *tfgg +j`ruetajitj&fas `dihu`tjh ly E$"* *$+$ fih dtkjr prevftj $fios.

d Xkes es fcsd usjguc wkji ydu frj fppjfrein gdr +j`ruetajit %dapjtetevj j&fas`dihu`tjh ly Eisurfi`j %dapfiejs *tfgg *jcj`tedi %daaessedi fih dtkjr %jitrfc fih*tftj ,dvjriajit jpfrtajits.

d

Xkes es fi fttjapt td afoj tkj %daputjr 'wfrjijss pfpjr dg fiy rj`ruetajit j&fasjspj`efccy $fio J&fas jfsy gdr tkj `fihehftjs.

j wesk ydu fcc su``jss.

Xj )fredu* frjf* grda +e` ,uj*!edi* af-j f*.jh ei !e* *j`!edi frj/

• / %daputjr ,jijrftedis 2 6estdry

• / %daputjr 6frhwfrj 2 *dgtwfrj

• / <e`rdsdgt gge`j - skdrt`uts ajiu j&tjisedi

• / 0erus - *pfa

• / #jtwdros Eitjrijt

• / %daputjr 'llrjveftedis• / Xjraeidcdny 2 8ftjst ijws

Page 3: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 3/155

%#XJ#X*%kfptjr #d Xdpe` "fnj #ds.

@kfp!jr # E$X\D%Z@XED$ :-7

@fp!jr 2 6KFX &% F @DARZXJ\<

@kfp!jr & K&%XD\U

@kfp!jr ' @DARD#J#X% D0 FRJ\%D#FC @DARZXJ\

@kfp!jr ( XURJ% D0 @DARZXJ\%

@kfp!jr ) RF\X% D0 F @DARZXJ\

@kfp!jr * Kd+ hdj* f `dapu!jr 

*!drj Hf!f<

@kfp!jr + %XD\FNJ HJ8&@J%

Page 4: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 4/155

@fp!jr : @DARZXJ\ CF#NZFNJ

@kfp!jr #, A&@\D%D0X 6&#HD6%

@kfp!jr ## A%76D\H

@kfp!jr #- A% J'@JC

@kfp!jr #& &#XJ\#JX

@kfp!jr #' A&@\D%D0X

RD6J\RD&#X

@kfp!jr #

E$X\D%Z@XED$

Xkj adst adhjri henetfc systja wke`k es f `daputjr es f lddi td us lj`fusj tkj

fppce`ftedis frj ust ceaetjh ly ydur eafneiftedi dicy. ut dg tkj afiy `ditrelutedisafhj ly tkj tj`kid`rfts tkj `daputjr stfihs tfcc `kfccjinein tkj wkdcj dg tkjuievjrsj. Xkj prjaejr eivjitedi dg tkes `jitury es dg `dursj tkj `daputjr. Ei f rjcftevjcyskdrt teaj spfi et kfs fggj`tjh afiy frjfs dg dur cevjs. >dr j&fapcj `daputjrs kjcp`ditrdc dur futdadlecjs f`t fs `kfccjinein fhvjrsfrejs ei jcj`trdie` nfajs afojpdsselcj vjry sdpkeste`ftjh ajhe`fc hefnidste` tddcs su`k fs `daputjre!jh f&efctdpdnrfpky (%'X) s`fiijr fih jvji f`t fs fi ehjfc aft`kafojr tkrdunk `daputjre!jhhftein sjrve`js. $ut adst eapdrtfit `daputjrs kfvj kfh f trjajihdus eapf`t di tkjwfy eigdraftedi es prd`jssjh wetkei drnfie!ftedis. 'ctkdunk eigdraftedi kfs ljjiprd`jssjh afiufccy tkrdunkdut kestdry adhjri afifnjajit eigdraftedi systjaswduch idt lj pdsselcj wetkdut tkj `daputjr.

 ' `daputjr es f af`keij tkft kfihcjs hftf. ftf frj gf`ts tkft frj nftkjrjh fihjitjrjh eitd tkj `daputjr. Xkj `daputjr stdrjs rjtrejvjs sjihs rj`jevjs fifcy!jsfih syitkjse!js tkj hftf td prdhu`j eigdraftedi. Eigdraftedi es fiy `dccj`tedi dg wdrhsiualjrs fih syaldcs drnfie!jh sd tkft et es ajfieinguc td tkj pjrsdi usein et.ftf frj njijrftjh ly afiy sdur`js. 'cc cjvjcs dg ,dvjriajit;s Essuj afssevjfaduits td stfteste`s fih rjsjfr`k rjpdrts. $useijssjs prdhu`j sfcjs stfteste`seivjitdry rjpdrts geifi`efc hftf prdhu`tedi s`kjhucjs fih rjsjfr`k rjpdrts. ftf grdatkj kdaj ei`cuhj luhnjts pfttjris dg j&pjiheturj `disuajr prjgjrji`js fih dpeiedis.Xkj `daputjr drnfie!js tkj hftf grda afiy sdur`js fih turis tkja eitd eigdrafteditkft `fi lj fppcejh ei afoein hj`esedis fih sdcvein prdlcjas. Et es hegge`uct td eafneij fhfy tkft es idt ei sdaj wfy fggj`tjh ly `daputjrs. %daputjrs frj `kfinein pjdpcj;s

cevjs ei frjfs fs hevjrsj fs ajhe`eij jhu`ftedi pulceskein luseijss tkj kdaj fihtrfispdrtftedi. %disehjr tkj gdccdwein fppce`ftedis dg `daputjrs.%daputjrs kfvj fctjrjh `dapcjtjcy tkj stru`turj dg $useijss. 8frnj vdcuajs dgf``duitein fih rj`drh ojjpein hftf `fi lj afiepucftjh drnfie!jh stdrjh rjtrejvjhfih usjh gdr spj`ege` purpdsjs. $eccs fih stftjajits `fi lj prd`jssjh fih sjit td`ustdajrs ei au`k cjss teaj fih wetk au`k cjss jggdrt tkfi wduch lj rjquerjh gdr tkjsfaj prd`jssjs hdij afiufccy.

Page 5: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 5/155

>eifi`efc prdj`tedis frj afhj wetk nrjftjr jfsj fs tkj `daputjr kjcps afifnjrsdrnfie!j fih afiepucftj geifi`efc hftf. 'iy `daleiftedi dg gf`tdrs fih tkjer jggj`t ditkj dvjrfcc pe`turj `fi kj tjstjh. "cfiiein fih hj`esedi afoein tkus lj`daj adrjjgge`ejit fih f``urftj. Ei afiugf`turein eihustrejs `daputjrs herj`t prdhu`tedi nuehjaf`keij tddcs `ditrdc qufcety hjseni pfrts fih adietdr eivjitdrejs.

Ei adhja dgge`js wdrh prd`jssein sfvjs teaj gdr pjdpcj ft fcc cjvjcs dg tkj drnfie!ftedifih kjcps jisurj f``urftj cjttjrs rjpdts fih ajads. 'utdaftjh gecein usjs gfr cjssstdrfnj spf`j tkfi jihcjss stf`os dg pfpjr fih jiflcjs wdrojrs td rjtrejvj hd`uajitsrfpehcy wkji tkjy frj ijjhjh. etk adrj drnfie!jh fih `disestjit gecj systjas hftfafifnjajit lj`dajs f adrj jgge`ejit tfso.<dhja lfioein wduch lj eapdsselcj wetkdut tkj `daputjr. $eccedis wdrtk trfisf`tedis fhfy es skegtjh jcj`trdie`fccy ei tkj 5ietjh *tftjs fcdij= ?333 leccedi ncdlfccy.<jhe`fc rj`drh ojjpein es vfstcy eaprdvjh. Eigdraftedi rjcftjh td pftejit rj`drhs lertkshjftks lcuj %rdss <jhe`frj eisurfi`j afcprf`te`js fih iursjs= kdurs wdrojh fihhdsfnjs nevji frj fcc `frjguccy trf`ojh ly `daputjr. *daj `daputjrs frj ljeinprdnrfaajh td fssest hd`tdrs wetk hefnidsjs ly fifcy!ein syaptdas fih tkj vfreflcjs

pjrtfeiein td f spj`ege` pftejit. %daputjrs tkft fifcy!j hftf fih `rjftj rjpdrts fehajhe`fc rjsjfr`k.%daputjrs fifcy!j s`ejitege` hftf tjst vfreflcjs fih adietdr j&pjreajits ei fcadstjvjry s`ejitege` gejch. %daputjrs fssest jineijjrs ei hjseniein fih tjstein prdhu`ts dgafiy oeihs. %daputjr seaucftedis kjcp fvdeh `dstcy hjseni jrrdrs.Et wduch lj hegge`uct gdr tkj gjhjrfc ndvjriajits td gui`tedi wetkdut `daputjrs. J`didae`fih hjadnrfpke` stfteste`s `fi lj adrj jfsecy `dccj`tjh fifcy!jh fih rjpdrtjh.Xkj Eitjrifc +jvjiuj *jrve`j `fi ojjp ljttjr tf& rj`drhs. `daputjrs feh cfw-jigdr`jajit dgge`efcs ei adietdrein cfws fih rfpehcy `daauie`ftein eigdraftedi rjcftjhtd tkjer hutejs. #ftedifc hjgjisj systjas frj nuehjh fih afifnjh ly `daputjrsystjas.

@fp!jr 2

6KFX &% F @DARZXJ\<Xkj tjra `daputjr es usjh td hjs`relj f nfhnjt afhj up dg f `daleiftedi dg jcj`trdie`fih jcj`trdaj`kfie`fc (pfrt jcj`trdie` fih pfrt aj`kfie`fc) `dapdijits.$y etsjcg f `daputjr kfs id eitjccenji`j fih es rjgjrrjh td fs kfrhwfrj. ' dccj`tedi dgprdnrfas es `fccjh f sdgtwfrj fih et es tkes sdgtwfrj tkft nevjs cegj td tkj kfrhwfrj. Xkj`daputjr es tkjrjgdrj f pu`of lcjih dg kfrhwfrj fih sdgtwfrj. ' `daputjr dr `daputjr systja hdjs idt `daj td cegj uitec et es `diij`tjh td tkj dtkjr pfrts dg ets systja.F `dapu!jr e* fi jcj`!rdie` hj)e`j !f! afiepucf!j* eigdraf!edi> dr ;hf!f5; &! f*!j f-ece! !d *!drj> rj!rej)j> fih prd`j** hf!f5 ' daputjr systja es f `daleiftedi dg gevj jcjajits.?. 6frhwfrj 1. *dgtwfrj 9. "jdpcj (%daputjr 8etjrftj "jrsdi):. "rd`jhurjs 7. ftf4Eigdraftedikji dij `daputjr systja es sjt up td `daauie`ftj wetk fidtkjr `daputjr systja`diij`!e)e! lj`dajs f se&tk jcjajit. Ei dtkjr wdrhs tkj afiijr ei wke`k tkj vfreduseihevehufc systjas frj `diij`tjh gdr j&fapcj ly pkdij ceijs ae`rdwfvjtrfisaessedi dr sftjccetj es fi jcjajit dg tkj tdtfc `daputjr systja.KF\H6F\J

Page 6: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 6/155

Xkj tjra kfrh wfrj ajfis tkj pkyse`fc jquepajit fih `dapdijits tkft ydu sjj tdu`kfih gjjc ei tkj `daputjr systja.%dg!+frj es tkj tjra usjh td hjs`relj tkj eistru`tedis tkft tjcc tkj kfrhwfrj kdw tdpjrgdra f tfso= wetkdut sdgtwfrj eistru`tedis tkj kfrhwfrj hdjs idt oidw wkft td hd.Rjdpcj+frj> kdwjvjr `distetutj tkj adst eapdrtfit `dapdijit dg tkj `daputjr

systja. "jdpcj dpjrftj tkj `daputjr kfrhwfrj= tkjy `rjftj tkj `daputjr sdgtwfrjeistru`tedis fih rjspdih td tkj prd`jhurjs tkft tkdsj eistru`tedis prjsjit. Xkj purpdsjdg f `daputjr systja es td `divjrt hftf eitd eigdraftedi.ftf es rfw uijvfcuftjh gf`ts fih genurjs `di`jpts dr eistru`tedis. Xkes rfw aftjrefces prd`jssjh eitd usjguc eigdraftedi. Ei dtkjr wdrhs eigdraftedi es tkj prdhu`t dg hftfprd`jssein. Xkes prd`jssein ei`cuhjs rjgeiein suaafre!ein `ftjndre!ein fih dtkjrwesjafiepucftein tkj hftf eitd f usjguc gdra gdr hj`esedi-afoein.

@DARZXJ\% F\J D0 X6D XURJ%/ F#FCDN% F#H H&N&XFC 'i fifcdn `daputjr wdros di fifcdn vfcujs f``jptein tkj ajfsurjajits fs tkjyd``ur grda dij dr afiy sdur`js.' henetfc `daputjr wdros wetk tkj hftf stdrjh ei leifry

`dhj.Xkj %dhj es afhj up dg twd henets 3 fih ? wke`k rjprjsjit tkj jcj`tre`fc pucsjs gcdweintkrdunk f `daputjr= 3 es f iec dr cdw vdctfnj fih ? es f kenkjr vdctfnjpucsj.Xkjsj `fi lj tkrdunk fs jetkjr dg twd stftjs B tkj Fdgg ; fih Fdi; pdsetedis dg f swet`k.

@KF\F@XJ\&%X&@% D0 @DARZXJ\?. *pjjh1. '``urf`y9. ecenji`j:. 0jrsftecety7. "dwjr dg rjajaljreinL. #d E@H. #d gjjcein.

F/E@ 2Z$@XED$/ D2 @DARZXJ\ 'cc `daputjr systjas pjrgdra tkj gdccdwein gevj lfse` dpjrftedis-=5 &#RZX&#NXkj prd`jss dg jitjrein hftf fih eistru`tedis eitd tkj `daputjr.25 %XD\&#N*fvein hftf fih eistru`tedi sd tkft tkjy frj fvfecflcj gdr eietefc dr gdr fhhetedifcprd`jssein fs fih wkji rjquerjh.?5 R\D@J%%&#N"jrgdraein 'retkajte` dpjrftedis dr cdne`fc dpjrftedis di hftf ei drhjr td `divjrt tkja

eitd usjguc eigdraftedi.35 DZXRZX&#NXkj prd`jss dg prdhu`ein usjguc eigdraftedi dr rjsucts gdr tkj usjr su`k fs preitjhrjpdrt vesufc hespcfy.15 @D#X\DCC&#Nerj`tein tkj afiijr fih sjquji`j ei wke`k fcc dg tkj fldvj dpjrftedis frj pjrgdrajh.0Z#@X&D#FC Z#&X

Page 7: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 7/155

%daputjr es f aucte-tfsoein af`keij.Et kfs td hd sjvjrfc dls.Jf`k gui`tedi es hdij lyf sjpfrftj gui`tedifc uiet.Xkj heggjrjit gui`tedis frj-e. +jfh tkj hftf fih prdnrfaee. *tdrj tkj hftf fih prdnrfaeee. "jrgdra fi fretkajte`fc fih cdne`fc dpjrftedis fih

ev. "rdhu`j dutput hftf.&#RZX Z#&XEiput uiet f``jpts hftf fih prdnrfa grda dutsehj wdrch ej. eiput hjve`js ojy ldfrhadusj jt`. fih `divjrt tkjsj eistru`tedis fih hftf eitd af`keij rjfhflcj gdra grda fuiet `fccjh eiput eitjrgf`j fih tkji suppcejs divjrtjh hftf fih eistru`tedis ei td`daputjr gdr gurtkjr prd`jssein.DZXRZX Z#&XXkj rjsucts prdhu`jh ly `daputjr frj ei af`keij rjfhflcj gdra fih tkj usjr `fiidtuihjrstfih et. Xkj dutput uiet f``jpts tkjsj `dhjh hftf fih eistru`tedis frj `divjrtjheitd kuafi rjfhflcj gdra fih tkji suppcejh td tkj dutsehj wdrch. Ej. vesufc hespcfytkrdunk adietdr dr preitjh rjpdrt tkrdunk preit.

%XD\FNJ Z#&X*tdrfnj uiet es afeicy `cfssegejh eitd twd "reafry ajadry fih *j`dihfry ajadry(*j`dihfry stdrfnj hjve`j).Xkj gui`tedi dg f ajadry es td stdrj prdnrfas hftf dr fiydtkjr oeih dg eigdraftedi.Xkj "reafry ajadry es f gfst ajadry. Et stdrj prdnrfas fcdin wetk tkj hftf wke`k frjtd lj j&j`utjh. Xkj afei ajadry es herj`tcy f``jssjh ly tkj %"5.*j`dihfry ajadrydr tkj fu&ecefry ajadry stdrj fppce`ftedi prdnrfas hftf gecjs dpjrftein systjas jt`.Xkj %"5 hdjs idt rjfh eigdraftedi herj`tcy grda tkj sj`dihfry ajadry td tkj "reafryajadry. %"5 rjfhs tkja grda "reafry ajadry. Xkj rjsucts frj fcsd stdrjh ei tkjsj`dihfry ajadry. Xkj sj`dihfry ajadry es tkj afss stdrfnj ajadry. Et es scdwfih `kjfp. Xkj `fpf`ety dg tkj preafry ajadry es au`k safccjr tkfi tkft dg tkjsj`dihfry ajadry.

@kfp!jr &

6e<!dry d" @dap0!jr /`eji`j

Xkj kestdry dg `daputjr s`eji`j ljnfi cdin ljgdrj tkj adhjri hes`epceij dg `daputjrs`eji`j tkft jajrnjh ei tkj twjitejtk `jitury fih keitjh ft ei tkj `jiturejs predr.Xkj prdnrjssedi grda aj`kfie`fc eivjitedis fih aftkjafte`fc tkjdrejs tdwfrhs tkjadhjri `di`jpts fih af`keijs gdrajh f afdr f`fhjae` gejch fih tkj lfses dg fafssevj wdrchwehj eihustry.

Jfrcy `dap0!f!edi

Xkj jfrcejst oidwi tddc gdr usj ei `daputftedi wfs tkj flf`us fih et wfs tkdunkt tdkfvj ljji eivjitjh ei Gfitutfitfyd afa "utfineifad 1:33 $%J. Ets dreneifc stycj dgusfnj wfs ly ceijs hrfwi ei sfih wetk pjllcjs. Xkes wfs tkj gerst oidwi `daputjr fihadst fhvfi`jh systja - prj`jhein ,rjjo ajtkdhs ly 1333 yjfrs. 'lf`e dg f adrjadhjri hjseni frj stecc usjh fs `fc`ucftedi tddcs tdhfy.

Page 8: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 8/155

G!$../ Fl%&s

Xj jfrcej*! .id+i !ddc gdr u*j ei `dapu!f!edi +f* !j FLF@Z%

Xkj 'iteoytkjrf aj`kfiesa es ljcejvjh td lj tkj jfrcejst oidwi aj`kfie`fc fifcdn`daputjr. Et wfs hjsenijh td `fc`ucftj fstrdidae`fc pdsetedis. Ei tkj 9rh `jitury %J tkj*dutk "deitein %kfredt wfs eivjitjh ei fi`ejit %keif. Et wfs tkj gerst oidwi njfrjhaj`kfiesa td usj f heggjrjitefc njfr wke`k wfs cftjr usjh ei fifcdn `daputjrs. Xkj%keijsj fcsd eivjitjh f adrj sdpkeste`ftjh flf`us grda frduih tkj 1ih `jitury $%Joidwi fs tkj %keijsj "dristfr.

Aj`fie`fc fifcdn `dapu!ein hj)e`j*<j`kfie`fc fifcdn `daputein hjve`js fppjfrjh fnfei f tkdusfih yjfrs cftjr ei tkjajhejvfc Escfae` wdrch. J&fapcjs dg hjve`js grda tkes pjredh ei`cuhj tkj jquftdreua ly

 'r!f`kjc tkj aj`kfie`fc njfrjh fstrdcflj ly 'lN+fykKi fc-$rNi fih tkj tdrqujtualy Mfler eli'gcfk. <uscea jineijjrs luect f iualjr dg 'utdaftf ei`cuhein sdaj ause`fcfutdaftf tkft `duch lj OprdnrfaajhO td pcfy heggjrjit ause`fc pfttjris.Xkjsj hjve`jswjrj hjvjcdpjh ly tkj $fiN<NsK lrdtkjrs fih 'c-Mf!fre <uscea aftkjafte`efis fcsdafhj eapdrtfit fhvfi`js ei `ryptdnrfpky su`k fs tkj hjvjcdpajit dg `ryptfifcysesfih grjquji`y fifcyses ly 'coeihus5

Cdnfre!a* 0dr @dapu!f!edifc Rurpd*j*

kji Mdki #fpejr hes`dvjrjh cdnfretkas gdr `daputftedifc purpdsjs ei tkj jfrcy ?Htk`jitury tkjrj gdccdwjh f pjredh dg `disehjrflcj prdnrjss ly eivjitdrs fih s`ejitests eiafoein `fc`ucftein tddcs. Ei ?L19 eckjca *`ke`ofrh hjsenijh f `fc`ucftein af`keijlut flfihdijh tkj prdj`t wkji tkj prdtdtypj kj kfh stfrtjh luechein wfs hjstrdyjhly f gerj ei ?L1:. 'rduih ?L:3 $cfesj "fs`fc f cjfhein >rji`k aftkjafte`efi`distru`tjh tkj gerst aj`kfie`fc fhhein hjve`j lfsjh di f hjseni hjs`reljh ly ,rjjoaftkjafte`efi 6jrd dg 'cj&fihref.Xkji ei ?LH1 ,dttgrejh eckjca 8jelie! eivjitjh tkj*tjppjh +j`odijr wke`k kj `dapcjtjh ei ?LC:.#dij dg tkj jfrcy `daputftedifchjve`js wjrj rjfccy `daputjrs ei tkj adhjri sjisj fih et tddo `disehjrflcjfhvfi`jajit ei aftkjafte`s fih tkjdry ljgdrj tkj gerst adhjri `daputjrs `duch ljhjsenijh.

Fcndre!a*

Ei tkj Htk `jitury Eihefi aftkjafte`efi $rfkafnuptf nfvj tkj gerst j&pcfiftedi dg tkj6eihu-'rfle` iuajrfc systja fih tkj usj dg !jrd fs ldtk f pcf`jkdchjr fih f hj`eafchenet.'pprd&eaftjcy frduih tkj yjfr A17 "jrsefi aftkjafte`efi 'c-Gkwfre!ae wrdtj flddo i tkj %fc`ucftedi wetk 6eihu #uajrfcs tkft wfs prei`epfccy rjspdiselcj gdr tkjheggusedi dg tkj Eihefi systja dg iuajrftedi ei tkj <ehhcj Jfst fih tkji Jurdpj.

Page 9: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 9/155

 'rduih tkj ?1tk `jitury tkjrj wfs trfiscftedi dg tkes lddo wrettji eitd 8ftei 'cndretaehj iuajrdEihdrua. Xkjsj lddos prjsjitjh ijwjr `di`jpts td pjrgdra f sjrejs dgstjps ei drhjr td f``dapcesk f tfso su`k fs tkj systjafte` fppce`ftedi dg fretkajte` tdfcnjlrf. $y hjrevftedi grda kes ifaj wj kfvj tkj tjra fcndretka.

Leifr cdne`

 'rduih tkj 9rh `jitury $% Eihefi aftkjafte`efi "einfcf hes`dvjrjh tkj leifryiuajrfc systja. Ei tkes systja stecc usjh tdhfy ei fcc adhjri `daputjrs f sjquji`j dgdijs fih !jrds `fi rjprjsjit fiy iualjr.Ei ?H39 ,dttgrejh 8jeliet! hjvjcdpjh cdne` eif gdrafc aftkjafte`fc sjisj wetk kes wreteins di tkj leifry iuajrfc systja. Ei kessystja tkj dijs fih !jrds fcsd rjprjsjit truj fih gfcsj vfcujs dr di fih dgg stftjs.$ut et tddo adrj tkfi f `jitury ljgdrj ,jdrnj $ddcj pulceskjh kes Lddcjfi fcnj-rf ei?A7: wetk f `dapcjtj systja tkft fccdwjh `daputftedifc prd`jssjs td ljaftkjafte`fccy adhjcjh.$y tkes teaj tkj gerst aj`kfie`fc hjve`js hrevji ly f leifrypfttjri kfh ljji eivjitjh. Xkj eihustrefc rjvdcutedi kfh hrevji gdrwfrh tkj

aj`kfie!ftedi dg afiy tfsos fih tkes ei`cuhjh wjfvein. "ui`kjh `frhs `ditrdccjhMdsjpk <frej Mf`qufrhOs cdda ei ?A3? wkjrj f kdcj pui`kjh ei tkj `frh eihe`ftjh fleifry dij fih fi ui-pui`kjh spdt eihe`ftjh f leifry !jrd.Mf`qufrhOs cdda wfs gfrgrda ljein f `daputjr lut et heh eccustrftj tkft af`keijs `duch lj hrevji ly leifrysystjas.

Ler! dg `dapu!jr *`eji`j

$jgdrj tkj ?C13s `daputjrs (sdajteajs `daputjrs) wjrj kuafi `cjros tkftpjrgdrajh `daputftedis. Xkjy wjrj usufccy uihjr tkj cjfh dg f pkyse`est. <fiytkdusfihs dg `daputjrs wjrj japcdyjh ei `daajr`j ndvjriajit fih rjsjfr`k

jstflceskajits. <dst dg tkjsj `daputjrs wjrj wdaji fih tkjy wjrj oidwi td kfvj fhjnrjj ei `fc`ucus. *daj pjrgdrajh fstrdidae`fc `fc`ucftedis gdr `fcjihfrs.  'gtjr tkj ?C13s tkj j&prjssedi `daputein af`keij rjgjrrjh td fiy af`keij tkftpjrgdrajh tkj wdro dg f kuafi `daputjr jspj`efccy tkdsj ei f``drhfi`j wetk jggj`tevjajtkdhs dg tkj %kur`k-Xurein tkjses  enetfc af`keijry ei `ditrfst td fifcdn wjrj flcj td rjihjr f stftj dg f iuajre`vfcuj fih stdrj jf`k eihevehufc henet. enetfc af`keijry usjh heggjrji`j jineijs drrjcfys ljgdrj tkj eivjitedi dg gfstjr ajadry hjve`js. Xkj pkrfsj `daputein af`keijnrfhufccy nfvj fwfy fgtjr tkj cftj ?C:3s td ust `daputjr fs tkj disjt dg jcj`trdie`henetfc af`keijry lj`faj `daadi. Xkjsj `daputjrs wjrj flcj td pjrgdra tkj`fc`ucftedis tkft wjrj pjrgdrajh ly tkj prjvedus kuafi `cjros Xkj tkjdrjte`fc Xurein

<f`keij `rjftjh ly 'cfi Xurein es f kypdtkjte`fc hjve`j tkjdre!jh ei drhjr td stuhy tkjprdpjrtejs dg su`k kfrhwfrj.

Jajrnji`j dg f he*`epceijXj !jdrj!e`fc nrduih+dr.

GdirfhIusj ( 11 Muij ?C?3 $jrcei B ?A j`jaljr ?CC7) wfs f ,jrafi jineijjr fih`daputjr pedijjr. droein ei kes pfrjitsO fpfrtajit ei ?C9L kes gerst fttjapt `fccjh tkjI? wfs f gcdftein pdeit leifry aj`kfie`fc `fc`ucftdr wetk ceaetjh prdnrfaaflecety

Page 10: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 10/155

rjfhein eistru`tedis grda f pjrgdrftjh 97 aa geca. Ei ?C9H Iusj sulaettjh twd pftjitstkft fite`epftjh f vdi #juafii fr`ketj`turj. 6j geieskjh tkj I? ei ?C9A. Xkj I?`ditfeijh sdaj 93333 ajtfc pfrts fih ijvjr wdrojh wjcc huj td eisugge`ejitaj`kfie`fc prj`esedi. Xkj I? fih ets dreneifc lcujpreits wjrj hjstrdyjh hurein EE.Iusj I? rjpce`f es ei tkj ,jrafi <usjua dg Xj`kidcdny ei $jrcei ,jrafiy.$jtwjji

?CAH fih ?CAC Iusj rj`rjftjh tkj I? suggjrein f kjfrt-fttf`o aehwfy tkrdunk tkjprdj`t. 6es nrjftjst f`kejvjajit wfs tkj wdrchOs gerst gui`tedifc prdnrfa-`ditrdccjhXurein-`dapcjtj `daputjr tkj I9 wke`k lj`faj dpjrftedifc ei <fy ?C:?. 6j rj`jevjhtkj jrijr-vdi-*ejajis-+ein ei ?CL: gdr tkj I9.

Rrj766&& +dr. fih !j 9=> !j ;aj`fie`fc -rfei;IusjOsI1 `daputein af`keij es `disehjrjh td lj tkj gerst prd`jss-`ditrdccjh `daputjr.Ei ?C:L kj hjsenijh tkj gerst kenk-cjvjc prdnrfaaein cfinufnj"cfiofcoDcIusj gduihjhdij dg tkj jfrcejst `daputjr luseijssjs di tkj ?st dg 'prec ?C:?. Xkes `dapfiy luect tkjI: wke`k lj`faj tkj wdrchOs gerst `daajr`efc `daputjr.uj td drch fr EE IusjOs wdro wjit cfrnjcy uiidte`jh ei tkj 5G fih tkj 5*. "dsselcykes gerst hd`uajitjh eigcuji`j di f 5* `dapfiy wfs E$<Os dptedi di kes pftjits ei

?C:L.Xj af!jaf!e`fc gduihf!edi* dg adhjri `dapu!jr *`eji`jXkj aftkjafte`fc gduihftedis dg adhjri `daputjr s`eji`j ljnfi td lj cfeh ly Gurt,Rhjc wetk kes ei`dapcjtjijss tkjdrja (?C9?). Ei tkes tkjdrja kj skdwjh tkft tkjrjwjrj ceaets td wkft `duch lj prdvjh fih hesprdvjh wetkei f gdrafc systja. Xkes cjh tdwdro ly ,Rhjc fih dtkjrs td hjgeij fih hjs`relj tkjsj gdrafc systjas ei`cuhein`di`jpts su`k fs au-rj`ursevj gui`tedis fih cfalhf-hjgeiflcj gui`tedis.?C9L wfs fojy yjfr gdr `daputjr s`eji`j. 'cfi Xurein fih 'cdi!d %kur`k eihjpjihjitcy fih fcsdtdnjtkjr eitrdhu`jh tkj gdrafce!ftedi dg fi fcndretka wetk ceaets di wkft `fi lj`daputjh fih f Vpurjcy aj`kfie`fcV adhjc gdr `daputein.Xkjsj tdpe`s frj `dvjrjh lywkft es idw `fccjh tkj %kur`kBXurein tkjses f kypdtkjses fldut tkj ifturj dg

aj`kfie`fc `fc`ucftedi hjve`js su`k fs jcj`trdie` `daputjrs.

Xurein F+frh fih !j Xurein !j*!Xurein es sd eapdrtfit td `daputjr s`eji`j tkft kes ifaj es fcsd gjfturjh di tkj Xurein

 'wfrh fih tkj Xurein tjst. 6j `ditrelutjh nrjftcy td $retesk `dhj-lrjfoein su``jssjs eitkj *j`dih drch fr fih `diteiujh td hjseni `daputjrs fih sdgtwfrj tkrdunk tkj?C:3s lut `daaettjh sue`ehj ei ?C7:.Ei ?C:A tkj gerst prf`te`fc `daputjr tkft `duch rui stdrjh prdnrfas lfsjh di tkj Xureinaf`keij adhjc kfh ljji luect - tkj <fi`kjstjr $fly.Ei ?C73 $retfeiOs #ftedifc "kyse`fc 8fldrftdry `dapcjtjh "ecdt '%J f safcc s`fcjprdnrfaaflcj `daputjr lfsjh di XureinOs pkecdsdpky.

%fiidi fih eigdraf!edi !jdr5p td fih hurein tkj ?C93s jcj`tre`fc jineijjrs wjrj flcj td luech jcj`trdie` `er`uets tdsdcvj aftkjafte`fc fih cdne` prdlcjas lut adst heh sd ei fi fh kd` afiijr cf`oeinfiy tkjdrjte`fc rendr.Xkes `kfinjh wetk %cfuhj Jcwddh *kfiidiOs pulce`ftedi dg kes ?C9H afstjrOs tkjses '*yaldce` 'ifcyses dg +jcfy fih *wet`kein %er`uets.kecj tfoein fi uihjrnrfhuftjpkecdsdpky `cfss *kfiidi kfh ljji j&pdsjh td $ddcjOs wdro fih rj`dnie!jh tkft et

Page 11: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 11/155

`duch lj usjh td frrfinj jcj`trdaj`kfie`fc rjcfys (tkji usjh ei tjcjpkdij rduteinswet`kjs) td sdcvj cdne` prdlcjas.Xkes `di`jpt dg utece!ein tkj prdpjrtejs dg jcj`tre`fc swet`kjs td hd cdne` es tkj lfse``di`jpt tkft uihjrcejs fcc jcj`trdie` henetfc `daputjrs fih kes tkjses lj`faj tkjgduihftedi dg prf`te`fc henetfc `er`uet hjseni wkji et lj`faj wehjcy oidwi fadin tkj

jcj`tre`fc jineijjrein `daauiety hurein fih fgtjr drch fr EE.*kfiidi wjit di tdgduih tkj gejch dg eigdraftedi tkjdry wetk kes ?C:A pfpjr tetcjh ' <ftkjafte`fc Xkjdry dg%daauie`ftedi wke`k fppcejh prdlflecety tkjdry td tkj prdlcja dg kdw td ljst ji`dhjtkj eigdraftedi f sjihjr wfits td trfisaet. Xkes wdro es dij dg tkj tkjdrjte`fcgduihftedis gdr afiy frjfs dg stuhy ei`cuhein hftf `daprjssedi fih `ryptdnrfpky.

6ejijr fih @-jrij!e`*>rda j&pjreajits wetk fite-fer`rfgt systjas tkft eitjrprjtjh rfhfr eafnjs td hjtj`tjijay pcfijs #drljrt ejijr `deijh tkj tjra `yljrijte`s grda tkj ,rjjo wdrh gdrVstjjrsafi.V 6j pulceskjh V%yljrijte`sV ei ?C:A wke`k eigcuji`jh frtege`efc eitjccenji`j.ejijr fcsd `dapfrjh `daputftedi `daputein af`keijry ajadry hjve`js fih dtkjr

`dnietevj seaecfretejs wetk kes fifcyses dg lrfei wfvjs.Xkj gerst f`tufc `daputjr lun wfs f adtk. Et wfs stu`o ei ljtwjji tkj rjcfys di tkj6frvfrh <fro EE. kecj tkj eivjitedi dg tkj tjra OlunO es dgtji lut jrrdijduscy fttrelutjhtd ,rf`j 6dppjr f guturj rjfr fhaerfc ei tkj 5.*. #fvy wkd suppdsjhcy cdnnjh tkjVlunV di *jptjaljr C ?C:7 adst dtkjr f``duits `digce`t ft cjfst wetk tkjsj hjtfecs.

@frcj* Lf--fnj>f $retesk <ftkjafte`s prdgjssdr es rjnfrhjh fs tkj >ftkjr dg%daputjrs

>en.9.1.>ftkjr dg `daputjrs-%kfrcjs $fllfnj

6 e* @frcj* Lf--fnj `di*ehjrjh !j gf!jr dg `dapu!jr*<6j wfs ldri ei Jincfih ei ?HC1 fs tkj sdi dg f re`k lfiojr 5$fllfnj eivjitjh fO`duitein af`keijO `fccjh Xkj eggjrji`j Jineij. Xkes tkein wfs spj`tf`ucfr. Ei tkdsjhfys et tddo f cdt dg pjdpcj td `duit tkein...tf&js lfiojrs frjfs dg geifi`j fihafrojts...fcc fldut `duitein cfrnj faduits. %kfrcjs $fllfnj `rjftjh kes eggjrji`j

Jineij fih et f`tufccy wdrojh. 6j `duch put f `dupcj dg iualjr ei et fih et wduch hd fiydg vfredus aftkjafte`fc jquftedis fih sjrvj kea up tkj fiswjr. Et wfs f afss dg `dnsfih wkjjcs. ' 8dihdi ausjua `distru`tjh fi dreneifc wdroein adhjc grda $fllfnjOslcujpreits.

NJ#J\FX&D# D0 @DARZXJ\%

Page 12: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 12/155

Jf`k njijrftedi dg `daputjr es `kfrf`tjre!jh ly f afdr tj`kidcdne`fc hjvjcdpajittkft guihfajitfccy `kfinjh tkj wfy `daputjrs dpjrftj rjsuctein ei ei`rjfseincysafccjr `kjfpjr adrj pdwjrguc fih adrj jgge`ejit fih rjceflcj hjve`js.Xkj kestdry dg `daputjr hjvjcdpajit es dgtji rjgjrrjh td ei rjgjrji`j td tkj heggjrjitnjijrftedis dg `daputein hjve`js.

0er*! Njijrf!edi (=:347=:1B" 8f`uua Xu-j*Xkj gerst `daputjrs usjh vf`uua tuljs gdr `er`uetry fih afnijte` hruas gdr ajadryfih wjrj dgtji jidradus tfoein up jiterj rddas. Xkjy wjrj vjry j&pjisevj td dpjrftjfih ei fhhetedi td usein f nrjft hjfc dg jcj`tre`ety njijrftjh f cdt dg kjft wke`k wfsdgtji tkj `fusj dg afcgui`tedis.>erst njijrftedi `daputjrs rjcejh di af`keij cfinufnj tkj cdwjst-cjvjc prdnrfaaeincfinufnj uihjrstddh ly daputjrs td pjrgdradpjrftedis fih tkjy `duch dicy sdcvj dijprdlcja ft f teaj. Eiput wfs lfsjh dipui`kjh frhs fih pfpjr tfpj fih dutput wfs

hespcfyjh di preitduts.Xkj 5#E0'% fih J#E'% daputjrs frjj&fapcjs dg gerst- njijrftedi daputeinhjve`js. Xkj 5#E0'% wfs tkj gerst daajr`efc`daputjr hjcevjrjh td f luseijss cejit tkj 5.*.%jisus $urjfu ei ?C7?.

0JFXZ\J% D0 0&\%X NJ#J\FX&D#?. 5sj dg vf`uua tuljs1. $en 2 %cuasy9. 6enk Jcj`tre`ety %disuaptedi

:. "rdnrfaaein ei <j`kfie`fc 8finufnj7. 8frnjr '% wjrj ijjhjhL. 8dt dg jcj`tre`ety gfecurj d``urrjhG!$... G!rs" 6j)jr%"!+) <+'"jr

%j`dih Njijrf!edi (=:1B7=:B?" Xrfi*e*!dr*

Xrfisestdrs rjpcf`jh vf`uua tuljs fih uskjrjhei tkj sj`dih njijrftedi dg daputjrs.Xkj trfisestdr wfs eivjitjh ei ?C:H lut hehidt sjj wehjsprjfh usj ei daputjrs uitec tkjcftj ?C73s. Xkj trfisestdr wfs gfr supjredrtd tkj vf`uua tulj fccdwein `daputjrs td lj`daj safccjr gfstjr `kjfpjr adrjjijrny-jgge`ejit fih adrj rjceflcj tkfi tkjer gerst-njijrftedi prjhj`jssdrs.Xkdunk tkj trfisestdr stecc njijrftjh f nrjft hjfc dg kjft tkft sulj`tjh tkj `daputjr tdhfafnj et wfs f vfst eaprdvjajit dvjr tkj vf`uua tulj. *j`dih-njijrftedi`daputjrs stecc rjcejh di pui`kjh `frhs gdr eiput fih preitduts gdr dutput.

Jf`k njijrf!edi

d" `dap0!jr e<`kfrf`!jre8jh lyf af:dr!j`kidcdne`fchjvjcdpaji!!kf!"0ihfaji!fccy`kfinjh !kj7fy dap0!jr<dpjrf!j

rj<0c!ein eiei`rjf<eincy<afccjr `kjfpjradrj pd7jr"0cfihadrjj>`eji! fihrjceflcj hjve`j<.\jfh fld0! jf`knjijrf!edi fih

Page 13: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 13/155

*j`dih-njijrftedi `daputjrs advjh grda `rypte`leifry af`keij cfinufnj td syaldce` dr fssjalcycfinufnjs wke`k fccdwjh prdnrfaajrs td spj`egyeistru`tedis ei wdrhs. 6enk-cjvjc prdnrfaaeincfinufnjs wjrj fcsd ljein hjvjcdpjh ft tkes teaj

su`k fs jfrcy vjrsedis dg %$8 fih >+X+'#.Xkjsj wjrj fcsd tkj gerst `daputjrs tkft stdrjhtkjer eistru`tedis ei tkjer ajadry wke`k advjh grdaf afnijte` hrua td afnijte` `drj tj`kidcdny.Xkj gerst `daputjrs dg tkes njijrftedi wjrjhjvjcdpjh gdr tkj ftdae` jijrny eihustry.

0JFXZ\J% D0 %J@D#H NJ#J\FX&D#?. Xrfisestdrs wjrj usjh1. %drj <jadry wfs hjvjcdpjh9. >fstjr tkfi >erst ,jijrftedi `daputjrs

:. >erst pjrftein *ystja wfs hjvjcdpjh7. "rdnrfaaein wfs ei <f`keij 8finufnj 2 'ssjalcy 8finufnjL. <fnijte` tfpjs 2 hes`s wjrj usjhH. %daputjrs lj`faj safccjr ei se!j tkfi tkj >erst ,jijrftedi `daputjrsA. %daputjrs `disuajh cjss kjft 2 `disuajh cjss jcj`tre`ety

 >en.9.:.' sj`dih njijrftedi %daputjr 

Xerh Njijrf!edi (=:B37=:=" &i!jnrf!jh @er`ue!*Xkj hjvjcdpajit dg tkj eitjnrftjh `er`uet wfs tkj kfccafro dg tkj tkerh njijrftedi dg`daputjrs. Xrfisestdrs wjrj aeiefture!jh fih pcf`jh di sece`di `keps `fccjhsjae`dihu`tdrs wke`k hrfste`fccy ei`rjfsjh tkj spjjh fih jgge`eji`y dg `daputjrs.

Eistjfh dg pui`kjh `frhs fih preitduts usjrs eitjrf`tjh wetk tkerh njijrftedi`daputjrs tkrdunk ojyldfrhs fih adietdrs fih eitjrgf`jh wetk fi dpjrftein systjawke`k fccdwjh tkj hjve`j td rui afiy heggjrjit fppce`ftedis ft dij teaj wetk f `jitrfcprdnrfa tkft adietdrjh tkj ajadry.%daputjrs gdr tkj gerst teaj lj`faj f``jsselcj td f afss fuheji`j lj`fusj tkjy wjrjsafccjr fih `kjfpjr tkfi tkjer prjhj`jssdrs.

X6E\% NJ$J\FXED$2JFXZ\J/#. Ei!jnrf!jh er`0e!<hjvjcdpjh.-. Rd7jr `di<0ap!edi7f< cd7.&. //E ; A/E Xj`kidcdny7f< 0<jh.'. 6enk cjvjc cfin0fnj<7jrj 0<jh

Page 14: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 14/155

>en9.7.Xkerh njijrftedi `daputjr 

0dur! Njijrf!edi (=:=7Rrj*ji!" Ae`rdprd`j**dr*Xkj ae`rdprd`jssdr lrdunkt tkj gdurtk njijrftedi dg `daputjrs fs tkdusfihs dgeitjnrftjh `er`uets wjrj luect ditd f seincj sece`di `kep. kft ei tkj gerst njijrftedi geccjhfi jiterj rdda `duch idw get ei tkj pfca dg tkj kfih. Xkj Eitjc :33: `kep hjvjcdpjh ei?CH? cd`ftjh fcc tkj `dapdijits dg tkj `daputjr\grda tkj `jitrfc prd`jssein uiet fihajadry td eiput4dutput `ditrdcs\di f seincj `kep.Ei ?CA? E$< eitrdhu`jh ets gerst `daputjr gdr tkj kdaj usjr fih ei ?CA: 'ppcjeitrdhu`jh tkj <f`eitdsk. <e`rdprd`jssdrs fcsd advjh dut dg tkj rjfca dg hjsotdp`daputjrs fih eitd afiy frjfs dg cegj fs adrj fih adrj jvjryhfy prdhu`ts ljnfi tdusj ae`rdprd`jssdrs.

 's tkjsj safcc `daputjrs lj`faj adrj pdwjrguc tkjy `duch lj ceiojh tdnjtkjr td gdraijtwdros wke`k jvjitufccy cjh td tkj hjvjcdpajit dg tkj Eitjrijt. >durtk njijrftedi`daputjrs fcsd sfw tkj hjvjcdpajit dg ,5Es tkj adusj fih kfihkjch hjve`js.0JFXZ\J%?. 8*E 2 08*E Xj kidcdny usjh1. jvjcdpajit dg "drtflcj %daputjrs9. +'E Xj kidcdny dg hftf stdrfnj:. 5sjh ei vertufc rjfcety aucteajhef seaucftedi7. %daputjrs stfrtjh ei usj gdr ftf %daauie`ftediL. eggjrjit typjs dg ajadrejs wetk vjry kenk f``jssein spjjh 2 stdrfnj `fpf`ety

>en9.L. >durtk njijrftedi `daputjr 

0eg! Njijrf!edi (Rrj*ji! fih Ljdih" Fr!ege`efc &i!jccenji`j>egtk njijrftedi `daputein hjve`js lfsjh di frtege`efc eitjccenji`j frj stecc eihjvjcdpajit tkdunk tkjrj frj sdaj fppce`ftedis su`k fs vde`j rj`dnietedi tkft frj

Page 15: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 15/155

ljein usjh tdhfy.Xkj usj dg pfrfccjc prd`jssein fih supjr`dihu`tdrs es kjcpein tdafoj frtege`efc eitjccenji`j f rjfcety.@ufitua `daputftedi fih adcj`ucfr fih ifidtj`kidcdny wecc rfhe`fccy `kfinj tkj gf`jdg `daputjrs ei yjfrs td `daj. Xkj ndfc dg gegtk-njijrftedi `daputein es td hjvjcdphjve`js tkft rjspdih td ifturfc cfinufnj eiput fih frj `fpflcj dg cjfriein fih sjcg-

drnfie!ftedi.

>en9.H. >egtk njijrftedi `daputjr ei prdnrjss

@fp!jr 3

@DARD#J#X% D0 F RJ\%D#FC @DARZXJ\

Xj `dapdiji!* dg f pjr*difc `dapu!jr> eipu! du!pu! hj)e`j* fih pjrepjrfchj)e`j*> fih !jer u*j*5

eggjrjit typjs fih se!js dg `daputjrs frj fvfecflcj. 'adin tkja tkdsj tkft frj`daadicy usjh ft kdaj fih ei dgge`js frj tkj sd-`fccjh "jrsdifc %daputjrs ("%s).>enurj ?.? skdws f pjrsdifc `daputjr fih sdaj dg tkj pjrepkjrfc hjve`js tkft `fi ljusjh fcdin wetk et.%daputjr es f pej`j dg jquepajit tkft kjcps us td usj Eigdraftedi Xj`kidcdny.Ets jgge`eji`y fih fppce`ftedi frj ei`rjfsein hfy ly hfy. Xkj `daputjr kfs eivfhjhjvjry gejch dg kuafi f`tevety. Xkjrjgdrj et es jssjitefc tkft wj kfvj fi ehjf fldut`daputjrs fih tkjer vfredus usjs.

>en. :.? - %daputjr fih ets pjrepkjrfcs

0JFXZ\J%#. Z<jh ei pfrfccjcprd`j<<ein-. Z<jh <0pjr`dih0`!dr<&. Z<jh ei <pjj`krj`dnie!edi'. Z<jh ei ei!jccenji!rdld!<

(. Z<jh ei fr!e5`efcei!jccenji`j

2jf!0rj<

#.Dij d" !kj eapdr!fi! `fpflece!ej<

d" !kj `dap0!jr e< e!< <pjjh. E! `fi

`frry d0! <jvjrfc aeccedi `fc`0cf!edi<

ei f <j`dih=

-. Xkj `dap0!jr e< fc<d nrjf! "dr

rjajaljrein !kein<.

Page 16: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 16/155

%*!ja Zie! Xkj *ystja 5iet es tkj adst eapdrtfit pfrt dg tkj `daputjr. Xkj prd`jssdr

(%jitrfc "rd`jssein 5iet) wke`k es `disehjrjh td lj tkj lrfei dg tkj `daputjrtkj +fihda '``jss <jadry (+'<) wke`k stdrjs eigdraftedi tjapdrfrecy fihtkj kfrh heso wkjrj eigdraftedi `fi lj pjrafijitcy stdrjh frj `ditfeijh ei tkjsystja .

Xkj systja uiet fcsd `ditfeis tkj <dtkjr $dfrh wke`k kfs prdvesedis gdr ge&ein

ldfrhs gdr `diij`tein tkj `daputjr td dtkjr hjve`js.  Ei fhhetedi tkj hrevjs ijjhjh gdr usein gcdppy hesos fih % +<s ei tkj;

`daputjr frj fcsd gettjh td tkj systja uiet.

 ' pdwjr suppcy uiet tkft `fi suppcy jcj`tre`ety td fcc tkjsj pfrts ft suetflcj vdctfnjs wecc

fcsd lj aduitjh eisehj tkj systja uiet. Xkj systja uiet `ditrdcs fcc hjve`js `diij`tjhtd tkj `daputjr.

>en. :.1 *ystja 5iet (%"5)

&ipu!Du!pu! Hj)e`j*

*daj dg tkj `dapdijits ei f `daputjr systja frj gdr nevein eigdraftedi td tkj`daputjr. J&fapcjs frj ojyldfrh fih adusj *daj dtkjrs frj gdr tkj `daputjr tdnevj eigdraftedi td kuafis.; J&fapcjs frj adietdr fih spjfojr. Xkj gdrajr frjoidwi fs eiput hjve`js fih tkj cfttjr fs dutput hjve`js.

&#RZX KF\H6F\Jij dg tkj jfsejst wfys td `ftjndre!j eiput kfrhwfrj es f``drhein td wkjtkjr dr idtet usjs f ojyldfrh td eietefccy `fpturj hftf <fiy `daadicy usjh eiput hjve`js td rjcy

di f ojyldfrh fih tkjsj hjve`js njijrfccy gfcc eitd twd nrdups (E) tjraeifcs`diij`tjh td njijrfc-purpdsj `daputjr systjas (ae`rd`daputjrs gfcc eitd tkesnrdups fcsd) fih (1) hjhe`ftjh hftf jitry systjas wke`k frj spj`efce!jh seincj-purpdsj systjas usjh j&`cusevjcy gdr jitjrein hftf.Xkj idi ojyldfrh eiput hjve`js `fccjh herj`t jitry hjve`js ei`cuhj s`fiijrs ae`jcenkt pjis tdu`k s`rjjis fih vde`j rj`dnietedi jquepajit fadin dtkjrs.

&ipu! Hj)e`j*

$d!e`j !kj <d0ih d" !kj `ddcein "fi7kji yd0 <7e!`kdi !kj `dap0!jr.

Xke< e< 5!!jhljkeih !kj <y<!ja0ie! !d rjadvj !kjkjf! !kf! e<prdh0`jh 7kji fcc!kj `er`0e!< ei<ehjfrj 7dr?ein.

Page 17: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 17/155

j sfw tkft eiput hjve`js frj tkdsj tkft frj usjh td nevj eigdraftedi td tkj`daputjr. 8jt us idw njt td oidw sdaj dg tkj eapdrtfit eiput hjve`js adrj `cdsjcy.

$j Ldfrh ' ojyldfrh es usjh td nevj eigdraftedi fih eistru`tedis herj`tcy td tkj `daputjr.

kji tkj `daputjr es rjfhy td rj`jevj eigdraftedi grda tkj ojyldfrh ydu `fi sjj fsafcc ceij lceioein di tkj s`rjji. Xkj `kfrf`tjrs wj typj fppjfr-wkjrj tkes ceij es. '`daputjr ojyldfrh es f rftkjr sdpkeste`ftjh jcj`trdaj`kfie`fc `dapdijit hjsenijhtd `rjftj spj`efc stfihfrhe!jh jcj`trdie` dhjs wkji f ojy es prjssjh. Xkj `dhjsfrj trfisaettjh fcdin tkj `flcj tkft `diij`ts tkj ojyldfrh td tkj `daputjr systjauiet dr tjraeifc wkjrj tkj ei`daein `dhj es fifcy!jh fih `divjrtjh eitd tkjfpprdpreftj `daputjr-usflcj `dhj.

>en. :.9 ( Gjyldfrh fih <dusj)

Adu*j

2cdppy %e<? ; Rji %revj<

j `fi rj`drh ause` pe`turjs dr tj&t ei gcdppy hesos. Must fs wj `fi rj`drh ause` di f`fssjttj ly eisjrtein et eitd f `fssjttj rj`drhjr wj `fi rj`drh eigdraftedi di f gcdppyheso ly eisjrtein et eitd f gcdppy heso hrevj ei f `daputjr. j `fi rjwretj ijweigdraftedi ei et.

Page 18: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 18/155

G!$ 0.0 G*+( h!s8 %)h Rj) hr!j

Rji hrevj e< id77ehjcy 0<jh ei !kjpcf`j d" 3dppy%e<?<.

Rji hrevj< `fi kfvjnrf!jr <!drfnj`fpf`e!y `divjieji!!d `frry fih ijjhid! rj10erj f<jpfrf!j hrevj ei !kj`dap0!jr.

G!$.0.: Rj) hr!j

@dapf`! He*. 7 @H

 'idtkjr hjve`j usjh gdr rj`drhein eigdraftedi -fih rjfhein tkja cftjr es tkj `dapf`theso dr %. Xkj fhvfitfnj dg f % es tkft et `fi rjpdrh fldut 733 teajs tkj faduit dg

eigdraftedi tkft `fi lj rj`drhjh di f gcdppy heso. Et `fi rjtfei tkj hftf wetkdut fiyhjnrfhftedi gdr f cdin teaj tdd.Xwd typjs dg %s frj fvfecflcj tdhfy %s di wke`k wj `fi wretj dicy di`j fih tkdsjwke`k wj `fi jrfsj fih wretj ijw eigdraftedi di.Xkj gerst typj dg % es oidwi fs %-+. fih tkj sj`dih typj fs %-+

Page 19: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 19/155

G!$.0.7.= &+'%&" h!s8, +r <H

 j `fi usj f %+< hrevj td rjfh eigdraftedi grda f %.Ei fiy `fsj wj ijjhPhjve`j oidwi fs f % wretjr td rj`drh eigdraftedi di fiy oeih dg %.

G!$.0..=% retjr 

Xdhfy tkjrj es f spj`efc oeih dg % oidwi fs 0 dr enetfc 0jrsftecj eso. Xkjy`fi `ditfei tji teajs tkj hftf di % dr jvji adrj. Xkjy rjquerj 0 hrevjs tdrjfh fih 0 wretjrs td rj`drh.

>en.:.A. 0 dr enetfc 0jrsftecj eso

Ajadr %!e`.

<jadry ste`os frj hjve`js tkft `fi lj usjh ceoj fiy tkjr stdrfnj hjve`j ei f`daputjr *ei`j et es jfsy td usj tkja fih tkjy lj `diij`tjh td sjvjrfc eistruajitsajadry ste`os frj lj`daein pdpucfr tdhfy. Et `fi lj `diij`tjh idt dicy td `daputjrslut fcsd td hjve`js ceoj henetfc `fa preitjrs fih sd di. Et es f stdrfnj hjve`j wke`k `filj jfsecy `frrejh frduih.

G!$ 0.>Aj'+r( "!&8 +( s"!&8

%`fiijr 

Page 20: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 20/155

Et es fi eiput hjve`j. Et `dccj`ts hftf ly rj`drhein vfcujs dg lrenktijss gdr safcc hdtswkecj advein f`rdds tkj surgf`j.

>en.:.?3. *`fiijr 

Du!pu! Hj)e`j*Rjrepjrfc*j ijjh spjfojrs td cestji td ause` dr spjj`k grda f `daputjr fih f ae`rdpkdijtd rj`drh sduihs. j ijjh f preitjr td trfisgjr eigdraftedi grda tkj `daputjr ditdpfpjr dr f `fajrf td trfisgjr s`jijs eitd f `daputjr. Xkjsj frj hjve`js tkft `filj `diij`tjh td f `daputjr fih usjh. *u`k j&tjrifccy `diij`tjh hjve`js tkft frj

usjh gdr eiput-dutput purpdsjs frj oidwi fs pjrepkjrfcs ei njijrfc.

@dapu!jr adie!dr ' `daputjr adietdr dr f `daputjr hespcfy es fi jcj`trdie` vesufc hespcfy gdr`daputjrs. ' adietdr usufccy `dapresjs tkj hespcfy hjve`j `er`uetry `fsein fihpdwjr suppcy. Xkj hespcfy hjve`j ei adhjri adietdrs es type`fccy f tkei geca trfisestdr cequeh `rystfc hespcfy (X>X-8%) dr f gcft pfijc 8J hespcfy wkecj dchjr adietdrsusjh f `ftkdhj rfy tuljs (%+X). Et `fi lj `diij`tjh td tkj `daputjr vef 0,' 0E6<E espcfy "drt Xkuihjrldct 80* (8dw-vdctfnj heggjrjitefc senifcein) dr dtkjrprdprejtfry `diij`tdrs fih senifcs.reneifccy daputjr adietdrs wjrj usjh gdr hftf prd`jssein wkecj tjcjvesedi

rj`jevjrs wjrj usjh gdr jitjrtfeiajit. >rda tkj ?CA3s diwfrhs `daputjrs (fihtkjer adietdrs) kfvj ljji usjh gdr ldtk hftf prd`jssein fih jitjrtfeiajit wkecjtjcjvesedis kfvj eapcjajitjh sdaj `daputjr gui`tedifcety. Xkj `daadi fspj`trfted dg tjcjvesedis fih `daputjr adietdrs kfs `kfinjh grda :9 td ?L?3 td ?LC.

>en. :.??.<dietdr >cdppy heso hrevjs fih % hrevjs frj pjrepkjrfc hjve`js. Xkjrj frj dtkjr pjrepkjrfc hjve`jsfcsd. j skfcc cjfri wetkdut sdaj dg tkj eapdrtfit dijs.

Rrei!jr Et rjgjrs td tkj `daputjr dutput hjve`j tkft es `fpflcj dg preitein tkj fcpkf-iuajre` `kfrf`tjrsfih nrfpke`s di f pfpjr. Xkjrj frj tkrjj typjs dg preitjrs. Xkjy frj dt-aftre& preitjr Eio-jt

Page 21: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 21/155

"reitjr fih 8fsjr "reitjr. ' preitjr trfiscftjs tkj prd`jssjh hftf eitd f gdra uihjrstfihflcj tdtkj usjr fih afojs f preit dut dg et.

>en. :.?1.8fsjr "reitjr 

%pjf.jr**pjfojrs frj pjrepkjrfcs td cestji td ause` dr spjj`k grda f `daputjr fih fae`rdpkdij es usjh td rj`drh sduihs.

>en. :.?9.*pjfojrs

Adhjadu aust kfvj kjfrh fldut tkj ncdlfc wdro dg `daputjrs oidwi fs Eitjrijt. j`fi ceio td tkj Eitjrijt dicy eg wj `diij`t tkj `daputjr td f tjcjpkdij ceij f `flcjtkrdunk f hjve`j; oidwi fs fadhja. Xkj wdrh Fadhja; es gdrajh grda tkj gerstpfrts dg tkj wdrhs adhucftedi fih hjadhucftedi. Xkj adhja es f hjve`j tkft

`divjrts fifcdn senifcs eitd henetfc senifcs tkft tkj `daputjr `fi uihjrstfih fihhenetfc senifcs eitd fifcdn senifcs. Xkjrjgdrj tkj adhja es ldtk fi eiput fih dutputhjve`j.<dhjas tkft `fi lj aduitjh eisehj tkj systja uiet fih ojpt dutsehj frjfvfecflcj

>en..:.?:. <dhja

Ziei!jrrup!jh Rd+jr %uppc Zie! (ZR%"Eg tkj pdwjr gfecs suhhjicy wkji tkj `daputjr wdroein et `duch `fusj kfra td tkj

af`keij. Xkj eigdraftedi tkft es ljein prd`jssjh eisehj tkj `daputjr ft tkft teaj `duch

fcsd lj cdst. Ei drhjrtdprjvjit su`k hfafnj.j usj 5"* td prdvehj pdwjr

`diteiuduscy tdtkj `daputjr gdr sdaj adrj teaj jvji wkji wkji tkjrj es pdwjr

gfecurj. Xkjrjgdrj pdwjr suppcy td f daputjr skduch lj tkrdunk f 5"*.

F Cf*jr Rrei!jr prei! dij pfnj f!f !eaj u*ein cf*jr -jfa* fihjcj`!rd pd!dnrfpe`

!j`ie,uj*5Fi &i.7j! prei!jr *dd!*jcj`!rdie`fcc `frnjh ei.pfr!e`cj* di !j pfpjr !d prei!5

Page 22: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 22/155

>en..:.?7. 5"*

KZLXkj kul es f pej`j dg jquepajit usjh td `diij`t adrj tkfi twd `driputjrsEigdrieftedigrda tkj `daputjrs es `daauie`ftjh td jf`k dtkjr tkaunk tkj kul. Xkj kul es`diij`tjh td tkj `daputjrs wetk spj`efc typj dg werjs dr `flcjs.

>en.:.?L 6ulC5@H Rrdj`!drXkj 8% (8equeh %rystfc espcfy) prdj`tdr es f pej`j dg jquepajit tkft `fi lj`diij`tjh td f `daputjr ei pcf`j dg f adietdr. Et es fi dutput hjve`j tkft es usjh tdprdj`t wkft es sjji di tkj adietdr di td f cfrnjr s`rjji. Et kjcps us td skdw tkjeafnjs td f cfrnjr nrdup dg fuheji`j.

G!$.0./. C<H Rr+5j&"+r

6j- @FA Hene!fc @fajrf* ' wjl`fa es f vehjd `fajrf tkft gjjhs dr strjfas ets eafnj ei rjfc teaj td dr tkrdunk f`daputjr td `daputjr ijtwdro. kji V`fpturjhV ly tkj `daputjr tkj vehjd strjfaafy lj sfvjh vejwjh dr sjit di td dtkjr ijtwdros vef systjas su`k fs tkj eitjrijtfih jafec fs fi fttf`kajit. kji sjit td f rjadtj cd`ftedi tkj vehjd strjfa afy ljsfvjh vejwjh dr di sjit tkjrj. 5iceoj fi E" `fajrf(wke`k `diij`ts usein Jtkjrijt dr

e->e) f wjl`fa es njijrfccy `diij`tjh ly f 5*$ `flcj dr seaecfr `flcj dr luect eitd`daputjr kfrhwfrj su`k fs cfptdps.Xkj tjra Owjl`faO (f `ceppjh `dapduih) afy fcsd lj usjh ei ets dreneifc sjisj dg fvehjd `fajrf `diij`tjh td tkj jl `diteiuduscy gdr fi eihjgeietj teaj rftkjr tkfi gdr fpfrte`ucfr sjssedi njijrfccy suppcyein f vejw gdr fiydij wkd vesets ets wjl pfnj dvjrtkj Eitjrijt. *daj dg tkja gdr j&fapcj tkdsj usjh fs diceij trfgge` `fajrfs frjj&pjisevj runnjh prdgjssedifc vehjd `fajrfs.

Page 23: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 23/155

0en535= 6j-`fa ' henetfc `fajrf dr hene`fa es f `fajrf tkft ji`dhjs henetfc eafnjs fih vehjds henetfccyfih stdrjs tkja gdr cftjr rjprdhu`tedi. <dst `fajrfs sdch tdhfy frj henetfc fih henetfc`fajrfs frj ei`drpdrftjh eitd afiy hjve`js rfinein grda "'s fih adlecj pkdijs(`fccjh`fajrf pkdijs) td vjke`cjs.enetfc fih geca `fajrfs skfrj fi dpte`fc systja type`fccy usein f cjis wetk f vfreflcjhefpkrfna td gd`us cenkt ditd fi eafnj pe`oup hjve`j. Xkj hefpkrfna fih skuttjr fhaettkj `drrj`t faduit dg cenkt td tkj eafnjr ust fs wetk geca lut tkj eafnj pe`oup hjve`j esjcj`trdie` rftkjr tkfi `kjae`fc. 6dwjvjr uiceoj geca `fajrfs henetfc `fajrfs `fihespcfy eafnjs di f s`rjji eaajheftjcy fgtjr ljein rj`drhjh fih stdrj fih hjcjtjeafnjs grda ajadry. <fiy henetfc `fajrfs `fi fcsd rj`drh advein vehjds wetk sduih.

*daj henetfc `fajrfs `fi `rdp fih stet`k pe`turjs fih pjrgdra dtkjr jcjajitfry eafnjjhetein.

0en535=:5 Hene`fa

0rda `fc`ucf!ein Af`eij* !d @dapu!jr*<dhjri `daputjrs `fi hd cfoks dg `fc`ucftedis ei spcet dg f sj`dih `frry dut fifcyses

fih hd afiy dls ft dij teaj. Xkj spjjh es spj`egejh ei tjras dg tkj `fpflecetejs dg fsafcc `kep oidwi fs f ae`rdprd`jssdr. Xkj spjjh dg f prd`jssdr es usufccy hjidtjh lytkj grjquji`y dg tkj jcj`tre`fc pucsjs tkft `ditrdc tkj prd`jssjs eisehj et. du austkfvj kjfrh fldut spjjhs ceoj A33 ajnfkjrt! (<6!) fih ?.1 nenf kjrt! (,6!).<jnfajfis dij aeccedi (tji cfoks) fih ,enf ajfis dij leccedi (dij kuihrjh `rdrjs).

>en.:.13. 8fptdp `daputjr Xkj eigdraftedi `ditfeijh ei tjis dg tkdusfihs dg lddos `fi lj stdrjh ei f `daputjr eiydur cfl wetk f kfrh heso dg :3 ,enf lytj stdrfnj `fpf`ety. >evj yjfrs lf`o `daputjrskfh cjss tkfi f tjitk dg tkj ajadry stdrfnj `fpf`ety dr spjjh dg tdhfy;s af`keijs.<drjdvjr dicy f ceaetjh iualjr dg `daputjrs kfh tkj `fpflecety td lj dpjrftjh wetk tkjkjcp dg f adusj. ij kfh td nevj eistru`tedis ly typein tkja di tkj ojy ldfrh ei drhjr td usj fiy fppce`ftedi. ij kfh td rjajaljr kuihrjhs dg eistru`tedis gdr hdein tkes.

Page 24: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 24/155

Xkj stftus dg `daputjrs wfs jiterjcy heggjrjit tji yjfrs fnd grda wkft wj sjj tdhfy -`daputjrs tkft `duch idt hespcfy pe`turjs dr `dcdurs dr prdhu`j sduihsZ *tecc tkjy wjrjvjry safrt gdr tkdsj teajs. Xkerty yjfes fnd tkjrj wjrj id pjrsdifc `daputjrs tkjoeih wj sjj tdhfy.%daputjrs ljnfi njttein safccjr fgtjr tkj eivjitedi dg tkj ae`rdprd`jssdr ei tkj ?CH3s.

kft kfs hjvjcdpjh eitd tkj adhjri `daputjr stfrtjh ei fi jggdrt td afoj hdein`fc`ucftedis seapcjr. jve`js su`k fs tkj 'lf`us fih #fpejr;s streps wjrj sdaj dg tkjgerst `fc`ucftein af`keijs.

>en.:.1?. "fcatdp `daputjr 

J#&F@Jvdcutedi dg adhjri `daputjrs afy lj `disehjrjh td kfvj stfrtjh wetk tkj jcj`trdie`af`keij `fccjh tkjJcj`trdie` #uajre`fc Eitjnrftdr fih %fc`ucftdr (J#E'%)

>en.:.115 Mdki vdi Ijuafii wetkJIEF@Xkj J#E'% wfs afhj ust gegty yjfrs fnd. Xkj gerst jcj`trdie` `daputjr tkj Jcj`trdie`

#uajre`fc Eitjnrftdr fih %daputjr (J#E'%) wfs hjvjcdpjh ei ?C:L. Et tddo up ?A33

squfrj gjjt fih wjenkjh 93 tdis.Xkj trfisgdraftedi dg tkj `daputjr .grda J#c'%wke`k

wfs fs kunj fs f hdulcj -stdrejh luechein td tkj "fcatdp tkft `fi lj `frrejh ei ydur

pd`ojt wfs f`kejvjh fs f rjsuct dg tkj hjvjcdpajits tkft kfppjijh ei jcj`trdie`s. j

`fi sfy tkft tkj nrdwtk grda tkj vf`uua tulj td tkj sece`di `kep kjcpjh td lrein tkj

kunj `daputjr eitd dur kfihs.

@fp!jr 1XURJ% D0 @DARZXJ\%

Page 25: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 25/155

6f! frj !j Heggjrji! Xpj* dg @dapu!jr*<

kji adst pjdpcj kjfr tkj wdrh V`daputjrV tkjy tkeio dg f pjrsdifc `daputjr su`k fsf hjsotdp dr cfptdp `daputjr. 6dwjvjr daputjrs `daj ei afiy skfpjs fih se!js

fih tkjy pjrgdra afiy heggjrjit gui`tedis ei dur hfecy cevjs. kji ydu wetkhrfw `fskgrda fi 'X< s`fi nrd`jrejs ft tkj stdrj dr usj f `fc`ucftdr yduOrj usein f typj dg`daputjr.

Xrjj

@daputjr

Fifcd !eetfc "#lre$

%upjr

@daputjrs

Afei&rfaj

@daputjrs

Aeie

@daputjrs

Ae'rd

@daputjrs

Ae`rd`dapu!jr* (pjr*difc `dapu!jr*"<e`rd`daputjrs frj tkj adst `daadi oeih dg `daputjrs ei usj fs dg 13?:. Xkj tjraWae`rd`daputjr^ wfs eitrdhu`jh wetk tkj fhvjit dg systjas lfsjh di seincj `kep ae`rd-

prd`jssdrs. Xkj ljst-oidwi jfrcy systja wfs tkj 'ctfer AA33 eitrdhu`jh ei ?CH7. Xkjtjra ;ae`rd`dapu!jr; kfs prf`te`fccy lj`daj fi fif`krdiesa.Xkjsj `daputjrs ei`cuhj

Hj*.!dp `dapu!jr* B ' fsj fih f hespcfy put uihjr fih di f hjso.

&i7`fr `dapu!jr* (`frpu!jr*" B $uect eitd f `fr gdr jitjrtfeiajit

ifvenftedi jt`. Nfaj `di*dcj* B >e&jh `daputjrs spj`efce!jh gdr jitjrtfeiajit purpdsjs

(vehjd nfajs). %afccjr ae`rd`dapu!jr* frj fcsd `fccjh adlecj hjve`js

Cfp!dp* fih id!j-dd. `dapu!jr* B "drtflcj fih fcc ei dij `fsj.

Xf-cj! `dapu!jr G 8eoj cfptdps lut wetk f tdu`k-s`rjji jiterjcy rjpcf`ein

tkj pkyse`fc ojyldfrh.Xkjsj usj f tdu`k-sjisetevj s`rjji gdr typein fihifvenftedi. *ei`j tkjy hdiOt rjquerj f ojyldfrh dr adusj tflcjt `daputjrsfrj jvji adrj pdrtflcj tkfi cfptdps. Xkj e"fh es fi j&fapcj dg f tflcjt`daputjr.

%afr!pdij*> *afr!-dd.*> RHF* fih pfca!dp `dapu!jr* B *afcc

kfihkjch `daputjrs wetk ceaetjh kfrhwfrj. Rrdnrfaaf-cj `fc`ucf!dr  B 8eoj safcc kfihkjchs lut spj`efce!jh di

aftkjafte`fc wdro.

Page 26: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 26/155

Kfihjch nfaj `di*dcj* B Xkj sfaj fs nfaj `disdcjs lut safcc fih

pdrtflcj.

F hj*.!dp `dapu!jr <fiy pjdpcj usj hjsotdp `daputjrs ft wdro kdaj s`kddc dr tkj celrfry. Xkjy `fi ljsafcc ajheua dr cfrnj ei stycj fih usufccy set di f hjso. i`j ydu fhh f adietdr

adusj fih f ojyldfrh ydu kfvj wkft es type`fccy oidwi fs f hjsotdp `daputjr.

<dst hjsotdp `daputjrs frj jfsy td upnrfhj fih j&pfih dr fhh ijw pfrts. 'idtkjr ljijget dg hjsotdp `daputjrs es tkj `dst. Eg ydu `dapfrj f hjsotdp fih f cfptdpwetk tkj sfaj gjfturjs ydu wecc adst ceojcy geih tkft tkj hjsotdp `daputjr es pre`jhcdwjr.*daj hjsotdp `daputjrs kfvj f luect-ei adietdr td sfvj spf`j. Xkjsj frj dgtji`fccjh fcc-ei-dij hjsotdp `daputjrs.Cfp!dp @dapu!jr*Xkj sj`dih typj dg `daputjr tkft ydu afy lj gfaecefr wetk es f cfptdp `daputjr drcfptdps fs tkjy frj dgtji rjgjrrjh td.8fptdps frj lfttjry dr '%-pdwjrjh pjrsdifc `daputjrs tkft frj adrj pdrtflcj tkfi

hjsotdp `daputjrs fccdwein ydu td usj tkja fcadst fiywkjrj.*ei`j f cfptdp es safccjr tkfi f hjsotdp etOs adrj hegge`uct td f``jss tkj eitjrifc`dapdijits. Xkft ajfis ydu afy idt lj flcj td upnrfhj tkja fs au`k fs f hjsotdp.6dwjvjr etOs usufccy pdsselcj td fhh adrj +'< dr f lennjr kfrh hrevj.' cfptdp`daputjr es sdajteajs `fccjh f idtjlddo `daputjr lj`fusj dg ets se!j.

%J\8J\%

F *jr)jr rdda ' sjrvjr es f `daputjr tkft Vsjrvjs upV eigdraftedi td dtkjr `daputjrs di f ijtwdro.<fiy luseijssjs kfvj gecj sjrvjrs tkft japcdyjjs `fi usj td stdrj fih skfrj gecjs. '

sjrvjr `fi cddo ceoj f rjnucfr hjsotdp `daputjr dr et `fi lj au`k cfrnjr.*jrvjrs fcsd pcfy fi eapdrtfit rdcj ei afoein tkj eitjrijt wdro tkjy frj wkjrj wjlpfnjs frj stdrjh.kji ydu usj ydur lrdwsjr td `ce`o f ceio f wjl sjrvjr hjcevjrs tkjpfnj ydu rjqujstjh.D!jr Xpj* dg Rdr!f-cj @dapu!jr*Xdhfy tkjrj frj afiy heggjrjit typjs dg `daputjrs tkft ydu `fi luy fih sdaj dg tkjafrj jvji adrj pdrtflcj tkfi cfptdps. 6jrj frj f gjw `daadi j&fapcjsXkje"fh ftypj dg tflcjt `daputjr Ad-ecj Rdij*<fiy adlecj pkdijs `fi hd f cdt dg tkeins f `daputjr `fi hd su`k fs lrdwsein tkjeitjrijt dr pcfyein nfajs. Xkjsj pkdijs frj dgtji `fccjh safrt pkdijs.

,faj %disdcjs ' nfaj `disdcj es f spj`efce!jh oeih dg `daputjr tkft es usjh gdrpcfyein vehjd nfajs. 'ctkdunk tkjy frj idt fs guccy-gjfturjh fs f hjsotdp `daputjrafiy ijwjr `disdcjs su`k fs tkj #eitjihd ee fccdw ydu td hd idi-nfaein tfsos ceojlrdwsein tkj eitjrijt.X8*/ <fiy X0s idw ei`cuhj fppce`ftedis (dr fpps) tkft cjt ydu f``jss vfredus typjs dgdiceij `ditjit. >dr j&fapcj ydu `fi vejw ydur >f`j lddo ijws gjjh dr wft`kstrjfaein advejs di #jt gce&.R@* fih Af`*

Page 27: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 27/155

"jrsdifc `daputjrs `daj ei twd afei VstycjsV "% fih <f`.$dtk stycjs frj guccy gui`tedifc lut tkjy hd kfvj f heggjrjit cddo fih gjjc fih afiypjdpcj prjgjr dij dr tkj dtkjr. ' R@ B (stfrtjh ly E$<) ' Af` - (<f`eitdsk) stfrtjh ly 'ppcj B <e`rd `daputjrs B 'ppcj-? 'ppcj EE EEE fih

geifccy td <f`.'ctkdunk "% `fi rjgjr td fi E$< "% %dapftelcj tkj tjra `fi fcsd ljusjh td rjgjr td fiy pjrsdifc `daputjr ei`cuhein <f`s.

Aeie`dapu!jr* (aehrfinj `dapu!jr*"<eie`daputjrs (`dccdquefccy aeies) frj f `cfss dg aucte-usjr `daputjrs tkft cej ei tkjaehhcj rfinj dg tkj `daputein spj`trua ei ljtwjji tkj safccjst afeigrfaj `daputjrsfih tkj cfrnjst seincj-usjr systjas (ae`rd`daputjrs dr pjrsdifc `daputjrs). Xkj tjrasupjraeie`daputjr dr supjraeie wfs usjh td hesteinuesk adrj pdwjrguc aeie`daputjrstkft fpprdf`kjh afeigrfajs ei `fpflecety. *upjraeies wjrj usufccy 91-let ft f teajwkji adst aeie`daputjrs wjrj ?L-let. Xkj `ditjapdrfry tjra gdr aeie`daputjr esaehrfinj `daputjr su`k fs tkj kenkjr-jih *"'+% "J+ fih Etfieua-lfsjhsystjas grda rf`cj %drpdrftedi E$< fih 6jwcjtt-"f`ofrh.

Xkjsj frj usjh ly Eisurfi`j %dapfiejs $fio >f`tdrejs JX%. gdr ojjpein rj`drhs. 'ccdws auctepcj usjrs td wdro seauctfijduscy.AF&# 0\FAJ @DARZXJ\<feigrfaj %daputjrs frj j&pjisevj cfrnj `jitrfce!jh `daputjrs. Xkj tjra afeigrfaj`daputjr wfs `rjftjh td hesteinuesk tkj trfhetedifc cfrnj eistetutedifc `daputjreitjihjh td sjrve`j auctepcj usjrs grda tkj safccjr seincj usjr af`keijs. Xkjsj`daputjrs frj `fpflcj dg kfihcein fih prd`jssein vjry cfrnj faduits dg hftf que`ocy.<feigrfaj `daputjrs frj usjh ei cfrnj eistetutedis su`k fs ndvjriajit lfios fihcfrnj `drpdrftedis. Xkjy frj ajfsurjh ei <E"* (<eccedi Eistru`tedis "jr *j`dih) fihrjspdih td up td ?33s dg aeccedis dg usjrs ft f teaj. Et es f aucte usjr `daputjr fih kfvjcfrnj ajadry.Et es `fpflcj dg kfvein spjjhs dg tkj drhjr dg sjvjrfc leccedis dg gcdftein-

pdeit-dpjrftedis pjr sj`dih.Xkjsj `daputjrs kjcp ei rfecwfy rjsjrvftedi fih su`kdtkjr dpjrftedis.8jss pdwjrguc tkfi *upjr %daputjrs.%fi kfihcj sjvjrfc E4hjve`js.jsenijh td kfihcj trjajihdus faduits dg eiput dutput fih stdrfnj.

%ZRJ\ @DARZXJ\ ' supjr`daputjr es f `daputjr wetk nrjft spjjh fih ajadry. Xkes oeih dg `daputjr`fi hd dls gfstjr tkfi fiy dtkjr `daputjr dg ets njijrftedi. Xkjy frj usufccytkdusfihs dg teajs gfstjr tkfi drheifry pjrsdifc `daputjrs afhj ft tkft teaj. *5"J+%<"5XJ+* frj j&tjisevjcy usjh gdr sdcvein vjry cfrnj `daputftedifc prdlcjas eis`ejitege` rjsjfr`k Jineijjrein Eihustry hjgjisj fih luseijss gdr vfrejty dgfppce`ftedis ceoj adcj`ucfr hyifae`s fjrdspf`j iu`cjfr wjfpdi sjesae` stuhejs dec

j&pcdrftedis njdcdny jt`.*upjr`daputjr prd`jssein spjjhs frj ajfsurjh ei >cdftein"deit pjrftedis "jr *j`dih dr >8"*. '#5"'< %rfy-? "frfa "fhaf frj sdaj supjr `daputjrs.0er*! *upjr `dapu!jr/ %rfy-?

Page 28: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 28/155

>en.7.?. ' %rfy-? prjsjrvjh ft tkj juts`kjs <usjua

RF\FA 444 es `disehjrjh EihefOs gerst supjr`daputjr ei Eihef. Et wfs eihenjiduscy luectei ?CC3 ly %jitrj gdr jvjcdpajit dg 'hvfi`jh %daputein fih wfs rjpce`ftjh fiheistfccjh ft E%' <ds`dw ei ?CC? uihjr +ussefi `dccfldrftedi.Fiupfaes f sjrejs dg supjr`daputjrs hjsenijh fih hjvjcdpjh ly $kflkf 'tdae`+jsjfr`k %jitrj ($'+%) gdr tkjer eitjrifc usj.

,evji tkj `urrjit spjjh dg prdnrjss eihustry j&pjrts jsteaftj tkft supjr`daputjrs weccrjf`k ? J>8"* (?3?A ?333 ">8"* dr dij queiteccedi >8"*) ly 13?A. Xkj%keijsj ndvjriajit ei pfrte`ucfr es puskein td f`kejvj tkes ndfc fgtjr tkjy lrejgcyf`kejvjh tkj adst pdwjrguc supjr`daputjr ei tkj wdrch wetk Xefikj-?' ei 13?3 (rfiojhgegtk ly 13?1).

%upjr `dapu!jr* dg &ihefRF\FA Uu)f &&5ivjecjh di A >jlrufry 13?9 tkes supjr`daputjr wfs afhj ly %jitrj gdrjvjcdpajit dg 'hvfi`jh %daputein ei f pjredh dg tkrjj aditks ft f `dst dg ?L3aeccedi (5*[1 aeccedi). Et pjrgdras ft f pjfo dg 71: tjrfgcdp4s fldut ?3 teajs gfstjr tkfitkj prjsjit gf`ecety fih wecc `disuaj 97U cjss jijrny fs `dapfrjh td tkj j&estein

gf`ecety.%FNF7224*','-113 luect ly E*+ es `fpflcj dg pjrgdraein ft 113333 nenfgcdp4s (113tjrfgcdp4s). Et usjs fldut :33 #0EE' Xjscf13H3 ,"5s fih :33 Eitjc @ufh %drj ]jdi%"5s.J$FJG' es f supjr`daputjr luect ly tkj %daputftedifc +jsjfr`k 8fldrftdrejs wetkkfrhwfrj prdvehjh ly 6jwcjtt-"f`ofrh.Xkes es hjvjcdpjh ly Xftf sdis. Et es `fpflcj dgpjrgdraein ft ?91A33 nenfgcdp4s dr ?91 tjrfgcdp4s.8&\ND Eihefi Eistetutj dg Xj kidcdny <fhrfs kfs f C?.? tjrfgcdp4s af`keij `fccjh 0ernd. Et es

rfiojh fs 9L: ei tkj Xdp 733 #dvjaljr-13?1 cest.8e.rfa7=44Eifunurftjh di 1L Muij 13?7 ly "rdg. 5. +. +fd ft tkj "kyse`fc +jsjfr`k 8fldrftdrytkj 0eorfa-?33 es f 6enk "jrgdrafi`j %daputein (6"%) %custjr (ifajh fgtjr jaeijits`ejitest r0eorfa *frflkfe) wetk adrj tkfi ?33 tjrfgcdps dg sustfeijh pjrgdrafi`j.

Lf*.frfXkj supjr`daputjr wetk f kenk-rjsdcutedi rjnedifc adhjcs wecc lj hjhe`ftjh td tkjiftedi di Muij 1 ly 5iedi <eiestjr gdr Jfrtk *`eji`js 6frsk 0frhkfi.

Page 29: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 29/155

@CF%%J% LU 0Z#@X&D#%jr)jr**jrvjr usufccy rjgjrs td f `daputjr tkft es hjhe`ftjh td prdvehj f sjrve`j. >dr j&fapcj

f `daputjr hjhe`ftjh td f hftflfsjafylj `fccjh f Vhftflfsj sjrvjrV. V>ecj sjrvjrsVafifnj f cfrnj `dccj`tedi dg `daputjr gecjs. Vjl sjrvjrsV prd`jss wjl pfnjs fih wjlfppce`ftedis. <fiy safccjr sjrvjrs frj f`tufccy pjrsdifc `daputjrs tkft kfvj ljjihjhe`ftjh td prdvehj sjrve`js gdr dtkjr `daputjrs.6dr.*!f!edi*drostftedis frj `daputjrs tkft frj eitjihjh td sjrvj dij usjr fih afy `ditfeispj`efc kfrhwfrj jikfi`jajits idt gduih di f pjrsdifc `daputjr. $y tkj aeh ?CC3spjrsdifc `daputjrs rjf`kjh tkj prd`jssein `fpflecetejs dg <eie `daputjrs fihdrostftedis. 'csd wetk tkj rjcjfsj dg aucte-tfsoein systjas su`k fs *41 eihdws#X fih 8eiu& tkj dpjrftein systjas dg pjrsdifc `daputjrs `duch hd tkj dl dg tkes`cfss dg af`keijs.

&igdraf!edi fppcefi`j*Eigdraftedi fppcefi`js frj `daputjrs spj`efccy hjsenijh td pjrgdra f spj`ege` Vusjr-grejihcyV gui`tedi\su`k fs pcfyein ause` pkdtdnrfpky dr jhetein tj&t. Xkj tjra es adst`daadicy fppcejh td adlecj hjve`js tkdunk tkjrj frj fcsd pdrtflcj fih hjsotdphjve`js dg tkes `cfss.Ja-jhhjh `dapu!jr*Jaljhhjh `daputjrs frj `daputjrs tkft frj f pfrt dg f af`keij dr hjve`j. Jaljhhjh`daputjrs njijrfccy j&j`utj fprdnrfa tkft es stdrjh ei idi-vdcftecj ajadry fih es dicyeitjihjh td dpjrftj f spj`ege` af`keij dr hjve`j. Jaljhhjh `daputjrs frj vjry`daadi. Jaljhhjh `daputjrs frj type`fccy rjquerjh td dpjrftj `diteiuduscy wetkdutljein rjsjt dr rjlddtjh fih di`j japcdyjh ei tkjer tfso tkj sdgtwfrj usufccy `fiidt ljadhegejh. 'i futdadlecj afy `ditfei f iualjr dg jaljhhjh `daputjrs= kdwjvjr fwfskein af`keij fih f 0 pcfyjr wduch `ditfei dicy dij. Xkj `jitrfc prd`jsseinuiets(%"5s) usjh ei jaljhhjh `daputjrs frj dgtji sugge`ejit dicy gdr tkj`daputftedifc rjquerjajits dg tkj spj`ege` fppce`ftedi fih afy lj scdwjr fih `kjfpjrtkfi %"5s gduih ei f pjrsdifc `daputjr.@CF%%J% LU Z%FNJRu-ce` `dapu!jr %daputjrs tkft frj dpji gdr pulce` usjs. Xkjy frj idrafccy gerj wfccjh td prjvjitflusj. <dst frj rjstre`tjh td eistfcc sdgtwfrj. Xkjrj frj afiy pcf`js dij `fi usj tkjasu`k fs %yljr`fgj *`kddcs 8elrfrejs.jt`.Rjr*difc `dapu!jr %daputjrs tkft frj sdcjcy gdr dij usjr. Xkj usjr kfs `dapcjtj f``jss td fiy pfrt dg tkj`daputjr.

Page 30: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 30/155

G!$.:.?. A+l!*j 3+)j %)h "%l*j"

He*pcf `dapu!jr 

@fp!jr B

RF\X% D0 F @DARZXJ\

 'cc typjs dg `daputjrs `disest dg twd lfse` pfrts 6frhwfrj fih *dgtwfrj.

@DARZXJ\ KF\H6F\J

Xkj tjra kfrh wfrj ajfis tkj pkyse`fc jquepajits fih `dapdijits tkft ydu sjjtdu`k fih gjjc ei tkj `daputjr systja. Xkj hftf frj prd`jssjh ly f `dccj`tedi dgjcj`trdie` `er`uets fih dtkjrhjve`js tkft afoj up tkj `daputjr systja. 8eoj stjrjdsystjas `daputjr systjas frj luect grda afiy `dapdijits. 'ctkdunk spj`ege` systjasheggjr jrtfei lfse` `dapdijits dr luechein lcd`os j&et ei fcc `daputjr systjas. Xkjsj`dapdijits frj tkj `jitrfc prd`jssein uiet ajadry tkj eiput hjve`j fih tkj dutputhjve`j.=5 @ji!rfc Rrd`j**ein Zie!Xkj `jitrfc prd`jssein uiet (%"5) sdajteajs rjgjrrjh td fs tkj Flrfei; dg tkj systja estkj pfrt dg tkj `daputjr tkft `ditfeis tkj jcj`trdie` `er`uetry tkft f`tufccy prd`jssjs tkjhftf. '`tein di tkj eistru`tedis et rj`jevjs tkj %"5 pjrgdras dpjrftein di tkj hftf. Xkj%"5 fcsd `ditrdcs tkj gcdw dg hftf tkrdunk tkj systja herj`tein tkj hftf td jitjr tkjsystja pcf`ein hftf ei ajadry fih rjtrejvein tkja wkji ijjhjh fih herj`tein tkjdutput dg eigdraftedi.Xkj %"5 `disests dgFCZ5 Xkj '85 ('retkajte` 8dne` 5iet) pjrgdras fcc tkj fretkajte` `fc`ucftedis fihtfojs Zcdne`fc hj`esedis. Xkes uiet `fi hd fhhetedis sultrf`tedis jt`. fs f `fc`ucftdr fihei fhhetedi et fi fcsd pjrgdra sdaj cdne`fc gui`tedis.Ajadr5 Xkj <jadry 5iet es wkjrj fcc hftf eitjrajheftj fih geifc rjsucts frj stdrjh.Xkj hftf rjfh grda fi eiput uiet dr f afss stdrfnj uiet frj trfisaettjh td tkj

`daputjr;s ajadry uiet wkjrj tkjy frj fvfecflcj gdr prd`jssein. Xkj ajadry uiet esusjh td kdch tkj eistru`tedis td k j&j`utjh (sfy prdnrfa) fih tkj hftf td lj prd`jssjh.@di!rdc Zie!. Xkes `ditrdcs fih `ddrheiftjs tkj f`tevetejs dg fcc dtkjr uiets dg f%daputjr *ystja. Et pjrgdras tkj gdccdwein gui`tedis?. Et `fi njt eistru`tedis dut dg tkj <jadry 5iet1 Et`fi hj`dhj tkj eistru`tedis.9. Et sjts up tkj rdutein tkrdunk tkj eitjrifc werein dg hftf td tkj `drrj`t pcf`j ft tkj`drrj`t teaj.

Page 31: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 31/155

:. Et `fi hjtjraeij tkj stdrfnj grda wkjrj et es td njt tkj ij&t eistru`tedis fgtjr tkjprjvedus eistru`tedi kfs ljji j&j`utjh.25 Ajadr

 ' `daputjr systja fcsd kfs stdrfnj frjfs dgtji rjgjrrjh td fs ajadry. Xkj ajadry`fi rj`jevj kdch fih hjcevjr hftf wkji eistru`tjh td hd sd. ftf tkft frj ljein

prd`jssjh frj kjch ei preafry ajadry (fcsd `fccjh wdroein ajadry dr preafrystdrfnj) wke`k es `fpflcj dg sjihein fih rj`jevein tkj hftf ft vjry kenk spjjhs.*j`dihfry ajadry (fcsd `fccjh cdin-tjra ajadry dr sj`dihfry stdrfnj) stdrjs hftfidt `urrjitcy ljein usjh fih dpjrftjs adrj scdwcy lut et es `fpflcj dg stdrein cfrnjvdcuajs dg hftf. Xkes gdra dgstdrfnjstdrjs tkj hftf pjrafijitcy ei tkj nevji ajhef fihj&fapcjs frj gcdppy hesojttjs afnijte` hesos afnijte` tfpjs afnijte` hruas jt`.?5 &ipu! hj)e`j*ftf frj jitjrjh eitd tkj `daputjr systja ly ajfis dg fi eiput hjve`j. Xkj ojyldfrhes dij dg tkj adst `daadi eiput hjve`js. tkjr `daadi dijs ei`cuhj rjfhjrs dgpui`kjh `frhs pfpjr tfpj fih afnijte` tfpj afnijte` heso cenkt pjr dpte`fcs`fiijrs <E%+ (<fnijte` Eio %kfrf`tjr +j`dnietedi) %+ (pte`fc %kfrf`tjr

+j`dnietedi) fih tkj adusj. Xkjrj frj fcsd uiusufc eiput hjve`js tkft rjspdih tdvde`js fih td tdu`k. i tdu`k-sjisetevj s`rjjis tkj usjr seapcy tdu`kjs tkj cd`ftedidi tkj s`rjji wkjrj tkj hjs`reptedi dg tkj hjserjh dpjrftedi es hespcfyjh= tkj `daputjrsjisjs wkjrj tkj s`rjji kfs ljji tdu`kjh fih pjrgdras tkj eihe`ftjh dpjrftedi.Ei drhjr gdr tkj `daputjr systja td prd`jss hjtfecs dg jf`k `daafih tkj `daafihwecc kf.vj td lj `divjrtjh eitd f af`keij-rjfhflcj gdraft fih tkes es hdij tkrdunk eiputuiet. Xkes uiet wecc trfisaet tkj hftf fs f sjrejs dg jcj`tre`fc pucsjs eitd tkj `daputjr;sajadry uiet wkjrj et wecc lj fvfecflcj gdr prd`jssein. Xkj eiput hjve`j trfiscftjs hftfeitd f `dhj tkft `fi lj rjfhly tkj `daputjr systja;s jcj`trdie` `er`uetry. *daj eiputhjve`js su`k fs tkj ojyldfrh jiflcj tkj usjr td `daauie`ftj herj`tcy wetk tkjaf`keij. tkjrs rjquerj hftf td lj gerst rj`drhjh di fi eiput ajheua su`k fs pfpjr drafnijte!jh aftjrefc.35 Du!pu! Hj)e`j*kji f prdnrfa es j&j`utjh fih tkj rjsucts `daputjh tkdsj rjsucts aust lj afhjfvfecflcj ei f kuafi rjfhflcj gdra. Xkj `daputjr systja ijjhs fi dutput hjve`j td`daauie`ftj tkj prd`jssjh eigdraftedi td tkj usjr. Xkj dutput hjve`j trfiscftjsprd`jssjh hftf grda f af`keij-`dhjh gdra td f gdra tkft `fi lj rjfh fih usjh lypjdpcj. Xkj adst `daadi typjs dg dutput hjve`js frj tkj adietdr wke`k rjsjalcjs ftjcjvesedi s`rjji fih tkj preitjr wke`k preits `dpy gdra tkj `daputjr ditd pfpjrafnijte` tfpj afnijte` heso fih gcdppy hesojttj. 'idtkjr `daadi dutput hjve`j es tkjnrfpke`s pcdttjr wke`k prdhu`js nrfpks `kfrts dr tj`kie`fc hrfweins di pfpjr. ' ijwtypj dg dutput hjve`j ljein hjvjcdpjh idw es tkj spjj`k syitkjse!jr f aj`kfiesafttf`kjh td tkj `daputjr tkft prdhu`js vjrlfc dutput sduihein fcadst ceoj kuafispjj`k.

%D0X6F\J*dgtwfrj es fiy sjt dg eistru`tedis tkft tjccs tkj kfrhwfrj wkft td hd. Et es wkft nuehjstkj kfrhwfrj fih tjccs et kdw td f``dapcesk jf`k tfso. *dgtwfrj es f sjt dg prdnrfaswke`k es stdrjh ei tkj j&tjrifc stdrfnj ei tkj gdra dg gecjs. %dapresjs dg ftf fih

Page 32: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 32/155

Eistru`tedis.>ecjs ei wke`k hftf es stdrjh frj `fccjh ftf >ecjs.Eistru`tedi gecjs frj `fccjhfs prdnrfas.*daj j&fapcjs dg sdgtwfrj frj wjl lrdwsjrs nfajs fih wdrh prd`jssdrs su`k fs<e`rdsdgt drh.

 'iytkein ydu luy gdr ydur `daputjr `fi lj `cfssegejh fs jetkjr kfrhwfrj dr sdgtwfrj.

i`j ydu cjfri adrj fldut tkjsj etjas `daputjrs frj f`tufccy vjry strfenktgdrwfrh. ' adtkjrldfrh (kfrhwfrj) <e`rdsdgt drh (sdgtwfrj)%cfssege`ftedi dg *dgtwfrj. *dgtwfrj `fi lj cfssegejh eitde. *ystja *dgtwfrjEe. 'ppce`ftedi *dgtwfrj

e5 %U%XJA %D0X6F\J ' `daputjr `dajs td cegj lj`fusj dg tkj systja *dgtwfrj. Et afifnjs stdrfnj fihrjtrejvfc dg hftf E4 dpjrftedis jt`.ij dg tkj adst eapdrtfit `ftjndry dg systja sdgtwfrj es tkj pjrftein *ystja.

Jn. <* * 5#E] E#* '""8J <'%6E#X6*6

ee5 Fppce`f!edi %dg!+frj<jfit gdr spj`ege` fppce`ftedi. J&fapcj ?. drh prd`jssein. "rjpfrftedi dg cjttjrshd`uajits jt`. "rdvehj gjfturjs gdr (f) jitjrein wdrhs sjitji`j jt`.(l). %drrj`tein tkjjitrejs.J&fapcj 1. *prjfh *kjjts >dr <ftkjafte`fc `fc`ucftedis fih prjpfrftedi dg nrfpks."dpucfr *prjfhskjjt *dgtwfrj frj- (f) <* J&`jc (l) 8X5* ?-1-9

j7XF&C6F\J Et es f sdgtwfrj gdr `rjftein di-ceij `ftfcdnujs drhjrein gdras `rjhet `kj`oein fihseaecfr sjrve`js gdr wjlsetjs tkft sjccs nddhs fih sjrve`js td `disuajrs.

@fp!jr

Kd+ hdj* f `dapu!jr *!drj Hf!f<Hf!f Kejrfr`8estjh kjrj ei fs`jihein drhjr dg `dapcj&ety frj tkj `dapdijits dg tkj hftf kejrfr`kyei fi eigdraftedi systja?.$et1. $ytj9. >ejch dr etja

:. +j`drh7. >ecj dr hftf sjtL. ftflfsjXkes es `fccjh f hftf kejrfr`ky lj`fusj hftflfsjs frj `dapdsjh dg gecjs= gecjs frj`dapdsjh dg rj`drhs fih sd di.=5 Le!5 Xkj tjra let es skdrt gdr leifry henet. Et `fi fssuaj jetkjr dg twd pdsselcj stftjsfih tkjrjgdrj `fi rjprjsjit jetkjr f ? dr 3. Ei sj`dihfry stdrfnj f let type`fccyrjprjsjits hftftkrdunk tkj pdsetevj dr ijnftevj pdcfrety dg fi jcj`tre`fc `kfrnj di f

Page 33: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 33/155

afnijte` rj`drhein ajheuasu`k fs tfpj dr heso. *jae`dihu`tdr stdrfnj es usufccy usjhgdr preafry stdrfnj. Ei sjae`dihu`tdr stdrfnj f let es rjprjsjitjh ly fi jcj`tre`fc `er`uettkft es jetkjr `dihu`tein dr idt `dihu`tein jcj`tre`ety.25 L!j5 Xkj flecety td rjprjsjit dicy leifry henets (lets) ei f `daputjr systja es idtsugge`ejit gdr luseijss eigdraftedi prd`jssein. #uajre` fih fcpkfljte` `kfrf`tjrs fs

wjcc fs fwehj vfrejty dg spj`efc `kfrf`tjrs su`k fs hdccfr senis qujstedi afros fihqudtftedi afrosaust lj stdrjh. Ei f `daputjr systja f `kfrf`tjr dg eigdraftedi es`fccjh lytj. ' lytj dgeigdraftedi es stdrjh ly usein sjvjrfc lets ei spj`egejh `daleiftedi`fccjh let pfttjris. ij wehjcy usjh let pfttjri gdr pjrsdifc `daputjrs fih hftf`daauie`ftedis es tkj 'ajre`fi *tfihfrh %dhj gdr Eigdraftedi Eitjr`kfinj ('*%EE).

 '*%EE usjs sjvji lets td rjprjsjit dij `kfrf`tjr. Jf`k ? dr 3 `drrjspdihs td f seincjlet.$dtk +'< fih 6frh eso `fpf`etejs frj ajfsurjh ei lytjs fs frj gecj se!js wkjiydu j&faeij tkja ei f gecj vejwjr.?5 0ejch dr e!ja5 Xkj ij&t cjvjc ei tkj hftf kejrfr`ky es f gejch dr etja dghftf. ' gejch dretja dg hftf es dij dr adrj lytjs tkft `ditfei hftf fldut fi fttrelutj dg fi jitety ei tkjeigdraftedi systja. 'i jitety ei fpfyrdcc systja es fi eihevehufc japcdyjj. 'ttrelutjs frj

tkj japcdyjj;sifaj pfy rftj fih sd di. Xkj lfse` pfy es f gejch dr etja dg hftf.35 \j`drh5 ' rj`drh es f `dccj`tedi dggejchs rjcftein td f spj`ege` jitety. >dr j&fapcj fpfyrdcc rj`drh `ditfeis gejchs dg hftf rjcftein td f spj`ege` japcdyjj. 'i fifcdny `fi ljafhj ljtwjji f `daputjr-lfsjh rj`drh fih fi eihevehufc gdchjr ei f afiufc gecj 'gdchjr ei fpfyrdcc gecj afy `ditfei au`k tkj sfaj eigdraftedi fs f rj`drh ei f `daputjr-lfsjh pfyrdcc gecj. Xkj gejch tkft ehjitegejs f rj`drh grda fcc dtkjr rj`drhs ei f gecj es tkjrj`drh ojy. >dr j&fapcj tkj rj`drh ojy ei f pfyrdcc rj`drh es usufccy tkj japcdyjj;sprdvehjit guih iualjr dr sd`efc sj`urety iualjrlj`fusjet es heggjrjit gdr jf`kjapcdyjj.150ecj5 ' gecj es f `dccj`tedi dg rjcftjh rj`drhs. >dr j&fapcj tkj `dccj`tedi dg pfyrdccrj`drhs gdr fcc japcdyjjs ei f `dapfiy es f pfyrdcc gecj. Xkj `di`jpt dg f `daputjr gecjes vjry seaecfr td f afiufc gecj ei f gecein `fleijt.B5Hf!f Lf*j5 ' hftflfsj `disests dg fcc tkj gecjs dgfi drnfie!ftedi stru`turjh fiheitjnrftjh td gf`ecetftj uphftj dg tkj gecjs fih rjtrejvfc dg eigdraftedi grda tkja. Xkjtjra kfs dgtji ljji usjh rftkjr cddsjcy. Xj`kie`fccy f hftflfsj `disests dg tkj gecjs tkftfrj pfrt dgf hftf lfsj afifnjajit systja. 6dwjvjr hftf lfsj es dgtji usjh td rjgjrtd fcc tkj gecjs dgfi drnfie!ftedi.0eihein Hf!f ei f 0ecjXkjrj es lfse`fccy twd dg tkj drnfie!ftedi tkdsj wke`k fccdw sjqujitefc f``jss td tkjhftf fih tkdsj wke`k fccdw herj`t f``jss.?. etk f *j,uji!efc f``j** gecj rj`drhs aust lj rjfh ei tkjsfaj drhjr fs tkjy wjrjwrettji td tkj stdrfnj ajhef. Xkj `daputjr ljneis sjfr`kein gdr f rj`drh ly j&faeieintkj gerst rj`drh ei tkj gecj fih tkji sjqujitefccy j&faeiein tkj ij&t rj`drh fih sd di uitectkj rjquerjh rj`drh es cd`ftjh. %jrtfei stdrfnj ajhef ceoj afnijte` tfpj wecc fccdw dicysjqujitefc f``jss td hftf. Ei drhjr gdrf rj`drh td lj gduih di f rjjc dg afnijte` tfpjtkj tfpj aust lj rjfh sjqujitefccy ljneiiein wetk tkj gerst rj`drh.1. i tkj dtkjr kfih f herj`!7f``j** gecj fccdws eaajheftj herj`t f``jss td eihevehufcrj`drhs ei tkj gecj. Xkjrj frj sjvjrfc tj`kiequjs usjh td f``dapcesk herj`t-f``jss gecjdrnfie!ftedi. <fnijte` hesos su`k fs gcdppy hesos frj ly gfr tkj adst `daadicy usjhhjve`js gdr stdrein herj`t-f``jss gecjs. erj`t f``jss gecj drnfie!ftedi aust lj usjh

Page 34: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 34/155

wkjijvjr tkj fppce`ftedi rjquerjs eaajheftj f``jss td eihevehufc rj`drhs. Et es wehjcyusjh tdhfy wkjijvjr tkj `daputjr `digenurftedi ei`cuhjs %+X (%ftkdhj +fy Xulj)tjraeifcs wke`k hespcfy afifnjajit eigdraftedi di hjafih.L&X% F#H LUXJ%du aenkt kjfr fi fhvjrtesjajit tkft sfys VXkes `daputjr kfs f 91-let "jiteua

prd`jssdr wetk L: ajnflytjs dg +'< fih 1.? nenflytjs dg kfrh heso spf`j.^Xkj jfsejstwfy td uihjrstfih lets es td `dapfrj tkja td sdajtkein ydu oidw henets.' henet es fseincj pcf`j tkft `fi kdch iuajre`fc vfcujs ljtwjji 3 fih C.enets frj idrafccy`daleijh tdnjtkjr ei nrdups td `rjftj cfrnjr iualjrs. >dr j&fapcj L97H kfs gdurhenets.Et es uihjrstddh tkft ei tkj iualjr L97H tkj H es geccein tkj Wdijs pcf`jV wkecj tkj7 es geccein tkj ?3s pcf`j tkj 9 es geccein tkj ?33s pcf`j fih tkj L es geccein tkj ?333spcf`j. *d ydu `duch j&prjss tkeins tkes wfy eg ydu wfitjh td lj j&pce`et(L _ ?333) S (9 _ ?33) S (7 _ ?3) S (H _ ?) Q L333 S 933 S 73 S H Q L97H

 'idtkjr wfy td j&prjss et wduch lj td usj pdwjrs dg ?3. 'ssuaein tkft wj frj ndein tdrjprjsjit tkj `di`jpt dg Vrfesjh td tkj pdwjr dg V wetk tkj VYV syaldc (sd V?3 squfrjhV eswrettji fs V?3Y1V) fidtkjr wfy td j&prjss et es ceoj tkes

(L _ ?3Y9) S (9 _ ?3Y1) S (7 _ ?3Y?) S (H _ ?3Y3) Q L333 S 933 S 73 S H Q L97H kft ydu `fi sjj grda tkes j&prjssedi es tkft jf`k henet es f pcf`jkdchjr gdr tkj ij&tkenkjr pdwjr dg ?3 stfrtein ei tkj gerst henet wetk ?3 rfesjh td tkj pdwjr dg !jrd.urlfsj-?3 iualjr systja ceojcy nrjw up lj`fusj wj kfvj ?3 geinjrs.$ut eg wj kfppjijhtd jvdcvj td kfvj jenkt geinjrs eistjfh wj wduch prdlflcy kfvj f lfsj-A iualjrsystja. du `fi kfvj lfsj-fiytkein iualjr systjas.Ei gf`t tkjrj frj cdts dg nddh rjfsdis td usj heggjrjit lfsjs ei heggjrjit setuftedis.

 %daputjrs kfppji td dpjrftj usein tkj lfsj-1 iualjr systja fcsd oidwi fs tkjleifry iualjr systja (ust ceoj tkj lfsj-?3 iualjr systja es oidwi fs tkj hj`eafciualjr systja). Et `fi fssuaj dg twd pdsselcj stftjs fih tkjrjgdrj `fi rjprjsjitjetkjr ? dr 3.Eigdraftedi es rj`drhjh ei tkj gdra dg leifry henets.$eifry henets frj pdpucfrcy oidwi fs $EX*.$eifry henets frj afhj up dg 3s fih ?s.Jn.??333? ?3?33?? ????33?

 ' sjt dg A $EX* es `fccjh f $XJ.Jn. ?3?333?? %distetutjh f $ytj.Jvjry `kfrf`tjr dg eigdraftedi es rjprjsjitjh ly f $ytj.' lytj dg eigdraftedi es stdrjhly usein sjvjrfc lets ei spj`egejh `daleiftedi `fccjh let pfttjris.ij wehjcy usjh letpfttjri gdr "jrsdifc %daputjrs fih ftf %daauie`ftedis es 'ajre`fi *tfihfrh %dhjgdr Eigdraftedi Eitjr`kfinj ('*%EE).'*%EE usjs sjvji lets td rjprjsjit dij `kfrf`tjr.Jf`k ? dr 3 `drrjspdihs td f seincj let.AJAD\U AJF%Z\JAJ#X%Xkj se!j dg gecjs dr stdrfnj `fpf`ety dg esos jt`. frj ajfsurjh ei tjras dg $ytjs.3 dr ? Q ? let: lets Q ? #ellcjA $ets Q ? $ytj?31: $ytjs Q ? Gecd $ytj (? G$)?31: Gecd $ytjs Q ? <jnf $ytj (? <$)?31: <jnf $ytjs Q ? ,enf $ytj (?,$)?31: ,$ Q ? X$ (Xjrrf $ytj)

Page 35: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 35/155

?31: X$ Q ? "$ ("jtf $ytj)?31: "$ Q ? J$ (J&f $ytj)?31: J$ Q ? I$ (Ijttf $ytj)?31: I$ Q ? $ (dttf $ytj)?31: $ Q ? $$ ($rditd $ytj)

?31: $$ Q ? ,jdp $ytj

Ajadr Zie!<fei gui`tedi dg f ajadry uiet es td ojjp tkj hftf stdrjh.Xkjrj frj twd typjs dg ajadrejs ei %daputjr.?. <fei <jadry dr "reafry ajadry.1. *j`dihfry <jadry dr Eitjrifc <jadry<fei <jadry es tjapdrfry.*j`dihfry <jadry es pjrafijit.

Afei Ajadr 'csd oidwi fs 0dcftecj <jadry. Et kdchs tkj hftf tecc tkj systja es swet`kjh dgg. ftf wecc

lj cdst wkji tkj systja es swet`kjh dgg. "dsselcj td stdrj tkj hftf pjrafijitcy ei*j`dihfry ajadry. *j`dihfry ajadry hjve`js frj-6frh hesos % 0 >cdppyeso >cfsk <jadry jt`. Xkjsj frj `fccjh #di-0dcftecj <jadryXjrj frj !+d !pj* dg Afei Ajadr=5 \FA G \fihda F``j** Ajadrkji tkj `daputjr wdros hftf es cdfhjh tkrdunk +'< fih njt uphftjh. 25 \DA G \jfh Dic Ajadr+< es f `kep `ditfeiein prdnrfaajs tkft kjcps wdroein dg tkj `daputjr. Xkes es +jfhdicy ajadry wkecj tkj systja es wdroein.%XD\FNJ Z#&X*tdrfnj uiet es afeicy `cfssegejh eitd twd "reafry ajadry fih *j`dihfry ajadry

(*j`dihfry stdrfnj hjve`j).Xkj gui`tedi dg f ajadry es td stdrj prdnrfas hftf dr fiydtkjr oeih dg eigdraftedi.Xj Rreafr ajadr es f gfst ajadry. Et stdrj prdnrfas fcdin wetk tkj hftf wke`kfrj td lj j&j`utjh. Xkj afei ajadry es herj`tcy f``jssjh ly tkj %"5.%j`dihfr ajadr dr tkj fu&ecefry ajadry stdrj fppce`ftedi prdnrfas hftf gecjsdpjrftein systjas jt`. Xkj %"5 hdjs idt rjfh eigdraftedi herj`tcy grda tkj sj`dihfryajadry td tkj "reafry ajadry. %"5 rjfhs tkja grda "reafry ajadry. Xkj rjsuctsfrj fcsd stdrjh ei tkj sj`dihfry ajadry. Xkj sj`dihfry ajadry es tkj afss stdrfnjajadry. Et es scdw fih `kjfp. Xkj `fpf`ety dg tkj preafry ajadry es au`k safccjrtkfi tkft dg tkj sj`dihfry ajadry.

R\&AF\U AJAD\&J% F\J @CF%%&0&JH &# XD \FA F#H \DA\FA (\fihda F``j** Ajadr"Et es tkj ajadry uiet ei wke`k eigdraftedi `fi lj wrettji td fih rjfh grda. 6ji`j et esfcsd oidwi fs +jfh4retj ajadry. urein prd`jssein hftf fih eistru`tedis frj ei f+'< `kep. Xkj ae`rd prd`jssdr f``jpts tkj `ditjits dg +'< fih prd`jssjs tkj hftff``drhein td tkj eistru`tedis. 'gtjr prd`jssdr tkj rjsucts frj fcsd stdrjh ei +'<.+'< es vdcftecj ej. wkji pdwjr es turijh dgg tkj ajadry cdsj eigdraftedi stdrjh ei et.Xkjrj frj twd typjs dg +'< `keps

Page 36: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 36/155

e5 Hifae` \fihda F``j** Ajadr (H\FA" fihee5 %!f!e` \fihda F``j** Ajadr (%\FA"

\DA (\JFH D#CU AJAD\U"Eigdraftedi es lurijh eitd tkj +< `keps ft tkj afiugf`turein teaj. Et `fiidt lj

fctjrjh. Et es idt pdsselcj td wretj grjsk eigdraftedi eitd f +< `kep. +< `keps frjusjh gdr fppce`ftedi ei wke`k et es oidwi tkft eigdraftedi ijvjr kfvj td lj `kfinjh.

R\DN\FAAFLCJ \JFH D#CU AJAD\U (R\DA"Et es f vfrefit dg +<. "+< `fi lj prdnrfaajh td rj`drh eigdraftedi usein f gf`ecetyoidwi fs "+< prdnrfaajr. 6dwjvjr di`j et kfs ljji prdnrfaajh tkj rj`drhjheigdraftedi wecc idt lj `kfinjh. ej. "+< lj`dajs f +< fih tkj stdrjh eigdraftedi`fi dicy lj rjfh.

J\F%FLCJ R\DN\FAAFLCJ \JFH D#CU AJAD\U (JR\DA"Eigdraftedi stdrjh ei fi J"+< `kep `fi lj prdnrfaajh td rj`drh heggjrjit

eigdraftedi usein f "+< prdnrfaaflcj gf`ecety. Jrfsein es f`kejvjh ly j&pdsein tkj`kep td uctrf vedcjt cenkt. kji fi J"+< `kep es ei usj ei f ae`rd `daputjr et ljkfvjsceoj f +<.

JCJ@X\&@FCCU J\F%FLCJ R\DN\FAAFLCJ \JFH D#CU AJAD\U (JJR\DA"Et es seaecfr td J"+< `kep ei tkft et `fi lj rjadvjh grda tkj `dapecjr fih rj-prdnrfaajh afiy teajs wkjrj et heggjr grda J"+< es tkft fi jcj`tre`fc `kfrnj `filj fppcejh gdr rj-sjttein.

@F@KJ AJAD\U

%f`kj ajadry es f rjcftevjcy safcc faduit (idrafccy cjss tkfi ? <$) dg kenk spjjhajadry tkft rjsehjs vjry `cdsj td tkj %"5. Et es hjsenijh td suppcy tkj %"5 wetk tkjadst grjqujitcy rjqujstjh hftf fih eistru`tedis. 6fvein %f`kj ajadry `fi sfvj f cdtdg teaj fs rjtrejvein hftf grda `f`kj tfojs dicy grf`tedi dg tkj teaj tfoji td f``jss etgrda afei ajadry. Xdhfy adst `f`kj ajadry es ei`drpdrftjh eitd tkj prd`jssdr `kepetsjcg. tkjr `digenurftedis frj fcsd pdsselcj. %f`kj ajadry `dapdijit es fssenijhwetk Wcjvjc^ su`k fs 8? 81 89 fih sd di f``drhein td ets prd&eaety td tkj prd`jssdr.

%J@D#HF\U %XD\FNJ HJ8&@J

*j`dihfry stdrfnj dvjr`dajs tkj ceaetftedi dg "reafry stdrfnj. Xkjy frj cfrnjr ei se!j

fih frj idi-vdcftecj ei ifturj. J&fapcjs dg sj`dihfry stdrfnj hjve`js frj afnijte`tfpj kfrh heso gcdppy heso dpte`fc heso jt`. '85 ('retkajte` 8dne` 5iet).Et hdjs fccfretkajte`fc dpjrftedis su`k fs fhhetedi sultrf`tedi hevesedi fih auctepce`ftedi fihcdne`fc dpjrftedis su`k fs `dapfresdi sdrtein frrfinein jt`. usein TbQ dpjrftedi.ftf fih eistru`tedi stdrjh ei afei ajadry frj trfisgjrrjh td '85 gdr prd`jssein. Xkjrjsuct es tkji trfisgjrrjh lf`o td afei ajadry . tkjr hftf advj grda preafry ajadrytd 'retkajte` 8dne` 5iet fih lf`o fnfei td "reafry <jadry ljgdrj prd`jssein es dvjr.

Page 37: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 37/155

@D#X\DC Z#&X%ditrdc 5iet `ditrdc fcc dtkjr gui`tedifc uiets hjpjihein di prdnrfa eistru`tedis.Et sjcj`ts jf`k eistru`tedi grda ajadry eitjrprjt tkja fih nevj herj`tedi td dtkjrgui`tedifc uiets td j&j`utj tkj eistru`tedis.

@J#X\FC R\D@J%%&#N Z#&X (@RZ"Xkj %ditrdc 5iet fih '85 ('retkajte` 8dne` 5iet) dg f `daputjr systja frj deitcyoidwi fs %J#X+'8 "+%J**E#, 5#EX (%"5).Xkj %"5 es tkj lrfei dg fiy `daputjr systja.

@fp!jr %XD\FNJ HJ8&@J%

 's dg 13?? tkj adst `daadicy usjh hftf stdrfnj tj`kidcdnejs frj sjae`dihu`tdrafnijte` fih dpte`fc wkecj pfpjr stecc sjjs sdaj ceaetjh usfnj. Ajhef es f `daadiifaj gdr wkft f`tufccy kdchs tkj hftf ei tkj stdrfnj hjve`j. *daj dtkjr guihfajitfc

stdrfnj tj`kidcdnejs kfvj fcsd ljji usjh ei tkj pfst dr frj prdpdsjh gdr hjvjcdpajit .*tdrfnj hjve`js frj usjh td stdrj hftf. Xkjrj frj twd typjs dg stdrfnj hjve`js.e. *jqujitefc typj dg stdrfnj hjve`js fihee. erj`t f``jss typj dg stdrfnj hjve`js.%j,uji!efc !pj dg stdrfnj hjve`js stdrj hftf dij fgtjr tkj dtkjr fih tkj cfst rj`drh`fi lj rjfh dr wrettji wkji fcc tkj prjvedus rj`drhs kfvj ljji rjfh dr wrettji. Xkjafnijte` tfpj fih `fssjttj frj tkes typj dg stdrfnj hjve`js.Herj`! f``j** !pj dg stdrfnj hjve`js fiy rj`drh `fi lj f``jssjh fih teaj tfoji tdwretj dr rjfh fiy rj`drh wecc lj tkj sfaj errjspj`tevj dg tkj gf`t wkjrj tkj rj`drh esstdrjh ei tkj ajheua.<fnijte` eso "f`o >cdppy esos fih 6frh esos frj tkes typj dg stdrfnj hjve`j.Xkjsj hjve`js frj `dstcy fs `dapfrjh td afnijte` tfpjs fih `fssjttjs.

AFN#JX&@ XFRJ%<fnijte` tfpj es f sj`dihfry stdrfnj hjve`j wke`k `fi kdch cfrnj vdcuaj dg hftf ei et.Xkj tfpj es ei f sjqujitefc f``jss ajheua fih hftf di et `fi lj f``jssjh dij fgtjr tkjdtkjr.8frnj gecjs frj stdrjh di tkja. Et es dij dg tkj adst pdpucfr stdrfnj ajhef lj`fusj dget;s cdw `dst. Xkj afnijte` tfpj es afhj up dg f tkei pcfste` relldi `dftjh di dij sehjwetk >jrrd afnijte` aftjrefc. Et es ^ ei wehtk fih dvjr 1733 gjjt cdin. Xkj `dftjh sehjdg tkj tfpj es usufccy hevehjh ei td ieij kdre!ditfc rdws `fccjh trf`os. 'cdin tkj wehtk dgtkj trf`os jvjry `kfrf`tjr es stdrjh wetk dij let ei jf`k trf`o.AFN#JX&@ H&%$<fnijte` hes` kfs surgf`j ei `er`ucfr skfpjs `dftjh wetk f afnijte` aftjrefc. ' iualjr dg eiveselcj `di`jitre` reins dr trf`os frj `rjftjh ly gdrafttein f heso. i tkjsj trf`oshftf frj stdrjh ei tkj gdra dg afnijte` spdts. Xkj iualjr dg trf`os fih hjisety dgtrf`os heggjr di heggjrjit typjs dg hesos. Xkj surgf`j es hevehjh eitd f iualjr dg sj`tdrs.

 'iy frjf dg tkj heso surgf`j `fi lj ehjitegejh ly et;s trf`o iualjr fih sj`tdr iualjr.Xkes jiflcj us td herj`tcy fhhrjss tkj heso. Xkj heso es rdtftjh ft f vjry kenk spjjh lytkj hes` hrevj. Xkj rjfh wretj kjfh advj ei fih dut di tkj surgf`j dg tkj heso fih `fi

Page 38: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 38/155

lj jfsecy pcf`jh dvjr fiy trf`o dg tkj surgf`j. kji tkj rjquerjh sj`tdr `daj uihjrtkj rjfh4wretj kjfh hftf `fi lj wrettji dr rjfh. *pj`s dg hust dr nrjfsj dg pfca `fispdec tkj kjfh fih `fi `fusj wkft frj oidwi fs kjfh `rfsk. 6ji`j hesos aust lj ojptgjj dg hust fih adesturj. kji kfihcjh `frjguccy hftf `fi rjafei di tkj heso surgf`jpjrafijitcy.

KF\H H&%$6frh eso es fidtkjr typj dg afnijte` stdrfnj ajhef. Et es afhj up dg cenkt ajtfc ceojfcuaeiua usufccy dg ?:^ ei hefajtjr fih `dftjh wetk afnijte` aftjrefc. Xkjy `daj eipf`os dg 7 td ?3 cfyjrs dg hesos. eso pf`os frj aduitjh di f `daadi skfgt fih afhjtd spei ei uiedi ft f vjry kenk spjjh. Xkjsj eso pf`os kfvj f `daadi f``jsseinaj`kfiesa wetk iualjr dg fras fih rjfh4wretj kjfhs. Xkj fras advj ei uiedi.

 'cc tkj heso surgf`js j&`jpt tkj uppjr surgf`j dg tkj uppjr adst heso fih cdwjr surgf`jdg tkj cdwjradst heso frj usjh gdr stdrfnj. Jf`k surgf`j es prdvehjh wetk et;s dwirjfh4wretj kjfh wke`k `fi jfsecy lj pcf`jh di fiy trf`o di tkj surgf`j.ftf trfisgjr rftj dg heso pf`os es vjry kenk.

%XD\FNJ @FRF@&XUXkj adrj heso surgf`js f pfrte`ucfr hes` pf`o kfs tkj nrjftjr wecc lj ets stdrfnj`fpf`ety. $ut tkj stdrfnj `fpf`ety dg hes` systja fcsd hjpjihs di tkj trf`o pjr ei`k dgsurgf`j fih tkj let pjr ei`k dg trf`o. 'ctkdunk tkj hefajtjr dg f stfihfrh se!j heso es?:^ sdaj hesos frj quetj cfrnj ruiiein up td : gjjt ei hefajtjr. 8frnj hesos kfvj adrjtrf`os fih kji`j kfvj nrjftjr stdrfnj `fpf`ety.

0CDRRU H&%$r.dskerd#fofafts es tkj eivjitdr dg >cdppy eso .>cdppy eso es afhj up dg >cj&elcj"cfste` fih es cenkt fih jfsecy pdrtflcj. Et `dajs ei twd se!js 7 ^ fih 9.7^ hefajtjr.Xkj heso fcsd oidwi fs hesojttjs frj pdpucfr wetk "jrsdifc %daputjr ("%s) fih ae`rd`daputjrs.>cdppejs kfvj `ditrelutjh jidraduscy tdwfrhs afoein ae`rd `daputjrs fpdpucfr af`keij gdr usj dg luseijss fih jhu`ftedi. etkdut tkes ajtkdh dg stdrfnj wjwduch kfvj td rjcy di su`k preaetevj ajtkdhs su`k fs pui`k `frhs fih `fssjttj tfpjs.+j`drhein ajheua dg gcdppejs es f ay cfer dr veiyc pcfste` aftjrefc wetk afnijte` `dfteindi dij dr ldtk sehjs. Xkjsj frj `fccjh gcdppy lj`fusj dg tkjer gcj&elcj prdpjrty wetkdutcdss dg hftf. Xkjsj pcfste` hesos `dftjh wetk afnijte` aftjrefc frj pjrafijitcy sjfcjheisehj f squfrj pcfste` f`ojt td prdtj`t et grda hust fih s`rft`kjs. 'i jcdinftjh idt`kes `ut ei tkj f`ojt td jiflcj rjfh4wretj kjfh f``jss eigdraftedi grda fiy frjf ei tkjkdcj. >cdppejs frj afeicy twd typjs lfsjh di se!j. Xkjy frj-(f) <eie gcdppy ei 7 ^ hefajtjr.

 (l) <e`rd gcdppy ei 9 ^ hefajtjr.>cdppy esos kfvj heggjrjit iualjr dg trf`os hjpjihein updi tkj hrevj gdr wke`k tkjyfrj usjh. Xype`fccy tkjrj frj HH trf`os di f stfihfrh A^ hefajtjr gcdppy. Xkj iualjr dg trf`os rfinj grda 97-:3 ei f aeie gcdppy fih :3-A3 trf`os di f ae`rd gcdppy. Xkjaf&eaua stdrfnj `fpf`ety dg aeie gcdppy es ? Gecd lytj fih tkft dg ae`rd gcdppy ?-::ajnflytjs.

DRX&@FC %XD\FNJ AJH&Fpte`fc stdrfnj tkj type`fc dpte`fc hes` stdrjs eigdraftedi ei hjgdraetejs di tkj surgf`jdg f `er`ucfr hes` fih rjfhs tkes eigdraftedi ly eccuaeiftein tkj surgf`j wetk f cfsjr hedhj

Page 39: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 39/155

fih dlsjrvein tkj rjgcj`tedi. pte`fc hes` stdrfnj es idi-vdcftecj. Xkj hjgdraetejs afylj pjrafijit (rjfh dicy ajhef) gdrajh di`j (wretj di`j ajhef) dr rjvjrselcj(rj`drhflcj dr rjfh4wretj ajhef). Xkj gdccdwein gdras frj `urrjitcy ei `daadi usj/% %-+< 0 $-+< +jfh dicy stdrfnj usjh gdr afss hestrelutedi dg henetfceigdraftedi (ause` vehjd `daputjr prdnrfas)

/%-+ 0-+ 0S+ $-+ retj di`j stdrfnj usjh gdr tjrtefry fih dgg-ceij stdrfnj/%-+ 0-+ 0S+ 0-+'< $-+J *cdw wretj gfst rjfh stdrfnj usjhgdr tjrtefry fih dgg-ceij stdrfnj/5ctrf jisety pte`fc dr 5 es seaecfr ei `fpf`ety td $-+ dr $-+J fih es scdw wretjgfst rjfh stdrfnj usjh gdr tjrtefry fih dgg-ceij stdrfnj.<fnijtd-dpte`fc hes` stdrfnj es dpte`fc hes` stdrfnj wkjrj tkj afnijte` stftj di fgjrrdafnijte` surgf`j stdrjs eigdraftedi. Xkj eigdraftedi es rjfh dpte`fccy fih wrettjily `daleiein afnijte` fih dpte`fc ajtkdhs. <fnijtd-dpte`fc hes` stdrfnj es idi-vdcftecj sjqujitefc f``jss scdw wretj gfst rjfh stdrfnj usjh gdr tjrtefry fih dgg-ceijstdrfnj.9 dpte`fc hftf stdrfnj kfs fcsd ljji prdpdsjh.

RFRJ\ HFXF %XD\FNJRfpjr hf!f *!drfnj type`fccy ei tkj gdra dg pfpjr tfpj dr pui`kjh `frhs kfs cdinljji usjh td stdrj eigdraftedi gdr futdafte` prd`jssein pfrte`ucfrcy ljgdrj njijrfc-purpdsj `daputjrs j&estjh. Eigdraftedi wfs rj`drhjh ly pui`kein kdcjs eitd tkj pfpjrdr `frhldfrh ajheua fih wfs rjfh aj`kfie`fccy (dr cftjr dpte`fccy) td hjtjraeijwkjtkjr f pfrte`ucfr cd`ftedi di tkj ajheua wfs sdceh dr `ditfeijh f kdcj. ' gjwtj`kidcdnejs fccdw pjdpcj td afoj afros di pfpjr tkft frj jfsecy rjfh ly af`keij\tkjsj frj wehjcy usjh gdr tflucftein vdtjs fih nrfhein stfihfrhe!jh tjsts. $fr`dhjsafhj et pdsselcj gdr fiy dlj`t tkft wfs td lj sdch dr trfispdrtjh td kfvj sdaj`daputjr rjfhflcj eigdraftedi sj`urjcy fttf`kjh td et.

Page 40: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 40/155

tkjr *tdrfnj <jhef dr *ulstrftjs

8f`uua !u-j ajadr ' eccefas tulj usjh f `ftkdhj rfy tulj fih f *jcj`trdi tulj usjh f cfrnj vf`uuatulj td stdrj eigdraftedi. Xkjsj preafry stdrfnj hjve`js wjrj skdrt-cevjh ei tkj afrojtsei`j eccefas tulj wfs uirjceflcj fih tkj *jcj`trdi tulj wfs j&pjisevj.

Jcj`!rd7f`du*!e` ajadrjcfy ceij ajadry usjh sduih wfvjs ei f sulstfi`j su`k fs ajr`ury td stdrjeigdraftedi. jcfy ceij ajadry wfs hyifae` vdcftecj `y`cj sjqujitefc rjfh4wretjstdrfnj fih wfs usjh gdr preafry stdrfnj.

Dp!e`fc !fpjes f ajheua gdr dpte`fc stdrfnj njijrfccy `disestein dg f cdin fih ifrrdw strep dg pcfste`ditd wke`k pfttjris `fi lj wrettji fih grda wke`k tkj pfttjris `fi lj rjfh lf`o. Etskfrjs sdaj tj`kidcdnejs wetk `eijaf geca std`o fih dpte`fc hes`s lut es `dapftelcjwetk ijetkjr. Xkj adtevftedi ljkeih hjvjcdpein tkes tj`kidcdny wfs tkj pdsselecety dg gfrnrjftjr stdrfnj `fpf`etejs tkfi jetkjr afnijte` tfpj dr dpte`fc hes`s.

Rf*j7`finj ajadrusjs heggjrjit aj`kfie`fc pkfsjs dg "kfsj %kfinj <ftjrefc td stdrj eigdraftedi ei fi]- fhhrjssflcj aftre& fih rjfhs tkj eigdraftedi ly dlsjrvein tkj vfryein jcj`tre`fcrjsestfi`j dg tkj aftjrefc. "kfsj-`kfinj ajadry wduch lj idi-vdcftecj rfihda-f``jss rjfh4wretj stdrfnj fih aenkt lj usjh gdr preafry sj`dihfry fih dgg-ceij

Page 41: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 41/155

stdrfnj. <dst rjwretflcj fih afiy wretj di`j dpte`fc hesos fcrjfhy usj pkfsj `kfinjaftjrefc td stdrj eigdraftedi.

Kdcdnrfpe` hf!f *!drfnj6dcdnrfpke` hftf stdrfnj- 6dcdnrfpke` hftf stdrfnj es f pdtjitefc rjpcf`jajittj`kidcdny ei tkj frjf dg kenk-`fpf`ety hftf stdrfnj `urrjitcy hdaeiftjh ly afnijte`

fih `divjitedifc dpte`fc hftf stdrfnj. 6dcdnrfpke` hftf stdrfnj*tdrjs eigdraftedi dpte`fccy eisehj `rystfcs dr pkdtdpdcyajrs. 6dcdnrfpke` stdrfnj `fiutece!j tkj wkdcj vdcuaj dg tkj stdrfnj ajheua uiceoj dpte`fc hes` stdrfnj wke`k esceaetjh td f safcc iualjr dg surgf`j cfyjrs. 6dcdnrfpke` stdrfnj wduch lj idi-vdcftecjsjqujitefc f``jss fih jetkjr wretj di`j dr rjfh4wretj stdrfnj. Et aenkt lj usjh gdrsj`dihfry fih dgg-ceij stdrfnj. *jj 6dcdnrfpke` 0jrsftecj es` (60).

Adcj`ucfr ajadr

<dcj`ucfr ajadry stdrjs eigdraftedi ei pdcyajr tkft `fi stdrj jcj`tre` `kfrnj.

<dcj`ucfr ajadry aenkt lj jspj`efccy suetjh gdr preafry stdrfnj. Xkj tkjdrjte`fc

stdrfnj `fpf`ety dg adcj`ucfr ajadry es ?3 tjrflets pjr squfrj ei`k.

He*. aerrdrein> %!drfnj rjpce`f!edi fih \F&H

kecj f nrdup dg lets afcgui`tedi afy lj rjsdcvjh ly jrrdr hjtj`tedi fih `drrj`tedi

aj`kfiesas (sjj fldvj) stdrfnj hjve`j afcgui`tedi rjquerjs heggjrjit sdcutedis. Xkj

gdccdwein sdcutedis frj `daadicy usjh fih vfceh gdr adst stdrfnj hjve`js

Hj)e`j aerrdrein (rjpce`f!edi" B ' `daadi sdcutedi td tkj prdlcja es `distfitcy

afeitfeiein fi ehjite`fc `dpy dg hjve`j `ditjit di fidtkjr hjve`j (type`fccy dg f sfaj

typj). Xkj hdwisehj es tkft tkes hdulcjs tkj stdrfnj fih ldtk hjve`js (`dpejs) ijjh td

lj uphftjh seauctfijduscy wetk sdaj dvjrkjfh fih pdsselcy sdaj hjcfys. Xkj upsehj

es pdsselcj `di`urrjit rjfh dg f sfaj hftf nrdup ly twd eihjpjihjit prd`jssjs wke`k

ei`rjfsjs pjrgdrafi`j. kji dij dg tkj rjpce`ftjh hjve`js es hjtj`tjh td lj hjgj`tevj

tkj dtkjr `dpy es stecc dpjrftedifc fih es ljein utece!jh td njijrftj f ijw `dpy di

fidtkjr hjve`j (usufccy fvfecflcj dpjrftedifc ei f pddc dg stfih-ly hjve`js gdr tkes

purpdsj).

Page 42: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 42/155

\jhuihfi! Frrf dg &ihjpjihji! He*.* (\F&H" B Xkes ajtkdh njijrfce!js tkj hjve`j

aerrdrein fldvj ly fccdwein dij hjve`j ei f nrdup dg # hjve`js td gfec fih lj rjpcf`jh

wetk `ditjit rjstdrjh (jve`j aerrdrein es +'E wetk #Q1). +'E nrdups dg #Q7 dr #QL

frj `daadi. #b1 sfvjs stdrfnj wkji `dapfrein wetk #Q1 ft tkj `dst dg adrj

prd`jssein hurein ldtk rjnucfr dpjrftedi (wetk dgtji rjhu`jh pjrgdrafi`j) fihhjgj`tevj hjve`j rjpcf`jajit.

#j!+dr. `diij`!e)e!

 ' sj`dihfry dr tjrtefry stdrfnj afy `diij`t td f `daputjr utece!ein `daputjr ijtwdros.

Xkes `di`jpt hdjs idt pjrtfei td tkj preafry stdrfnj wke`k es skfrjh ljtwjji auctepcj

prd`jssdrs td f cjssjr hjnrjj.

Herj`!7f!!f`jh *!drfnj (HF%" es f trfhetedifc afss stdrfnj tkft hdjs idt usj fiy

ijtwdro. Xkes es stecc f adst pdpucfr fpprdf`k. Xkes rjtrdiya wfs `deijh rj`jitcy

tdnjtkjr wetk #'* fih *'#.

#j!+dr.7f!!f`jh *!drfnj (#F%" es afss stdrfnj fttf`kjh td f `daputjr wke`kfidtkjr `daputjr `fi f``jss ft gecj cjvjc dvjr f cd`fc frjf ijtwdro f prevftj wehj frjf

ijtwdro dr ei tkj `fsj dg diceij gecj stdrfnj dvjr tkj Eitjrijt. #'* es `daadicy

fssd`eftjh wetk tkj #>* fih %E>*4*<$ prdtd`dcs.

%!drfnj frjf ij!+dr. (%F#" es f spj`efce!jh ijtwdro tkft prdvehjs dtkjr `daputjrs

wetk stdrfnj `fpf`ety. Xkj `ru`efc heggjrji`j ljtwjji #'* fih *'# es tkj gdrajr

prjsjits fih afifnjs gecj systjas td `cejit `daputjrs wkecst tkj cfttjr prdvehjs

f``jss ft lcd`o-fhhrjssein (rfw) cjvjc cjfvein et td fttf`kein systjas td afifnj hftf

dr gecj systjas wetkei tkj prdvehjh `fpf`ety. *'# es `daadicy fssd`eftjh wetk >elrj

%kfiijc ijtwdros.\d-d!e` *!drfnj

8frnj qufitetejs dg eihevehufc afnijte` tfpjs fih dpte`fc dr afnijtd-dpte`fc hes`s afy

lj stdrjh ei rdldte` tjrtefry stdrfnj hjve`js. Ei tfpj stdrfnj gejch tkjy frj oidwi fs

tfpj celrfrejs fih ei dpte`fc stdrfnj gejch dpte`fc uojld&js dr dpte`fc heso celrfrejs pjr

fifcdny. *afccjst gdras dg jetkjr tj`kidcdny `ditfeiein ust dij hrevj hjve`j frj

rjgjrrjh td fs futdcdfhjrs dr futd `kfinjrs.

+dldte` stdrfnj es usjh gdr lf`oups fih gdr kenk-`fpf`ety fr`kevjs ei eafnein ajhe`fc

fih vehjd eihustrejs.

@fp!jr :

@DARZXJ\ CF#NZFNJXkj tjra `daputjr cfinufnj ei`cuhjs f wehj vfrejty dg cfinufnjs usjh td `daauie`ftjwetk `daputjrs. Et es lrdfhjr tkfi tkj adrj `daadicy-usjh tjra prdnrfaaeincfinufnj. "rdnrfaaein cfinufnjs frj f sulsjt dg `daputjr cfinufnjs. >dr j&fapcj

Page 43: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 43/155

6X<8 es f afroup cfinufnj fih f `daputjr cfinufnj lut et es idt trfhetedifccy`disehjrjh f prdnrfaaein cfinufnj. <f`keij `dhj es f `daputjr cfinufnj. Et `fitj`kie`fccy lj usjh gdr prdnrfaaein fih kfs ljji (j.n. tkj dreneifc lddts trfppjr gdr

 'ctfer $'*E%) tkdunk adst wduch idt disehjr et f prdnrfaaein cfinufnj.@dapu!jr Cfinufnj `fi -j he)ehjh ei!d !+d nrdup*/

6enk-cjvjc cfinufnjs fih 8dw-cjvjc cfinufnjs.6enk-cjvjc cfinufnjs frj hjsenijh td lj jfsejr td usj adrj flstrf`t fih adrjpdrtflcj tkfi cdw-cjvjc cfinufnjs.*yitf`te`fccy `drrj`t prdnrfas ei sdaj cfinufnjs frj tkji `dapecjh td cdw-cjvjccfinufnj fih j&j`utjh ly tkj `daputjr.<dst adhjri sdgtwfrj es wrettji ei f kenk-cjvjc cfinufnj `dapecjh eitd dlj`t `dhjfih tkji trfiscftjh eitd af`keij eistru`tedis.

@dapu!jr cfinufnj* `duch fc*d -j nrdupjh -f*jh di d!jr `re!jref5 'idtkjr hestei`tedi `duch lj afhj ljtwjji uafi7rjfhf-cj fih idi7uafi7rjfhf-cj cfinufnjs. 6uafi-rjfhflcj cfinufnjs frj hjsenijh td lj usjh herj`tcy ly

kuafis td `daauie`ftj wetk tkj `daputjr. #di-kuafi-rjfhflcj cfinufnjs tkdunktkjy `fi dgtji lj pfrtefccy uihjrstfihflcj frj hjsenijh td lj adrj `dapf`t fih jfsecyprd`jssjh sf`rege`ein rjfhflecety td ajjt tkjsj jihs.*daj %daputjr fih "rdnrfaaein cfinufnjs frj 'hf <f`keij cfinufnj fih

 'ssjalcy cfinufnj $fse` fih 0esufc $fse` % fih lj`tevj B %%SS% %$8J8"6E Jeggjc Jrcfin >drtk Mfvf Mfvfs`rept fih sd di.

@dapu!jr `fiid! uihjr*!fih if!urfc cfinufnj5Jf`k fih jvjry prdlcja td lj sdcvjh ly f `daputjr kfs td lj lrdoji ei td seapcj fihsjpfrftj cdne`fc stjps wke`k lfse`fccy `dapresjs dg guihfajitfc dpjrftedi Eiputdpjrftedi fretkajte` dpjrftedi cdne`fc dpjrftedi fih advjajit dg eigdraftedi wetkei%"5.$fse`fccy tkjrj frj twd typjs dg cfinufnjs 8dw cjvjc cfinufnj fih kenk cjvjc cfinufnj.8dw cjvjc cfinufnj fnfei hevehjh eitd <f`keij cfinufnj fih 'ssjalcy cfinufnj.

Af`eij Cfinufnjprdnrfa wrettji lfsjh di af`keij `dhjs dg prd`jssdr fih f`tufc fhhrjss (ej`daleiftedi dg ? fih 3) frj oidwi fs af`keij cfinufnj.<f`keij cfinufnj prdnrfa estkj dicy dij cfinufnj tkj `daputjr uihjrstfihs ly usein f trfiscftedi prdnrfa.

 ' prdnrfa es f `dccj`tedi dg eistru`tedi. 'i eistru`tedi kfs twd pfrts "%J fih "J+'#"%J es `daafih dr dpjrftedi tkft tjccs tkj `daputjr wkft td hd."J+'# es tkj fhhrjss grda td tkj eistru`tedi dr hftf es td lj rjfh4wretj.

He*fh)fi!fnj*?. <f`keij jpjihjit "rdnrfa wrettji td dij `daputjr `fiidt lj usjh gdr fidtkjrdij.1. egge`uct td "rdnrfaaj Ei drhjr td wretj f af`keij cfinufnj prdnrfa tkjprdnrfaajr skduch rjajaljr "%J fih oidw tkj `ditjits dg heggjrjit ajadrycd`ftedi.*d wretein dg af`keij cfinufnj es tjhedus fih teaj `disuaein.9. egge`uct td adhegyein Et es vjry hegge`uct td cd`ftj tkj `drrj`t jrrdrs fih td adhegy.

Page 44: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 44/155

Fh)fi!fnj*<f`keij cfinufnj prdnrfa `fi lj j&j`utjh vjry gfst ly tkj `daputjr lj`fusj tkjsjeistru`tedis frj herj`tcy uihjrstddh ly %"5. *d id trfiscftedi es rjquerjh.

F**ja-c Cfinufnj Rrdnrfa"rdnrfa wrettji ly usein syaldce` `dhjs dr aijadie` `dhjs frj oidwi fs 'ssjalcy8finufnj "rdnrfa. Jn 8' ' *5$ jt`.

 'ssjalcy cfinufnj prdnrfa es fcsd af`keij hjpjihjit.Fh)fi!fnj*?. Jfsejr td uihjrstfih fih usj tkfi af`keij cfinufnj lj`fusj et usjs syaldce``dhjs eistjfh dg F?; fih F3;.1. Et sfvjs cdt dg teaj fih jggdrt dg prdnrfaajr `dapfrjh td af`keij cfinufnj.9. Jfsy td cd`ftj fih `drrj`t jrrdrs tkft af`keij cfinufnj.He*fh)fi!fnj*?. <f`keij hjpjihjit *eaecfr td af`keij cfinufnj prdnrfa - 'ssjalcy cfinufnj es

fcsd af`keij hjpjihjit tkft es prdnrfa wrettji gdr dij adhjc `daputjr `fiidt ljusjh gdr dtkjr `daputjr.1. egge`uct td prdnrfa *ei`j 'ssjalcy cfinufnj es af`keij hjpjihjit. Xkj prdnrfajraust fwfrj dg `dihetedi dg vfredus rjnestjrs fih `ditjits dg heggjrjit ajadry cd`ftedis.

*d oidwcjhnj dg kfrhwfrj es ij`jssfry.9. Et es teaj `disuaein.

Ken Cj)jc Cfinufnj"rdnrfa wrettji ly usein Jincesk wdrhs fih aftkjafte`fc syaldcs frj oidwi fs 6enk8jvjc 8finufnj "rdnrfa. Xkjsj frj af`keij eihjpjihjit. Et es fcsd oidwi fsprdlcjas drejitjh cfinufnj.Fh)fi!fnj/

?. <f`keij eihjpjihjit1. Jfsy td cjfri fih usj lj`fusj eistru`tedis frj vjry `cjfr.He*fh)fi!fnj*/?. Et tfoj adrj teaj td j&j`utj. $j`fusj trfiscftedi es ij`jssfry1. J&pjisevj kfrhwfrj fih sdgtwfrj suppdrt rjquerjh.X\F#%CFXD\%=5 F**ja-cjr 

 'ssjalcjr es f sdgtwfrj wke`k trfiscftjs fssjalcy cfinufnj prdnrfa eitd af`keijcfinufnj prdnrfa. Eiput td trfiscftdr es oidwi fs sdur`j prdnrfa fih dutput grdatrfiscftdr es oidwi fs dlj`t prdnrfa.Fssj'l*( C%)$%$j A%&3!)j C%)$%$j

+r&j Rr+$r%' Dl5j&" Rr+$r%'

25 &i!jrprj!jr Eitjrprjtjr es f sdgtwfrj wke`k trfiscftjs- 6enk cjvjc cfinufnj prdnrfa eitd af`keijcjvjc cfinufnj prdnrfa. Et trfiscftjs jf`k stftjajits dg kenk cjvjc cfinufnj prdnrfa

Page 45: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 45/155

fih j&j`utj et eaajheftjcy. Xkji trfiscftjs ij&t stftjajits. Et es teaj `disuaeinlj`fusj jf`k ceij es trfiscftjh jvjry teaj et es j&j`utjh.?5 @dapecjr %dapecjr es f sdgtwfrj wke`k trfiscftjs kenk cjvjc cfinufnj prdnrfa eitd af`keijcfinufnj prdnrfa. Et gerst trfiscftjs tkj `dapcjtj prdnrfa eitd af`keij eistru`tedi fih

tkji j&j`utjs grda gerst stjp diwfrhs. 5sufccy `dapecjr es usjh td trfiscftj cfrnjprdnrfa wke`k rjquerj cfrnj ajadry spf`j.DRJ\FX&#N %U%XJApjrftein systja es f afstjr `daputjr prdnrfa.

 '`ts fs fi eitjrgf`j ljtwjji tkj usjr fih tkj `daputjr.Xkj gui`tedis dg fi dpjrftein systja%daafih eitjrprjtftedi?. '``jpts hftf fih `daafihs grda tkj usjr 1. Xrfiscftjs tkj eistru`tedi td tkj af`keij uihjrstfihflcj gdra9. Eistru`ts tkj `daputjr td hd tkj ij`jssfry wdro.

:. +jturis tkj rjsuct td tkj usjr.<fifnjs gecj dpjrftedis%rjftein f gecj (l) jcjtein f gecj (`) <dhegyein<fifnjs Eiput4utput jve`js(f) Xfojs tkj hftf jitjrjh tkrdunk tkj ojy ldfrh fih nevjs td tkj af`keij gdrprd`jssein(l) espcfys tkj rjsucts di tkj s`rjji (05)(`) "reits tkj dutput di tkj preitjr.Ldd!* !j **!ja(h) ' prdnrfa es pjrafijitcy stdrjh ei fcc tkj af`keijs(j) Xkes prdnrfa es `fccjh $c* ($fse` Eiput utput *jrve`j)(g) Xkj dpjrftein systja eistru`tedi wecc lj `dpejh eitd tkj ajadry ly $E*(n) Xkjsj eistru`tedis wecc sjt up ei tkj af`keijLDDX&#N$ddtein es tkj prd`jss dg cdfhein tkj dpjrftein systja grda sj`dihfry stdrfnj hjve`jtd preafry ajadry.Xkj tjra njijrfccy rjgjrs td stfrtein f `daputjr rjfhy td f``jpt `daafihs.Xkj systja gecjs frj E.** <**.** fih %daafih.%<. >erst twd gecjs frjkehhji.Xkjrj frj twd typjs dg lddtein?. %dch $ddtein - *wet`k dgg tkj pdwjr gdr `ddcein tkj `er`uet fih rjstfrt tkj pdwjr fgtjrsdajteaj.1. fra lddtein - "fss tkj rjsjt luttdi dr %trc S 'ct S jc *eincj usjr <ucte usjr systja*eincj usjr systja dicy dij usjr `fi wdro ft f teaj. Jn *<ucte usjr systja - jiflcj dij dr adrj usjrs td wdro di tkj `daputjr seauctfijduscy.Jn 5#E] #0J88 #JX '+J E#* #X jt`

HD% (He*. Dpjrf!ein %*!ja"

Page 46: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 46/155

* stfihs gdr eso pjrftein *ystja. * wfs hjvjcdpjh ei ?CA? wetk * ?.3wke`k wfs tkj dpjrftein systja gdr tkj gerst E$<. "%.

 ' `daafih spj`egejh tkj tfso td lj hdij ly tkj `daputjr. * kfs adrj tkfi H7`daafihs wke`k `fi lj usjh td pjrgdra f vfrejty dg dpjrftedis.Et es *eincj usjr systja

eggjrjit gcfvdurs frj fvfecflcjJn <* * grda <e`rdsdgt#dvjc ds grda #dvjcc%urrjit vjrsedi dg <* * es H.3

 ' gecj systja es hevehjh eitd vdcuajs. Et es gurtkjr sulhevehjh eitd heggjr herj`tdrejs wke`kei turi es hevehjh eitd gecjs.8dcuaj*(f) 8dne`fc hevesedi dg heso(l) ' heso afy `ditfei heggjrjit vdcuajs(`) Jf`k vdcuaj wecc lj ehjitegejh ly f ifajHerj`!drej*

8d`ftedi.wkjrj tkj gecjs frj stdrjhEitrdhu`tedi td gecjsX+d gecj*(f) ftf gecjs - %dccj`tedis dg hftf(l) "rdnrfa gecjs - %dccj`tedi dg eistru`tedis>ecjs frj ehjitegejh ly ifajs.0ecj ifaein rucj*%dapdijits dg gecj ifaj(f) "reafry ifaj(l) J&tjisedi (sj`dihfry ifaj)"reafry ifaj fih tkj j&tjisedi frj sjpfrftjh ly f hdt (.)Rreafr #faj(f) "reafry ifaj `fi kfvj up td A `kfrf`tjrs(l) %fi kfvj fiy fcpkfiuajre` `kfrf`tjrs fih spj`efc %kfrf`tjrs [ U Y 2 _ Z() -(`) Xkj gdccdwein `kfrf`tjrs `fi idt lj usjhb 4 E = mTbSQfih spf`jJE!ji*edi (%j`dihfr #faj"(f) J&tjisedi ifaj es dptedifc(l) %fi kfvj f af&eaua dg 9 `kfrf`tjrs(`) #drafccy usjh gdr ehjitegyein tkj gecj typj#dtj ,evj ajfieinguc gecj ifajsHD% @DAAF#H%Xypjs dg `daafihsXwd Xypjs(f) Eitjrifc `daafihs(l) J&tjrifc %daafihs&i!jrifc @daafih*(f) Xkjsj eitjrifc `daafihs frj ei f gecj `fccjh `daafih.`da(l) 8dfhjh eitd +'< wkji tkj af`keij es swet`kjh di

Page 47: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 47/155

(`) %fi j&j`utj tkjsj `daafihs wetkdut gerst kfvein td cdfh tkja gdra tkj heso eitdajadry(h) +jsehj ei `daputjr;s ajadry tecc tkj af`keij es swet`kjh dgg.J&tjrifc %daafihs(f) "rjsjit fs eihjpjihjit gcejs ei tkj j&tjrifc stdrfnj (heso)

(l) kji fi j&tjrifc `daafih es eivdojh(e) <* * cd`ftjs tkes `daafih di tkj heso(ee) 8dfhs eitd ajadry(Eee) Xkji njts j&j`utjh(`) Eg f `daafih es spjct wrdincy dr eg fi j&tjrifc `daafih gecj es aessein. <* * wecchespcfy fi jrrdr ajssfnj $fh %daafih dr >ecj ifaj.(h) *daj j&tjrifc `daafihs frj gheso fih heso`dpy.%daj -f*e` `daafih*8J\7Xkes `daafih es usjh td hespcfy tkj vjrsedi dg t kj systja tkft es ljein usjh di tkjaf`keij. Xkj vjrsedi iualjr ei`rjfsjs wetk jvjry ijw rjcjfsj fih tkj cftjr vjrsedi

tdnjtkjr wetk sdaj fhhetedifc gjfturjs.8DC7Et es usjh td ehjitegy f vdcuaj. Ei <*-* vdcuaj es idtkein lut f heso. Xkj cfljc ifaj`fi kfvj up td ?? `kfrf`tjrsHFXJXkes `daafih es usjh td hespcfy tkj `urrjit systja hftj fih td adhegy eg ij`jssfry%i!fEftj (aa-hh-yy)XeajXkes `daafih es usjh td hespcfy tkj `urrjit systja teaj fih td adhegy eg ij`jssfryXeaj (kk aa ss ks) (f4p)%cjfrein tkj s`rjji - %cs `daafihXkes `daafih es usjh td `cjfr tkj jiterj s`rjji dg tkj `urrjit hespcfy. Xkj `cjfrjhs`rjji skdws dicy tkj `daafih prdapt fih tkj `ursdr ft tkj tdp cjgt `drijr dg tkjs`rjji. %8* es fi eitjrifc `daafih,jt kjcp gdr f `daafihXd usj tkes kjcp typj tkj `daafih ifaj gdccdwjh ly f scfsk (?) fih f qujstedi afro() dr typj kjcp gdccdwjh ly tkj `daafih ifaj Jn. rji4Her `daafiher `daafih es usjh td hespcfy tkj `ditjits dg tkj heso erj`tdry*yitf& her.Et wecc hespcfy vdcuaj cfljc sjrefc iualjr herj`tdry ifaj gecj ifaj hftj dg `rjftediteaj dg `rjftedi gecj se!j grjj spf`j fvfecflcj fih tdtfc lytjs usjher4p pfnj wesj hespcfyer4w - wehtkwesj hespcfyer4d - nevjs f sdrtjh drhjr cester4dh B fs`jihein drhjr dg hftjer4E - hespcfy ifajs dg gecj fih herj`tdry E cdwjr `fsjer4li - fs`jihein drhjr dg ifaj -er4d j fs`jihein drhjr dg j&tjisedi

Page 48: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 48/155

er4d-j - hjs`jihein drhjr dg j&tjisedier4d s - fs`jihein drhjr dg se!jer4f h - dicy herj`tdrejs frj cestjher4f h - dicy gecjs frj cestjhHerj`!dr

Jf`k heso `ditfeis ft cjfst dij herj`tdry ifajh tkj rddt herj`tdry. <** usjs f (lf`o scfsk) td hjidtj tkes. <* * fccdws hevesedi dg tkj rddt herj`tdry eitd sul-herj`tdrejs td drnfie!j gecjs.Jvjry heso kfs dij afei herj`tdry uihjr wke`k fcc dtkjr gecjs fih herj`tdrejs frj stdrjh.Xkes herj`tdry es oidwi fs tkj rddt herj`tdry.

 'cc tkj sulherj`tdrejs fih gecjs rjsehj uihjr tkj rddt herj`tdry.Herj`!dr %!ru`!urji swet`kein di tkj `daputjr * tfojs ydu td tkj +ddt herj`tdry.Ei tkj fldvj j&fapcj uihjr tkj rddt tkjrj frj 1 sul herj`tdry= ifajcy her ? fih her 1fih gecj ifajh gecj ?.

 's sul herj`tdry `fi fcsd lj `fccjh f `kech herj`tdry fih herj`tdry tkft `ditfeis sul

herj`tdrejs `fi fcsd lj `fccjh fs f pfrjit herj`tdry.+ddt es tkj pfrjit dg her ? fih her 1 fih her : es tkj `kech herj`tdry dg her 1.J&`jpt gdr tkj rddt herj`tdry wke`k es fcwfys rjprjsjitjh ly f lf`o scfsk () jf`kherj`tdry kfs ifaj.#d twd sul herj`tdrejs uihjr tkj sfaj pfrjit `fi kfvj tkj sfajifaj.AH @daafiherj`tdrejs frj `rjftjh usein tkj < dr aoher (afoj herj`tdry) `daafih.*yitf&- ah Therj`tdry ifajb@H `daafihXkes `daafih es usjh td `kfinj tkj `urrjit herj`tdry grda dij herj`tdry td fidtkjr.*yitf& - %hTherj`tdry ifajbseapcj hdt (.) rjprjsjits tkj `urrjit herj`tdry.dulcj hdt (..) rjprjsjits tkj pfrjit herj`tdry%h.. btd nd td pfrjit herj`tdry`h...... b td `kfinj td tkj rddt herj`tdry rjnfrhcjss dg ydur `urrjit herj`tdry.% `daafih wetkdut fiy frnuajits hespcfys tkj `urrjit herj`tdry ifaj- Xkjrj frj 1wfys ly wke`k wj `fi `rjftj f gecj?. 5sj `dpy `di `daafih1. 5sein jhet `daafihXd `rjf!j f gecj*yitf& - %dpy `di Tgecj ifajb5sein tkes `daafih wj `fi `rjftj safcc gecjs grda tkj ojy ldfrh.%trc S ! es usjh td sfvj tkj gecj.Jhe! `daafihEt es usjh td `rjftj gecjs. Et;s fhvfitfnj dvjr `dpy `di `daafih es tkft tkj gecj `fi ljjhetjh.Xpj @daafihXd vejw tkj `ditjits dg f gecj. *yitf& typjTgecjifajb\ji `daafih/Xd `kfinj tkj ifaj dg f gecj. *yitf& +jiTdch ifajbTijw ifajb

Page 49: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 49/155

Hjc `daafih>dr rjadvein gecjs grda tkj herj`tdry. *yitf& jc Tgecj ifajb4p - hespcfys tkj ifaj dg tkj gecj wke`k es fldut td lj hjcjtjh. 'sos gdr usjr pjraessedi.6ech`frh `frf`!jr*Xkjrj frj twd wech`frh `kfrf`tjrs= _ fih (fstjreso2 qujstedi afro)

%kfrf`tjrs usjh fs f sulstetutj td aft`k f seincj dr nrdup dg `kfrf`tjrs ei f gecj ifaj.5sjguc wkji f `daafih ijjhs td lj pjrgdrajh di f nrdup dg spj`ege` gecjs._ - erj`ts * td enidrj tkj `kfrf`tjr pdsetedi wkjrj tkj wech `frh fppjfrs fs wjcc fsfcc tkj `kfrf`tjr pdsetedi tkft gdccdw. - * enidrjs dij `kfrf`tjr fppjfrein ei tkj sfaj pdsetedi fs tkj Jn. Xd cest fcc gecjs tkft kfs tkj j&tjisedi .%<%daafih E+ _.%<Xd cest fcc gecjs wkdsj ifajs ljnei wetk X.%daafih E+ X _._Xd cest fcc gecjs tkft frj kfvein 1 dr cjss `kfrf`tjrs ei et;s preafry ifaj.%daafih E+ .%<

Xd cest fcc gecjs tkft kfs ' fs tkj gerst `kfrf`tjr tkj sj`dih `kfrf`tjr `fi lj fiytkeinfih tkj tkerh `kfrf`tjr skduch lj %.%daafih E+ '%.%@DRU @DAAF#H*yitf& - %dpy Tsdur`j gecj ifajbThjsteiftedi gecj ifajb%dpy td fi j&estein gecj dvjrwretjs tkj gecj . %dpy `daafih nevjs `dpy dg fi j&estein gecj.%dpejs dij dr adrj gecjs td fidtkjr cd`ftedi.<dvj %daafih.*yitf& <dvj Tsdur`j gecj ifajbThjsteiftedi gecj ifajbXd advj dij dr adrj gecjs4y supprjssjs prdaptein td `digera `rjftedi dg f herj`tdry dr dvjrwretein dg tkjhjsteiftedi.4-y `fusjs prdaptein td `digera dvjrwretein dg tkj hjsteiftedi.jctrjjjcjtjs f herj`tdry fih fcc tkj sulherj`tdrejs fih gecjs ei et. Xkj herj`tdry wke`k wj frjndein td hjcjtj ijjh idt lj japty.*yitf& jctrjjTherj`tdry ifajb4y supprjssjs prdaptein td `digera ydu wfit td hjcjtj tkj sulherj`tdry.HD%$JUJhe!* `daafih ceij*> rj`fcc `daafih ceij*55p hdwi frrdws rj`fcc `daafihs. Js` `cjfrs `urrjit `daafih. >H hespcfys`daafih kestdry. 'ct S >2 `cjfrs `daafih kestdryR\DAX

jidtjs tkj pdsetedi di tkj s`rjji wkjrj tkj `daafih `fi lj jitjrjh.' lceioein`ursdr wecc lj prjsjit ft tkes cd`ftedi.Xkj hjgfuct prdapt dg <*-* hjidtjs tkj`urrjitcy f`tevj hrevj.*yitf& prdapt Ttj&tbXJ'X %RJ@&0&@ #J6 @DAAF#H R\DARX

Rrdap! @ M

Page 50: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 50/155

"rdapt [@ Q

"rdapt [[ [

"rdapt [t %urrjit teaj

"rdapt [h %urrjit hftj"rdapt [v %urrjit vjrsedi

"rdapt *, b

"rdapt [8 T

"rdapt ["*, %b

"rdapt [" %(%urrjit hrevj fih pftk)

@rjf!ein -f!` gecj*5$ft`k gecjs frj j&j`utflcj gecjs. $ft`k gecjs frj `rjftjh wetk fi j&tjisedi.lft. kjilft`k gecjs frj `rjftjh f sjt dg `daafihs nevji ei tkft gecjs frj j&j`utjh dij ly dij.

#ZALJ\ %U%XJAXkjrj frj : typjs dg iualjr systja. Xkjy frj

?. J%E<'8 #5<$J+ **XJ< ($'*J + +'E] E* ?3)1. $E#'+ #5<$J+ **XJ< ($'*J + +'E] E* 1)9. %X'8 #5<$J+ **XJ< ($'*J + +'E] E* A):. 6J]'J%E<'8 #5<$J+ **XJ< ($'*J E* ?L)

LF%J D\ \FH&'#5<$J+ > 5#E@5J *<$8* > ' **XJ<

 '88 #5<$J+* '+J X6J %<$E#'XE#* > X6J*J *<$8*HJ@&AFC #ZALJ\ %U%XJA$'*J E* ?3?3 5#E@5J *<$8* + E,EX* '+J 3 ? 1 9 : 7 L H A CJ n >+ J%E<'8 #5<$J+* '+J ?33 1(<*)97L(8*)

 '+EX6J<'XE% "J+'XE#* 5*E#, J%E<'8 #5<$J+*'EXE#*5$X+'%XE# <58XE"8E%'XE# '# E0E*E#L&#F\U #ZALJ\ %U%XJA$'*J 15#E@5J *<$8* ( $EX* ) 3?A $EX* Q ? $XJ$E#'+ "E#X *J"'+'XJ* '# E#XJ,J+ '# >+'%XE#'8 "'+X*J n ?3?.33? ??3 ?3?3$eifry iualjr systja es usjh ei henetfc `daputjrs.@DZ#X&#N &# L&#F\U

J%E<'8 #5<$J+ $E#'+ #5<$J+3 3 3 3 3? 3 3 3 ?1 3 3 ? 3

Page 51: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 51/155

9 3 3 ? ?: 3 ? 3 37 3 ? 3 ?L 3 ? ? 3H 3 ? ? ?

A ? 3 3 3C ? 3 3 ??3 ? 3 ? 3?? ? 3 ? ??1 ?? 3 3?9 ?? 3 ??: ?? ? 3?7 ?? ? ?

JF%U 6FU 2i

D-j`!e)j !pj ,uj*!edi* +e! fi*+jr* di A%7HD%?. kft hdjs ^*^ stfih gdr 'is HEPO DRJ\FXEIN PUPXJA <. ke`k frj tkj gui`tedis dg *

f. @ditrdccein tkj eiput fih dutput dpjrftedi !. @ditrdccein tkj eitjrf"tedi!jt#jji tkj ujr fih tkj "d$putjr ". @ditrdccein tkj prd"j d% tdrein fihdrnfie&ein he%%jrjit %ecj h. F'' X(JPJ j. idij d% tkjjFi)h 

*. kft hd ydu uihjrstfih ly tkj tjra W*^f. Xkj $ftjr "ditrdc prdnrf$ d% tkj "d$putjr #ke"k kjcp tkj "d$putjr td $fifnjtkj %ecj !. Xkj prdnrf$ #ke"k kjcp "d$putjr td "kj"+ tkj ,fredu pjrepkjrfchj,e"j 'is ldtk f fih l

-. kft wfs tkj cftjst vjrsedi dg <*-* tkft wfs rjcjfsjh sjpfrftjcy'is) .<< 7. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein stftjajit es `drrj`t di <*-* 'is. (f) <*-* es f `daafih hrevji dpjrftein systja  (l) <*-* j&kelets f systja prdapt rjprjsjitjh %b(`) <*-* es afhj up dg j&tjrifc fih eitjrifc `daafihs ('cc tkjsj)L. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein es idt f usufc gecj j&tjisedi ei *'is) .D/. kft hd ydu uihjrstfih ly lddtein

 'is tkj prd"j d% tfrtein tkj "d$putjr %rd$ tkj pd#jr2d%% pdetedi6.  ' lddtflcj heso es 'is f he+ tkft "ditfei fcc tkj tj$ %ecj d% HDPC. kft es tkj heggjrji`j ljtwjji `dch lddtein fih wfra lddtein

 'is) "dch !ddtein e tfrtein tkj "d$putjr %rd$ tkj pd#jr d%% pdetedi #fr$ !ddtein etkj rjtfrtein tkj "d$putjr #etk @FH0"ditrdc8fct8hct:"d$$fih dr rjjt !uttdi #kji etkfin.?3. ke`k gecjs ei<*-* `ditfeis eitjrifc `daafih tkft frj cdfhjh hurein tkjlddtein prd`jss Fi) @DAAFIH.@DA  ??. kft es tkj ifaj dg tkj lft`k gecj tkft es futdafte`fccy rui wkji <*-* eslddtjh Fi) F7XD\7I.>FX  ?1. >'X stfihs gdr .  Fi) %ecj fccd"ftedi tf!cj ?9. ke`k typj dg `daafihs ei <*-* ijjhs fhhetedifc gecjs gdr tkjer j&j`utedi

Page 52: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 52/155

 Fi) j;tjrifc "d$$fih ?:. Xkj +J# `daafih ei * es usjh td Fi) rjif$jf %ecj fih et "ditjit ?7. Xkj purpdsj dg tkj < `daafih es td  Fi) "rjftj f herj"tdr ?L.Xkj *%'#E*G prdnrfa . Fi) e f he+ fifce fih rjpfer tddc ?H. Xkj 'XX+E$ `daafih wecc  Fi) jt dr rj$d,j tkj rjfh dic 5fr"ke,j5 tj$

fih kehhji fttre!utj?A. Xd hespcfy tkj `urrjit hrevj cjttjr fih herj`tdry ifajydu wecc usj tkj gdccdwein`daafih  Fi) @H?C. Xkj `daafih %6GE*G wecc. Fi) fifc&j tkj herj"tdrej5 %ecj fih tkj %ecjfccd"ftedi tf!cj13. ij dg tkj gdccdwein es idt truj gdr tkj %" `daafih0f: Dij utecet d% tkj @DRU e td "d$!eij %ecj 0!: #kji $drj tkfi dij e "dpejh 5 AP2HDP hepcf tkj %ecjif$j d% jf"k %ecj 5 #ke"k e !jein "dpejh ". uein #ech"frh tkj"d$$fih "fi !j ujh td "d$pfrj t#d %ecj Fi) "1?. Xkj $8*"'%J `daafih es td  Fi) "d$prj j;etein he+ #kjtkjr tkj frjkfrh dr %cdpp he+ fih "rjftj ij# "d$prjjh ,dcu$j

11. Xkj gui`tedi dg J8X+JJ `daafih es td Fi)hjcjtj fi jiterj herj"tdr tkft "ditfei %ecj5u!herj"tdrej dr !dtk19. Xkj purpdsj dg tkj >+<'X daafih es tdf. "rjftj f ij# rddt herj"tdr fih %ecj fccd"ftedi tf!cj %dr tkj he+ !. cd"ftj fih $fr+ fcc!fh j"tdr di tkj he+ ". prjpfrj f %cdpp he+ %dr uj #etk tkj AP2HDP h. fcc d% tkjf!d,j Fi) h1:. Xkj `daafih 8'$J8

 Fi) pj"e%ej he+ ,dcu$j cf!jc ! pjr$ettein tkj ujr td "rjftj "kfinj dr hjcjtj f,dcu$j cf!jc di f he+ 17. Xkj <J< `daafih

 Fi) hepcf tkj f$duit d% ujh fih %rjj $j$dr di dur "d$putjr1L. Xkj <+J `daafih es gdr 

 Fi) rjfhein hftf %rd$ tkj tfihfrh eiput hj,e"j fih hepcfein f "d$$fih dutput f"rjji %ucc ft f te$j ditd f tfihfrh dutput hj,e"j fih pfuj #etk f $jfnj =AD\J? 1H. Xkj purpdsj dg <0J `daafih es td

 Fi) $d,j dij dr $drj %ecj td tkj cd"ftedi du kf,j pj"e%ejh 1A. Xkj <*$'%G5" `daafih es td . Fi) Et "fi fcd !f"+up fcc %ecj di f he+ dr%ecj tkft kf,j "kfinjh ei"j dur cft !f"+up1C. Xkj "'X6 `daafih. Fi) pj"e%ej herj"tdrej tkft AP2HDP e td jfr"k #kjitrein td cd"ftj j;j"utf!cj %ecj 93. Xkj "+E#X `daafih

 Fi) f. "fi preit ei tkj !f"+nrduih e% du kf,j di dutput hj,e"j "diij"tjh td dij d%dur tj$3 jrefc dr pfrfccjc pdrt e ujh td preit f tj;t %ecj9?. tkj +J"8'%J `daafih

 Fi) f. jcj"te,jc "dpej %ecj %rd$ f dur"j %ecj td tkj tfrnjt he+ !. fhh ij# %ecj tdtkj tfrnjt he+ e% tkj frj idt fcrjfh tkjrj ". rjpcf"j tkj %ecj ei tkj tfrnjt he+ #etk$drj rj"jit ,jredi d% tkj %ecj91. Xkj X+JJ `daafih

 Fi) hepcf tkj tru"turj d% tkj herj"tdrej d% tkj he+ ei tkj pj"e%ejh hre,j99. Xkj 5#J8JXJ `daafih

Page 53: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 53/155

 Fi) f. d%%jr tkrjj cj,jc d% prdtj"tein %ecj fnfeit f""ehjitfc hjcjtedi e fi J;tjrifc"d$$fih rjtdrj tkj %ecj tkft #jrj prj,educ hjcjtjh ! uein tkj HJ' "d$$fih 9:. Xkj XE<J `daafih es usjh td hespcfy teaj Fi) 7P te$j 97. ke`k `daafih ei * es usjh td hespcfy tkj vjrsedi dg <*-*  Fi) 1J\  9L. ke`k `daafih ei * `fi lj usjh td rj`dvjr f``ehjitfccy hjcjtjh gecjs

 Fi) 7IHJ'JXJ 9H. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein frj ljst tddcs gdr ge&ein jrrdrs di heso.. Fi) P@FIHEPO  9A. ke`k `daafih hespcfys tkj cest dg fcc prjvedus `daafihs jitjrjh ly tkj usjr

 Fi) HDPOJU  9C. ke`k `daafih hespcfys ifaj dg gecjs ei sdrtjh drhjr Fi) HE\9FI  :3. ke`k swet`k skduch lj usjh ei tkj E+ `daafih td vejw gecj herj`tdrejs Fi) p-4. ke`k `daafih ei * es usjh td sjt f ifaj td f heso Fi) 'F>J':1. 0E+5* stfihs gdr Fi) 1ertufc ei%dr$ftedi rjdur"j uihjr je&j:9. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein gecj ifajs frj eivfceh ei <*-*(f) <>E8J.* l).%6J%G[(`)0J+E>EJ. 9h.@J+X.?'is  ::. ke`k `daafih `fi lj usjh td rj`rjftj tkj hesos trf`os fih sj`tdrs

 'is >+<'X :7. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein stftjajits es truj ei rjnfrh td E*G%"(f) %" fih E*G%" frj sfaj (l) E*G%" es f luect-ei `daafih ei * (`)E*G%" `fi lj usjh di kfrh hesos (h) E*G%" `fi lj usjh wetk f gcdppy fih fkfrh heso'is `:L. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein stftjajits ei rjnfrh td herj`tdrejs es gfcsj(f) herj`tdrejs wetk gecjs `fi lj hjcjtjh (l) herj`tdrejs `fi idt lj rjifajh (`) tkj rddtherj`tdry es fcwfys ft tkj kenkjst cjvjc (h) herj`tdrejs `fi j&est eisehj herj`tdrejs. fisl:H. ke`k `daafih `fi lj usjh td rj`dvjr f``ehjitcy hjcjtjh gecjs ei <*-*

 'is. 5#J8JXJ:A. ke`k `daafih `fi lj usjh td hespcfy tkj vjrsedi dg <**'is. 0J+:C.kft es tkj swet`k tkft es usjh td afoj surj tkft tkj %" `daafih`dpejh gecjs`drrj`tcy Fi) B1 73. kft wecc lj tkj dutput `daafih "+<"X [8["[, Fi) 'RN7?. <*-* es usufccy suppcejh di f  Fi) %cdpp he+ dr he+cjttj71. ke`k dij dg tkj gdccdwein es idt f * prdapt f.%bl.$b`.'bh.J#XJ+ Fi) h 79. ke`k dtkjr gdccdwein es idt fi eitjrifc hds `daafihf. $'%G5" l. %" `.%8* h. $+J'G Fi) F7:.ke`k fadin tkj gdccdwein frj truj ei rjnfrh td erj`tdrejs

 'is. (f) erj`tdrejs wetk gecjs `fi lj hjcjtjh (l) Xkj rddt herj`tdry es fcwfys ft tkjkenkjst cjvjc (`) erj`tdrejs `fi j&est eisehj herj`tdrejs. (h) 'cc tkjsj ('is h)77. ke`k wecc lj dutput dg tkj `daafih "+<"X [8["[,'is. 8",7L. Xkj * `daafih wke`k `fiidt lj j&j`utjh wetk vjrsedis ? fih 1

 Fi) 'F>J'7H. ke`k dij dg tkj gdccdwein gecj ifajs es eivfceh ei *(f) +EX.$'X (l) 8E*XJ#.$E# (`) +85'.$'X (h) X'8G.$'* ( Fi) @ :7A.Xkj `fpf`ety dg tkj iualjr dg sj`tdrs fih tkj iualjr dg gecjs jitrejs 9.7 ei`k gcdppygdr rddt herj`tdry ei <*-* frj rjspj`tevjcy(fssuaj tkj `fpf`ety td lj 1.AA <$)

 Fi) 45 <-L . ke`k dij dg tkj gdccdwein es 4frj eitjrifc * %daafih (s)

Page 54: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 54/155

 Fi. (f) %" (l) %8* (`) $+J'G (h) 'cc tkjsjL3. ke`k dij dg tkj gdccdwein * `daafih sjihs `ditjits dg tkj s`rjji td fidutput hjve`j'is. <+JL?. ke`k dij dg tkj gdccdwein es f vfceh * `daafih(f) +J#'<J '*'<"8J.X]X (l) 8E*X. (`) +J%0J+ ' (h) 8E*X __

 'is. (`) +J%0J+ 'L1. ke`k dij dg tkj gdccdwein `daafih es fi eitjrifc * %daafih 'is. (f) +J# (l) 'XJ (`) %8* (h) 'cc tkjsj

@fp!jr =4

Ae`rd*dg! 6eihd+*

<e`rdsdgt eihdws (dr seapcy eihdws) es f ajtfgfaecy dg nrfpke`fc dpjrftein systjashjvjcdpjh afrojtjh fih sdch ly <e`rdsdgt. Et `disests dg sjvjrfc gfaecejs dg dpjrfteinsystjas jf`k dg wke`k `ftjr td f `jrtfei sj`tdr dg tkj `daputein eihustry. '`tevjeihdws gfaecejs ei`cuhj eihdws #X eihdws Jaljhhjh fih eihdws "kdij=tkjsj afy ji`dapfss sulgfaecejs j.n. eihdws Jaljhhjh %dapf`t(eihdws %J) dr eihdws *jrvjr. jgui`t eihdws gfaecejs ei`cuhj eihdws C& fih eihdws <dlecj.

<e`rdsdgt eitrdhu`jh fi dpjrftein jiverdiajit ifajh eihdws di #dvjaljr 13?CA7 fs f nrfpke`fc dpjrftein systja skjcc gdr <*-* ei rjspdisj td tkj nrdweineitjrjst ei nrfpke`fc usjr eitjrgf`js (,5Es).<e`rdsdgt eihdws `faj td hdaeiftj tkjwdrchOs pjrsdifc `daputjr afrojt wetk dvjr C3U afrojt skfrj dvjrtfoein <f` *wke`k kfh ljji eitrdhu`jh ei ?CA:.6dwjvjr sei`j 13?1 tkfios td tkj afssevj nrdwtk dg safrtpkdijs eihdws sjccs cjsstkfi 'ihrdeh wke`k lj`faj tkj adst pdpucfr dpjrftein systja ei 13?: wkji `duiteinfcc dg tkj `daputein pcftgdras jf`k dpjrftein systja ruis di= ei 13?: tkj iualjr dgeihdws hjve`js sdch wjrj cjss tkfi 17U dg 'ihrdeh hjve`js sdch. 6dwjvjr`dapfresdis f`rdss heggjrjit afrojts frj idt guccy rjcjvfit= fih gdr pjrsdifc `daputjrseihdws es stecc tkj adst pdpucfr dpjrftein systja.

 's dg Mucy 13?7 tkj adst rj`jit vjrsedi dg eihdws gdr pjrsdifc `daputjrs tflcjtsfih safrtpkdijs es eihdws ?3. Xkj adst rj`jit vjrsedis gdr sjrvjr `daputjrs fihjaljhhjh hjve`js frj rjspj`tevjcy eihdws *jrvjr 13?1 +1 fih eihdws JaljhhjhA. ' spj`efce!jh vjrsedi dg eihdws ruis di tkj ]ld& ij nfaj `disdcj.Xkj ij&t sjrvjr vjrsedi dg eihdws es eihdws *jrvjr 13?L wke`k es j&pj`tjh td ljrjcjfsjh ei jfrcy 13?L.Jfrc )jr*edi*

Page 55: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 55/155

Ei #dvjaljr ?CAA f ijw hjvjcdpajit tjfa wetkei ljnfi wdro di f rjvfapjh vjrsedidg E$< fih <e`rdsdgtOs *41 dpjrftein systja oidwi fs V#X *41V.6dwjvjr gdccdweintkj su``jssguc rjcjfsj dg eihdws 9.3 tkj #X hjvjcdpajit tjfa hj`ehjh td rjwdro tkjprdj`t td usj fi j&tjihjh 91-letpdrt dg tkj eihdws '"E oidwi fs ei91 eistjfh dgtkdsj dg *41.

6eihd+* ?5Eeihdws 9.3 rjcjfsjh ei ?CC3 eaprdvjh tkj hjseni adstcy lj`fusj dg vertufc ajadryfih cdfhflcj vertufc hjve`j hrevjrs (0&s) tkft fccdw eihdws td skfrj frletrfry hjve`jsljtwjji aucte-tfsojh * fppce`ftedis.6eihd+* ?5=> afhj njijrfccy fvfecflcj di <fr`k ? ?CC1 gjfturjh f gf`jcegt. Ei 'unust?CC9 eihdws gdr dronrdups f spj`efc vjrsedi wetk eitjnrftjh pjjr-td-pjjrijtwdroein gjfturjs fih f vjrsedi iualjr dg 9.?? wfs rjcjfsjh. Et wfs sdch fcdineihdws 9.?. *uppdrt gdr eihdws 9.? jihjh di j`jaljr 9? 133?.6eihd+* ?52> rjcjfsjh ?CC: es fi uphftjh vjrsedi dg tkj %keijsj vjrsedi dg eihdws9.?6eihd+* :E

Xkj ij&t afdr `disuajr-drejitjh rjcjfsj dg eihdws eihdws C7 wfs rjcjfsjh di 'unust 1: ?CC7. kecj stecc rjafeiein <*-*-lfsjh eihdws C7 eitrdhu`jh suppdrtgdr iftevj 91-let fppce`ftedis pcun fih pcfy kfrhwfrj prjjaptevj auctetfsoein cdin gecjifajs dg up td 177 `kfrf`tjrs fih prdvehjh ei`rjfsjh stflecety dvjr ets prjhj`jssdrs.6eihd+* :eihdws C7 wfs gdccdwjh up wetk tkj rjcjfsj dg eihdws CA di Muij 17 ?CCA wke`keitrdhu`jh tkj eihdws revjr <dhjc suppdrt gdr 5*$ `dapdsetj hjve`js suppdrt gdr

 '%"E keljriftedi fih suppdrt gdr aucte-adietdr `digenurftedis.i *jptjaljr ?: 1333 <e`rdsdgt rjcjfsjh 6eihd+* AJ (Aeccjiieua Jhe!edi"> tkjcfst *-lfsjh vjrsedi dg eihdws.6eihd+* #X

 'gtjr jfrcy vjrsedis dg #X eihdws #X :.3 wfs rjcjfsjh ei Muij ?CCL eitrdhu`ein tkjrjhjsenijh eitjrgf`j dg eihdws C7 td tkj #X sjrejs. i >jlrufry ?H 1333 <e`rdsdgtrjcjfsjh eihdws 1333 f su``jssdr td #X :.3. Xkj eihdws #X ifaj wfs hrdppjhft tkes pdeit ei drhjr td put f nrjftjr gd`us di tkj eihdws lrfih.

6eihd+* 8e*!f 'gtjr f cjintky hjvjcdpajit prd`jss eihdws 0estf wfs rjcjfsjh di #dvjaljr 93133L gdr vdcuaj ce`jisein fih Mfiufry 93 133H gdr `disuajrs. Et `ditfeijh f iualjrdg ijw gjfturjs grda f rjhjsenijh skjcc fih usjr eitjrgf`j td seniege`fit tj`kie`fc`kfinjs wetk f pfrte`ucfr gd`us di sj`urety gjfturjs.6eihd+* i Mucy 11 133C eihdws H fih eihdws *jrvjr 133A +1 wjrj rjcjfsjh fs +X<

(rjcjfsj td afiugf`turein) wkecj tkj gdrajr wfs rjcjfsjh td tkj pulce` 9 aditks cftjr di`tdljr 11 133C. 5iceoj ets prjhj`jssdr eihdws 0estf wke`k eitrdhu`jh f cfrnjiualjr dg ijw gjfturjs eihdws H wfs eitjihjh td lj f adrj gd`usjh ei`rjajitfcupnrfhj td tkj eihdws ceij wetk tkj ndfc dg ljein `dapftelcj wetk fppce`ftedis fihkfrhwfrj wetk wke`k eihdws 0estf wfs fcrjfhy `dapftelcj.6eihd+* fih 5=eihdws A tkj su``jssdr td eihdws H wfs rjcjfsjh njijrfccy di `tdljr 1L 13?1.

 ' iualjr dg seniege`fit `kfinjs wjrj afhj di eihdws A ei`cuhein tkj eitrdhu`tedi dg

Page 56: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 56/155

f usjr eitjrgf`j lfsjh frduih <e`rdsdgtOs <jtrd hjseni cfinufnj wetk dpteae!ftedis gdrtdu`k-lfsjh hjve`js su`k fs tflcjts fih fcc-ei-dij "%s.6eihd+* =4i *jptjaljr 93 13?: <e`rdsdgt fiidui`jh eihdws ?3 fs tkj su``jssdr tdeihdws A.?. Et wfs rjcjfsjh di Mucy 1C 13?7 fih fhhrjssjs skdrt`daeins ei tkj usjr 

eitjrgf`j gerst eitrdhu`jh wetk eihdws A.Xkes ijw eihdws aust kjcp dur `ustdajrslj prdhu`tevj ei ldtk tkjer henetfc wdro fih tkjer henetfc cegj. Xkes ijw eihdws austjapdwjr pjdpcj fih drnfie!ftedis td hd nrjft tkeins.

>en.?3.?. fcc pfpjr dg eihdws ?3

Auc!eceinufc *uppdr!<ucteceinufc suppdrt es luect eitd eihdws. Xkj cfinufnj gdr ldtk tkj ojyldfrh fih tkjeitjrgf`j `fi lj `kfinjh tkrdunk tkj +jnedi fih 8finufnj %ditrdc "fijc.Rcf!gdra *uppdr!eihdws #X ei`cuhjh suppdrt gdr sjvjrfc heggjrjit pcftgdras ljgdrj tkj &AL-lfsjhpjrsdifc `daputjr lj`faj hdaeifit ei tkj prdgjssedifc wdrch. eihdws #X :.3 fih etsprjhj`jssdrs suppdrtjh "dwjr"% J% 'cpkf fih <E"* +:333.6eihd+* @JXkj cftjst `urrjit vjrsedi dg eihdws %J eihdws Jaljhhjh %dapf`t H hespcfyeinf `di`jpt ajhef pcfyjr 5E.

>en.?3.?. fcc pfpjr dg eihdws %Jeihdws %J (dgge`efccy oidwi fs eihdws Jaljhhjh %dapf`t) es fi jhetedi dgeihdws tkft ruis di aeieafceste` `daputjrs ceoj sftjccetj ifvenftedi systjas fihsdaj adlecj pkdijs. eihdws Jaljhhjh %dapf`t es lfsjh di ets dwi hjhe`ftjh

ojrijc hulljh eihdws %J ojrijc. <e`rdsdgt ce`jisjs eihdws %J td J<s fihhjve`j afojrs. Xkj J<s fih hjve`j afojrs `fi adhegy fih `rjftj tkjer dwi u*jrei!jrgf`j* fih j&pjreji`js wkecj eihdws %J prdvehjs tkj tj`kie`fc gduihftedi td hdsd.'-dE D%]ld& * es fi uidgge`efc ifaj nevji td tkj vjrsedi dg eihdws tkft ruis di tkj ]ld&ij. Et es f adrj spj`ege` eapcjajitftedi wetk fi japkfses di vertufce!ftedi (usein6ypjr-0) fs et es tkrjj dpjrftein systjas ruiiein ft di`j `disestein dg tkj `drj

Page 57: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 57/155

dpjrftein systja f sj`dih eapcjajitjh gdr nfajs fih f adrj eihdws-ceojjiverdiajit gdr fppce`ftedis.Fc!jrif!e)j eapcjaji!f!edi*wein td tkj dpjrftein systjaOs pdpucfrety f iualjr dg fppce`ftedis kfvj ljjirjcjfsjh tkft fea td prdvehj `dapftelecety wetk eihdws fppce`ftedis jetkjr fs f

`dapftelecety cfyjr gdr fidtkjr dpjrftein systja dr fs f stfihfcdij systja tkft `fi ruisdgtwfrj wrettji gdr eihdws dut dg tkj ld&. Xkjsj ei`cuhj/ 6eij G f grjj fih dpji-sdur`j eapcjajitftedi dg tkj eihdws '"E fccdwein dijtd rui afiy eihdws fppce`ftedis di &AL-lfsjh pcftgdras ei`cuhein 5#E] 8eiu& fih* ]. eij hjvjcdpjrs rjgjr td et fs f V`dapftelecety cfyjrVmL3 fih usj eihdws-stycj

 '"Es td jaucftj eihdws jiverdiajit./ @rd**D)jr G f eij pf`ofnj wetk ce`jisjh gdits. Ets hjvjcdpjrs frj rjnucfr`ditrelutdrs td eij fih gd`us di eij ruiiein dgge`efccy suppdrtjh fppce`ftedis./ @jhjnf G prdprejtfry gdro dg eij ly Xrfis,faein Xj`kidcdnejs hjsenijhspj`ege`fccy gdr ruiiein <e`rdsdgt eihdws nfajs di 8eiu&. ' vjrsedi dg %jhjnf oidwifs %ehjr fccdws eihdws nfajs td rui di * ]. *ei`j eij wfs ce`jisjh uihjr tkj

8,"8 %jhjnf kfs ljji uiflcj td pdrt tkj eaprdvjajits afhj td eij td tkjerprdprejtfry `dhjlfsj. %jhjnf `jfsjh ets sjrve`j ei >jlrufry 13??./ Hfr+eij G f pdrt dg eij gdr * ] fih frwei. pjrftjs ly ruiiein eij di@J<5./ CeiuE Ziegejh $jrijc B ' sjt dg pft`kjs td tkj 8eiu& ojrijc fccdwein gerst-`cfsseihdws j&j`utflcj gecjs ei 8eiu& (usein eij 88s) td usj eihdws hrevjrs fih ljgfstjr tkfi eitjrprjtjh eij./ \jf`!D% B fi dpji-sdur`j * eitjihjh td rui tkj sfaj sdgtwfrj fs eihdwsdreneifccy hjsenijh td seaucftj eihdws #X :.3 idw feaein ft eihdws H `dapftelecety.Et kfs ljji ei tkj hjvjcdpajit stfnj sei`j ?CCL./ Cei*perj B gdrajrcy 8eihdws* f `daajr`efc 8eiu& hestrelutedi eietefccy `rjftjhwetk tkj ndfc dg ruiiein afdr eihdws sdgtwfrj. %kfinjh ets ifaj td 8eisperj fgtjr<e`rdsdgt v. 8eihdws.es`diteiujh ei gfvdr dg ]fihrds jsotdp./ 0rjjhd+* D% B fi dpji-sdur`j fttjapt ft `rjftein f eihdws `cdij gdr &ALpcftgdras eitjihjh td lj rjcjfsjh uihjr tkj ,#5 ,jijrfc "ulce` 8e`jisj. *tfrtjh ei?CCL ly +jj`j G. *jccei tkj prdj`t wfs ijvjr `dapcjtjh njttein dicy td tkj stfnj dghjseni hes`ussedis wke`k gjfturjh f iualjr dg idvjc `di`jpts uitec et wfs suspjihjh ei1331.

Xj fh)fi!fnj* dg +eihd+*?. Jfsy td cjfri1. 5sjr grejihcy9. >ecj ifajs `fi lj 177 `kfrf`tjrs fih spf`j `fi lj ei`cuhjh.

:. Xkj gdccdwein syaldcs skduch idt lj usjh - Tb 7. Et es f 91 let dpjrftein systja.L. Jf`k fppce`ftedi es rui ei sjpfrftj weihdwsH. 'ccdws tkj usjr td wdro di auctepcj fppce`ftedi seauctfijduscyA. Et es fi dpjrftein systja fih fppce`ftedi sdgtwfrj.C. 8J gf`ecety?3. "cun fih pcfy gf`ecety??. %daadi ajius

Page 58: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 58/155

?1. +uis ei prdtj`tjh adhj - "rdtj`tjh adhj jisurjs tkft gfecurj dg fiy dij prdnrfahdjs idt kfct tkj `daputjr.?9. >f`ecety td trfisgjr hftf ljtwjji heggjrjit fppce`ftedis. Xkft es wj `fi `rjftj fpe`turj ei hrfwein sdgtwfrj fih trfisgjr td f cjttjr typein sdgtwfrj.?:. 'hvfi`j gjfturjs gdr ijtwdroein fih `daauie`ftedi.

?7. rfn 2 rdp gf`ecety?L. +jquerjs prdpjr skut hdwi?H. @ue`o cfui`kjr sj`tedi?A. $uect ei eitjrijt j&pcdrjr ?C. '`tevj hjsotdp13. 0 %dapftelecety1?. <uctepcj adietdrs `fi lj `diij`tjh.

6eihd+* 8* HD%eihdws dggjr afiy fhvfitfnjs-dvjr *.*daj dg tkja frj=5 Re`!drefc ei!jrgf`j

Etjas rjprjsjitjh ly pe`turjs wke`k frj jfsejr td rjajaljr.25 0f`ece! !d rui adrj !fi dij fppce`f!edi f! f !eaj5  Et es 91 let prd`jssein eihdw.kji ydu stfrt f prdnrfa dr fppce`ftedi f hjgeijh wdro frjf fppjfrs di tkj s`rjji.Xkes hjgeijh wdro frjf es `fccjh f weihdw. ' weihdw es f advflcj rjse!flcj frjf eiwke`k eigdraftedi es hespcfyjh fih wetk wke`k ydu `fi eitjrf`t.Rrdnrfa*"rdnrfas frj drnfie!jh sjrejs dg eistru`tedis tkft wkji j&j`utjh `fusjs f `daputjrtd ljkfvj ei f prjhjtjraeijh afiijr. Jn drhpfh.0ecjJf`k gecj es f `dccj`tedi dg tj&t dr hftf sfvjh uihjr f uiequj ifaj. <dst dg tkjeigdraftedi stdrjh di ydur `daputjr es stdrjh ei gecj.

0dchjr*>dchjrs frj `ditfeijrs gdr prdnrfas gecjs fih dtkjr gdchjrs tkft frj usjh td drnfie!jtkj eigdraftedi di ydur `daputjr. ' gdchjr es rjprjsjitjh ei weihdws ly f gecj gdchjre`di. >dchjrs frj jquevfcjit dg herj`tdrejs ei *.Hefcdn -dE

 ' hefcdn ld& es f typj dg weihdw hespcfyjh ly tkj weihdws dpjrftein systja dr ly fprdnrfa et rjqujsts ydur eiput dr prjsjits eigdraftedi.F`!e)j/

 '`tevj es tkj stftj dg tkj etja (su`k fs f weihdw e`di tfl dr luttdi) tkft ydu sjcj`tusein tkj adusj dr tkj ojyldfrh.Z*ein dur adu*j/

Ei fhhetedi td tkj ojyldfrh ydu `fi usj f pdeitein hjve`j td nevj ydur `daputjreistru`tedis . Xkj adst pdpucfr typj dg pdeitein hjve`j es tkj adusj. Xkjrj frj : lfse`f`tedi= pdeitein ce`oein hdulcj `ce`oein fih hrfnnein. Xkj adusj `ditrdcs f pdeitjrtkft ehjitegejs ydur cd`ftedi di tkj s`rjji.%ce`oein ajfis prjssein fih rjcjfsein f adusj luttdi dijteaj. dulcj `ce`oein ajfistd prjss fih rjcjfsj tkj cegt adusj luttdi twe`j ei que`o su``jssedi. >dr hrfnnein fidlj`t gerst pdsetedi tkj pdeitjr dvjr fi dlj`t prjss fih kdch hdwi tkj cegt adusjluttdi advj tkj adusj td tkj hjserjh pcf`j di ydur s`rjji. +jcjfsj tkj luttdi.

Page 59: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 59/155

Hrfnneinrfnnein es tkj prd`jhurj gdr advein dr `dpyein fi dlj`t grda dij pcf`j td fidtkjr ditkj s`rjji wetk tkj adusj. %ce`o fih kdch hdwi tkj adusj luttdi wkecj advein tkjpdeitjr td tkj ijw cd`ftedi fih rjcjfsj tkj adusj luttdi.Hj*.!dp

Et eihe`ftjs tkj jiterj s`rjji fs ydu sjj wkji weihdwsA.? kfs stfrtjh.Rfr!* dg hj*.!dpc. fccpfpjr 1. lj`ts dr e`dis 9. Xfsolfrkji ydu gerst stfrt weihdws ydu sjj f s`rjji tkft jiterj s`rjji es `fccjh hjsotdp

fih et es hjsenijh td cddo ceoj tkj tdp dg f rjfc hjso. du `fi wretj cjttjrs `rjftjhrfweins dr usj f `fc`ucftdr wkecj wdroein di tkj hjsotdp ei tkj sfaj wfy fs ydu wdrodi tkj surgf`j dg f rjfc hjso.&`di/eihdws hjsotdp ei`cuhjs sjvjrfc safcc pe`turjs. Xkjsj frj fccjh e`di. Et es f safccnrfpke` eafnj tkft fppjfrs di ydur hjsotdp dr wetk ei f prdnrfa wke`k rjprjsjits fgecj gdchjr `daafih prdnrfa dr wjl pfnj.

Rfr!* dg !j +eihd+@di!rdc -u!!di / 7 Xkj `ditrdc luttdi fppjfrs ei tkj uppjr cjgt `drijr dg jf`k weihdwly usein `ditrdc ajiu `daafihs ydu `fi rjse!j advj aeieae!j af&eae!j fihrjstdrj weihdws. -Xe!cj -fr/ 7 skdws tkj ifaj dg tkj fppce`ftedis dr tkj hd`uajit.AeieaeOj / Xkj aeieae!j luttdi es usjh td rjhu`j tkj weihdw se!j.AfEeaeOj / - Xkj af&eae!j luttdi es usjh td af&eae!j tkj weihdw.\j*!drj/ 7 Xkj rjstdrj luttdi es usjh td rjstdrj tkj weihdw td ets dreneifc se!j.Ajiu -fr/ 7 Xkj ajiu lfr `ditfeis cest dg `daafihs dr f`tedis ydu `fi `frry dut wetkweihdws.%`rdcc -fr /7 Xkj s`rdcc lfr fccdws ydu td advj pfrts dg f hd`uajit eitd vejw wkji tkjjiterj hd`uajit hdjs idt get eitd tkj weihdws.

%dr!`u! .j*>? 6jcp%X+8SJ*% pji *tfrt ajiu

 '8XSX'$ *wet`k ljtwjji dpji prdnrfas '8XS>: @uet prdnrfa*6E>ESJ8JXJ jcjtj etja pjrafijitcyeihdws 8dnd S 8 8d`o tkj `daputjr (wetkdut usein %X+8S'8XS J8JXJ)%X+8S %%dpy%X+8S] %ut%X+8S0 "fstj

%X+8SI 5ihd%X+8S +jhd dr rjpjft fi f`tedi.%X+8S $ $dch%X+8S5 5ihjrceij%X+8S E Etfce`*6E>X S renkt `ce`o espcfys f skdrt`ut ajiu `ditfeiein fctjriftevj `daafihs*6E>X S hdulcj `ce`o +uis tkj fctjriftj hjgfuct `daafih

 '8X S hdulcj `ce`o espcfys prdpjrtejs

Page 60: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 60/155

*6E>>S J8JXJ jcjtjs fi etja eaajheftjcy wetkdut pcf`ein et ei tkj +j`y`cj $ei>?3 '`tevftjs ajiu lfr dptedis*6E>X S >?3 pjis f skdrt`ut ajiu gdr tkj sjcj`tjh etja (tkes es tkj sfaj fs renkt-`ce`oein fi dlj`t)%X+8SJ*% pjis tkj *tfrt ajiu

%X+8SJ*% dr J*% *jcj`ts tkj *tfrt luttdi%X+8S*6E>"SJ*% pjis eihdws Xfso <fifnjr '8XS# '++ pjis f hrdp-hdwi cest ld&*6E>X "rjss fih kdch hdwi tkj *6E>X ojy wkecj ydu eisjrt f %-+< td lypfss tkjfutdafte`-rui gjfturj

 '8XS*"'%J espcfys tkj afei weihdws *ystja ajiu '8XS ('8X S kypkji) espcfys tkj <uctepcj d`uajit Eitjrgf`j (<E) `kech weihdw;s*ystja ajiu%X+8SX'$ *wet`k td tkj ij&t `kech weihdw dg f <uctepcj d`uajit Eitjrgf`j (<E)prdnrfa

 '8X S uihjrceijh cjttjr ei ajiu pjis tkj ajiu

 '8XS>: %cdsjs tkj `urrjit weihdw%X+8S>: %cdsjs tkj `urrjit <uctepcj d`uajit Eitjrgf`j (<E) weihdw '8XS>L *wet`k ljtwjji auctepcj weihdws ei tkj sfaj prdnrfa '8X S*6E>X SXfl *wet`k td tkj prjvedus weihdw. '8XS>7 +jstdrj tkj se!j dg tkj f`tevj weihdw fgtjr ydu af&eae!j et.*6E>XS>L <dvj td f tfso pfij grda fidtkjr pfij ei tkj prdnrfa weihdw(%duitjr`cd`owesj herj`tedi).%X+8S >L kji adrj tkfi dij weihdw es dpji swet`k td tkj ij&t weihdw.%X+8S*6E>XS>L *wet`k td tkj prjvedus weihdw.%X+8S >?3 <f&eae!j dr rjstdrj f sjcj`tjh weihdw.*6E>X SXfl <dvj td tkj prjvedus dptedi dr dptedi nrdup.

 '8XS "+E#X *%+JJ# %dpy f pe`turj dg tkj sjcj`tjh eihdw td tkj %cepldfrh.Xfl <dvj td tkj ij&t dptedi dr dptedi nrdup.%X+8 S*6E>X SXfl *wet`k td tkj prjvedus tfl ei f hefcdn ld&.

 '8XS tkj cjttjr uihjrceijh ei fi dptedi *jcj`t fi dptedi= sjcj`t dr `cjfr f `kj`o ld&.%X+8S8J>X '++ <dvj dij wdrh td tkj cjgt%X+8S+E,6X '++ <dvj dij wdrh td tkj renkt.*6E>XSJ# *jcj`t grda tkj `ursdr td tkj jih dg tkj jitry.%X+8S>?1 dr %X+8S espcfy tkj pji hefcdn ld&.>?1 espcfy tkj *fvj 's hefcdn ld&.$'%G*"'%J pji tkj gdchjr dij cjvjc fldvj tkj sjcj`tjh gdchjr.>: dr '8XSE pji tkj cddo ei cest.%X+8S*"'%J $'+ espcfy tkj gucc sjt dg `daafihs di tkj tfso pfij ajiu.%X+8S*6E>XS*"'%J$'+ %rjftj f idi lrjfoein spf`j.%X+8S*6E>XS6"6J# %rjftj f idi lrjfoein kypkji.%X+8S*6E>XS T j`rjfsj gdit se!j dij vfcuj.%X+8S*6E>XSb Ei`rjfsj gdit se!j dij vfcuj.%X+8S m j`rjfsj gdit se!j ? pdeit.%X+8S Ei`rjfsj gdit se!j ? pdeit.%X+8S'8XS0 "fstj spj`efc.

Page 61: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 61/155

%X+8S*6E>XS0 "fstj gdrafttein dicy%X+8S# %rjftj f ijw hd`uajit.%X+8S pji f hd`uajit%X+8S= %cdsj f hd`uajit.

 '8XS%X+8S* *pcet tkj hd`uajit weihdw.

%X+8S* *fvj f hd`uajit.%X+8S> pji tkj #fvenftedi tfso pfij (td sjfr`k hd`uajit). '8XS%X+8S +jpjft geih (fgtjr `cdsein >eih fih +jpcf`j weihdw).%X+8S6 +jpcf`j tj&t spj`ege` gdrafttein fih spj`efc etjas.%X+8S , ,d td f pfnj lddoafro gddtidtj tflcj `daajit nrfpke` dr dtkjrcd`ftedi.

 '8X S %X+8SI *wet`k ljtwjji tkj cfst gdur cd`ftedis tkft ydu kfvj jhetjh. '8XS%X+8S" *wet`k td "reit 8fydut vejw. '8XS%X+8S *wet`k td dutceij vejw. '8XS%X+8S# *wet`k td rfgt vejw.

0rj,uji!c f*.jh ,uj*!edi*?. Kd+ !d rj*!fr! f `dapu!jr< "rjss tkj `daleiftedi dg tkj %trc S 'ct S jc ojys di

tkj ojy ldfrh.*jcj`t Wstfrt^= sjcj`t Wskut hdwi^ = *jcj`t W+jstfrtV `daputjr."rjss tkj W+jsjt^.1. 6eihd+* 'R e*5<  'is 'i dpjrftein systja.9. ke`k frj tkj *tfihfrh e dis prjsjit di tkj hjsotdp<y `daputjr+j`y`cj $eiEitjrijt J&pcdrjr 

:. kjrj es tkj W*tfrt^ luttdi cd`ftjh i tkj FXfso lfr;.

7. ky tfso lfr es veselcj dicy wkji tkj adusj ndjs td tkj pdsetedi et es setuftjh$j`fusj tkj futd kehjs prdpjrty dg Xfso lfr es di.

L. <f&eae!j luttdi es cd`ftjh di.. 'isXkj Xfso $fr.H. 6dw td cdsj f eihdw %ce`o di tkj W%cdsj^ luttdi di tkj WXetcj $fr. *jcj`t

W>ecj^ ajiu= *jcj`t WJ&etV. 5sj skdrt `ut ojys 'ct S >:.A. eihdws e`dis. - <eieae!j <f&eae!j %cdsjC. Xkj `urrjitcy dpji eihdws dr fppce ftedi ruiiein ft fiy nevji teaj fi lj vejwjh

ly tkj luttdis (e`dis) eihe`ftjh di tkj .. FXfso lfr;.?3.Xd vesufce!j tkj `cd`o eihe`ftdr di tkj WXfso $fr^ ..

 'is %kddsj tkj W*kdw %cd`o^ dptedi grda tkj Xfso $fr prdpjrtejs.??. ke`k es tkj hjgfuct eitjrijt lrdwsjr suppcejh wetk eihdws A Eitjrijt J&pcdrjr 

?1.kft es tkj renkt wfy td kfinj tkj teaj sjtteins grda W?1 kdurs `cd`o td f 1:kdurs `cd`o *jcj`t Wstfrt^= sjcj`t W*jtteins^ = *jcj`t W%ditrdc "fijc V = *jcj`tW+jnedifc sjtteins^= %ce`o WXeaj^ tfl (`kfinj tkj sjtteins)

?9.6dw td vejw tkj ifajs dg fcc tkj adst rj`jitcy dpjijh gecjs dr prdnrfas eieihdws %ce`o di tkj W*tfrt^ luttdi= *jcj`t Wd`uajits^.

?:.$y hjgfuct tkj gecjs tkft frj hjcjtjh frj Wsjit td^ +j`y`cj $ei?7.ptedis fvfecflcj uihjr W*jit td^ 'is <fec rj`epejit <y hd`uajits 9

gcdppy ' % + hrevj ,

Page 62: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 62/155

?L.Xkj `urrjitcy dpji eihdws dr fppce`ftedi ruiiein ft fiy nevji teaj `fi lj vejwjhly tkj luttdis (e`dis) eihe`ftjh di tkj .. FXfso lfr;.

?H.Xd vesufce!j tkj `cd`o eihe`ftdr di tkj WXfso $fr^ .. %kddsj tkj W*kdw %cd`o^ dptedigrda tkj Xfso $fr prdpjrtejs.

?A.ke`k es tkj hjgfuct eitjrijt lrdwsjr suppcejh wetk eihdw A Eitjrijt J&pcdrjr 

?C.kft es tkj renkt wfy td kfinj tkj teaj sjtteins grda W?1 kdurs `cd`o td f 1:kdurs `cd`o *jcj`t Wstfrt^= sjcj`t W*jtteins^ = *jcj`t W%ditrdc "fijc V = *jcj`tW+jnedifc sjtteins^= %ce`o WXeaj^ tfl (`kfinj tkj sjtteins)

@fp!jr ==

A%7 6drhXkj drh 'ppce`ftedi fih d`uajit eihdwsdrh es luect frduih f sjt dg eitjrf`tevj weihdws rj`tfinucfr di s`rjji ld&js tkrdunkwke`k ydu `daauie`ftj wetk tkj wdrh prdnrfa fih `rjftj ydur hd`uajits. kji ydustfrt wdrh twd weihdws fppjfr di tkj s`rjji dij ijstcjh siuncy wetkei tkj dtkjr. Xkjcfrnjr dg tkjsj `fccjh tkj fppce`ftedi weihdw grfajs tkj jiterj s`rjji= ydu usj et td`daauie`ftj wetk tkj drh prdnrfa. (Xkj tjras prdnrfa fih fppce`ftedi frjsyidiyadus.) Xkj safccjr weihdw `fccjh tkj hd`uajit weihdw gets sjfacjsscy wetkeitkj fppce`ftedi weihdw= ydu usj et td `rjftj fih jhet ydur drh hd`uajits.

Xj gen/ ==5= *d+ !j *`rjji jcjaji!* +e! +e` du ijjh !d -j gfaecefr +ji u*einA%76drh5

Fppce`f!edi +eihd+Xkj cfrnjr dg tkj twd stfrt-up weihdws= et prdvehjs fi eitjrgf`j ljtwjji tkj usjr fihdrh.Hd`uaji! +eihd+Xkj safccjr dg tkj twd stfrt-up weihdws= et kdchs tkj `urrjitcy f`tevj drh hd`uajit.@di!rdc7ajiu -dEj*8d`ftjh ei tkj uppjr-cjgt `drijr dg tkj s`rjji= tkjy `ditrdc tkj se!j fih pdsetedi dg tkjfppce`ftedi weihdw (uppjr ld&) fih hd`uajit weihdw (cdwjr ld&).Xe!cj -fr 

Page 63: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 63/155

8d`ftjh ft tkj tdp dg tkj s`rjji= et hespcfys tkj ifaj dg tkj fppce`ftedi (<e`rdsdgt drh)fih tkj f`tevj hd`uajit (d`uajit ? ei tkes `fsj).AfEeaeOj\j*!drj -u!!di*8d`ftjh ei tkj uppjr renkt `drijr dg tkj s`rjji= tkjy `ditrdc tkj se!j dg tkj fppce`ftediweihdw (uppjr ld&) fih hd`uajit weihdw (cdwjr ld&).

AeieaeOj -u!!di8d`ftjh td tkj cjgt dg tkj fppce`ftedi af&eae!j4+jstdrj luttdi= et rjhu`js tkj fppce`ftediweihdw td fi e`di.Ajiu -fr 8d`ftjh ljcdw tkj tetcj lfr= et cests tkj drh ajiu dptedis.%!fihfrh !ddc-fr 8d`ftjh ljcdw tkj ajiu lfr= et prdvehjs que`o f``jss td drh;s adst grjqujitcy usjh`daafihs fih utecetejs.0draf!!ein !ddc-fr 8d`ftjh ljcdw tkj *tfihfrh tddclfr= et prdvehjs que`o f``jss td drh;s adst grjqujitcyusjh gdrafttein `daafihs.

\ucjr 8d`ftjh ljcdw tkj gdrafttein tddclfr= et prdvehjs dindein pfnj ajfsurjajit fs wjcc fsque`o f``jss td afrneis tfls fih eihjits.%`rdcc -fr*8d`ftjh fcdin tkj renkt sehj fih ldttda dg tkj hd`uajit weihdw= tkjy frj usjh tdhespcfy heggjrjit frjfs dg tkj f`tevj hd`uajit (jf`k s`rdcc lfr `ditfeis f pfer dgherj`tedifc s`rdcc frrdws).8ej+ -u!!di*8d`ftjh td tkj cjgt dg tkj kdre!ditfc s`rdcc lfr= tkjy frj usjh td `kfinj tkj hd`uajithespcfy td #drafc vejw (cjgtadst luttdi) pfnj 8fydut vejw (aehhcj luttdi) fih utceijvejw (renktadst luttdi).%!f!u* -fr 8d`ftjh fcdin tkj ldttda dg tkj s`rjji= et hespcfys f vfrejty dg eigdraftedi rjcftein tdtkjf`tevj hd`uajit.Z*ein !j Ajiu -fr !d e**uj `daafih*Xd pjrgdra f wdrh prd`jssein tfso.(su`k fs `rjftein f hd`uajit rjtrejvein f hd`uajitgrda heso gdrafttein tjst preitein f hd`uajit fih sd di) ydu aust essuj tkjfpprdpreftj drh `daafih. du `fi hd tkes ly/ 5sein tkj adusj td `kddsj tkj `daafih grda tkj ajiu lfr./ 5sein tkj adusj td `kddsj tkj `daafih grda dij dg tkj tddclfrs dr tkj rucjr./ 5sein tkj adusj td `kddsj tkj `daafih grda f skdrt`ut ajiu./ 5sein tkj ojyldfrh td jitjr f ojyldfrh skdrt`ut.>dr j&fapcj td etfce`e!j tj&t ydu sjcj`t tkj tj&t fih tkji ydu `duch/ 5sj tkj adusj td `kddsj tkj gdit `daafih grda tkj >draft dptedi ei tkj ajiu lfrfih tkji sjcj`t tkj Etfce` dptedi.r / 5sj tkj adusj td `ce`o di tkj Etfce` luttdi di tkj gdrafttein tddclfr.r / 5sj tkj adusj td `kddsj tkj gdit `daafih grda tkj skdrt`ut ajiu fih tkji sjcj`ttkj Etfce` dptedi.

Page 64: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 64/155

r / 5sj tkj ojyldfrh td jitjr %trcSE (prjss fih kdch tkj %trc ojy prjss tkj EGjy fih tkjirjcjfsj ldtk ojys) tkj ojyldfrh skdrt`ut gdr etfce`e!ein tj&t."cjfsj hd idt pjrgdra fiy dg tkjsj f`tedis idw.Xkj ajiu lfr es tkj dicy ajtkdh tkft fccdws ydu td essuj jvjry fvfecflcj drh

`daafih. Xkj tddclfrs fih tkj rucjr prdvehj f sulsjt dg drh;s adst grjqujitcy usjh`daafihs fs hd tkj skdrt`ut ajius fih tkj ojyldfrh. >dr tkes rjfsdi wj;cc ljnei dur j&pcdrftedi dg `daafihs ly usein tkj ajiu lfr fpprdf`k.Xj Lf*e`* dg Ji!jrein XjE!drh es f 6U%&6UN (6f!7du7*jj7&*7+f! du Nj!" prdnrfa= tkft es tkjs`rjji skdws ydu (adrj dr cjss) j&f`tcy kdw ydur hd`uajit wecc cddo wkji ydu preit et.*E, prdnrfas frj idt sulj`t td tkj fr`fij `dhjs fih eif``urftj pfnj cfydutstkft pcfnuj idi *E, prdnrfas. drh;s W*E,ijss^ ji`durfnjs ydu tdwdro ei f Wvesufc-eituetevj^ stycj ei wke`k ydu trjft tkj wdrh prd`jssdr fs f `daputjre!jhj&tjisedi dg f typjwretjr.Xj XjE! Frjf

kji ydu stfrt drh f ijw hd`uajit weihdw futdafte`fccy dpjis prdvehein ydu wetkf lcfio tj&t frjf ei wke`k ydu `fi typj ydur hjserjh tj&t drh futdafte`fccy sjcj`ts fwkdcj cdtdg `rete`fc hd`uajit sjtteins ei`cuhein afrneis gdit fih gdit se!j ceij spf`eintfl stdps pfnj heajisedis fih afiy dtkjr hd`uajit fttrelutjs. $j`fusj drhprjsjcj`ts tkjsj sjtteins \ wke`k frj `fccjh hjgfucts\ydu `fi stfrt td typjeaajheftjcy wetkdut gerst kfvein td spj`egy fiy dg tkj sjtteins ydursjcg.Xkj `kfrf`tjrs ydu typj frj eisjrtjh ei grdit dgf lceioein vjrte`fc lfr `fccjh tkj eisjrtedipdeit. Xd advj tkj eisjrtedi pdeit \ fih tkus `kfinj wkjrj ydur typein fppjfrs ei tkjhd`uajit\ ydu seapcy advj tkj adusj pdeitjr fih `ce`o ft tkj hjserjh ijw pcf`j eitkj tj&t.6drh 6rfp fih !j Ji!jr .jXkj Jitjr ojy di ydur ojyldfrh es seaecfr td \ lut idt j&f`tcy tkj sfaj fs \ tkj+jturi ojy di f typjwretjr. i f typjwretjr ydu ijjh td ket tkj +jturi ojy wkjijvjrydu wfit td jih f ceij. Ei drh wkji f wdrh hdjs idt get di f ceij et futdafte`fccy gcdwstd tkj ljneiiein dg tkj ij&t ceij. Xkes gjfturj es `fccjh wdrh-wrfp. 6dwjvjr ydu hdijjh d prjss Jitjr td/ Jih f skdrt ceij (dij hdjsi;t rjf`k tkj renkt afrnei)./ Jih f pfrfnrfpk./ %rjftj f lcfio ceij#diprei!ein @frf`!jr*du `kddsj td kfvj drh hespcfy f iualjr dg spj`efc `kfrf`tjrs di tkj s`rjji tkftskdw tkj pcf`js ei tkj tj&t wkjrj ydu prjssjh tkj spf`jlfr dr tkj Jitjr fih Xfl ojys.Xkjsj idipreitein `kfrf`tjrs (sd `fccjh lj`fusj tkjy hd idt fppjfr di pfpjr wkji ydupreit tkj hd`uajit) frj dgtji usjguc td sjj. Xkes es pfrte`ucfrcy truj wkji ydu frjwdroein wetk kjfvecy gdrafttjh hd`uajits fih ijjh td ojjp trf`o dg ydur tfls spf`jslcfio ceijs fih sd di.Z*ein !j Lf`.*pf`j $j !d Hjcj!j XjE!du `fi usj tkj $f`ospf`j ojy td hjcjtj tj&t dij `kfrf`tjr ft f teaj. *eapcy prjss$f`ospf`j td hjcjtj tkj seincj `kfrf`tjr eaajheftjcy td tkj cjgt dg tkj eisjrtedi pdeit.Jhe!ein f hd`uaji!

Page 65: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 65/155

 's ajitedijh ei tkj eitrdhu`tedi td tkes `kfptjr dij dg tkj strdinjst frnuajits gdrswet`kein grda f typjwretjr td f wdrh prd`jssdr es tkj nrjftcy ei`rjfsj jfsj dg jheteinydur hd`uajits. Ei tkj teaj et wduch tfoj ydu ust td pji`ec ydur hjserjs `kfinjs td ftypjwrettji hd`uajit (wetkdut f`tufccy rjtypein et) ydu `duch ei`drpdrftj tkjsj `kfinjseitd f wdrh-prd`jssjh hd`uajit preit et dut fih sfvj et di f kfrh dr gcdppy heso gdr

guturj rjvesedi.$y hjgfuct drh ruis ei eisjrt adhj= fs ydu typj tj&t td tkj renkt dg tkj eisjrtedi pdeites puskjh gurtkjr td tkj renkt td afoj rdda gdr ydur ijw tj&t. Xd eisjrt tj&t ei fhd`uajit pjrgdra tkjsj twd stjps/ "cf`j tkj eisjrtedi pdeit (usj tkj adusj td pdsetedi tkj E-ljfa fih `ce`o) wkjrj yduwfit td eisjrt ydur ijw tj&t./ Xypj tkj ijw tj&t.%jcj`!ein XjE!

 't teajs ydu;cc geih et adrj `divjiejit td wdro wetk f lcd`o dg tj&t tkfi wetk f `kfrf`tjr.>dr j&fapcj eg ydu ijjhjh td uihjrceij f sjitji`j ei f pfrfnrfpk ydu wduch idt wfittd uihjrceij jf`k `kfrf`tjr sjpfrftjcy (f auctestjp tjhedus tfso)= rftkjr ydu wduch

wfit td uihjrceij tkj jiterj sjitji`j ft di`j (f seincj-stjp strfenktgdrwfrh tfso.)Xd wdro wetk tkj lcd`o dg tj&t ydu aust gerst sjcj`t et.Hjcj!ein XjE!

 's ydu oidw $f`ospf`j hjcjtjs tkj `kfrf`tjrs td tkj cjgt tkj eisjrtedi pdeit. FXd hjcjtjtkj `kfrf`tjr eaajheftjcy td tkj renkt dg tkj eisjrtedi pdeit prjss tkj jcjtj ojy (di tkj`ursdr- advjajit ojypfh dg fi jikfi`jh ojyldfrh) dr tkj jc ojy (di tkj iuajre`ojypfh).Eg ydu usj tkj jc ojy di tkj iuajre` ojypfh afoj surj tkft #ua 8d`o es dgg (Xd turi#ua 8d`o di4dgg prjss tkj #ua 8d`o ojy.) Eg #ua 8d`o es di jc gui`tedis fs fhj`eafc pdeit ojy= wkji ydu prjss et drh hespcfys f pjredh (.) di tkj s`rjji eistjfh dg pjrgdraein tkj hjcjtedi.\jpcf`ein XjE!du fcrjfhy cjfrijh kdw td eisjrt ijw tj&t wetkei hd`uajit. 't teajs kdwjvjr yduafy wfit td rjpcf`j j&estein tj&t wetk ijw tj&t. >dr j&fapcj ydu afy wfit td rjpcf`jtkj stfihfrh cjttjr sfcutftedi jfr ser dr jfr <fhfa wetk Xd wkda sd jvjr et afy`di`jri. ij wfy ydu `fi hd tkes es ly eisjrtein tkj ijw tj&t fih tkji hjcjtein tkj dchtj&t. Xkes kdwjvjr hdulcjs ydur wdro fih `fi nrdw vjry terjsdaj pfrte`ucfrcy wkjiydu frj rjpcf`ein afiy lcd`os dg tj&t. >drtuiftjcy drh prdvehjs f adrj `divjiejitsdcutedi.Xd rjpcf`j j&estein tj&t wetk ijw tj&t/ *jcj`t tkj tj&t td lj rjpcf`jh./ Xypj tkj ijw tj&t.>dr tkes td wdro ydur Jhetein dptedi dg Xypein +jpcf`js *jcj`tedi skduch lj `kj`ojh(sjcj`tjh).$jgdrj ydu sfvj et f hd`uajit j&ests dicy ei `daputjr ajadry f tjapdrfry stdrfnjfrjf. >dr pjrafijit stdrfnj ydu aust kfvj tkj hd`uajit fs f gecj di f kfrh dr gcdppyheso. drh prdvehjs twd `daafihs ydu `fi usj td sfvj ydur hd`uajits >ecj *fvj 'sfih >ecj *fvj. 8jt;s j&pcdrj tkj heggjrji`js ljtwjji tkjsj `daafihs.Xj gecj> %f)j F* @daafihdu usj tkj >ecj *fvj 's `daafih td sfvj f hd`uajit gdr tkj gerst teaj td sfvj f

Page 66: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 66/155

hd`uajit wetk f ijw ifaj dr td sfvj f hd`uajit ei f heggjrjit cd`ftedi (di fidtkjrheso dr ei fidtkjr herj`tdry)Xd sfvj fi uisfvjh hd`uajit usein gecj sfvj fs%kddsj >ecj sfvj fs (tkft es `kddsj tkj sfvj fs `daafih grda tkj gecj ajiu) td dpjitkj sfvj fs hefcdn ld&.

Ei tkj hrevjs fih herj`tdrejs cest ld&js= sjcj`t tkj cd`ftedi (hrevj fih herj`tdry) ei wke`kydu wesk td sfvj tkj hd`uajit eg tkes cd`ftedi es idt fcrjfhy sjcj`tjh.Ei tkj gecj ifaj tj&tld& typj tkj ifaj dg tkj gecj.%ce`o di GEg tkj suaafry eigd hefcdn ld& fppjfrs gecc et ei (eg hjserjh) fih tkji `ce`o di G.lsjrvj tkj futdafte` sfvj jvjry aeiutj;s dptedi. Eg tkes dptedi es ui`kj`ojh(turijh dgg) \tkft es eg tkj squfrj ld& prj`jhein futdafte` es japty- `kj`o et (turi et di)ly `ce`oein di tkj squfrj ld& td gecc et wetk fi ].Eg tkj rj`tfinucfr ld& ljtwjji jvjry fih aeiutjs hdjs idt `ditfei tkj vfcuj ?3 sjcj`tets`urrjit vfcuj (ly hrfnnein dvjr et) fih tkji typj ?3.dur dptedi skduch idw rjfh futdafte` sfvj jvjry tji aeiutjs. Xkes ajfis tkft wdrh

wecc futdafte`fccy sfvj fcc ydur f`tevj hd`uajits jvjry tji aeiutjs.%ce`o di G td `cdsj tkj dptedis hefcdn ld&.#faein f Hd`uaji!kji ydu sfvj f hd`uajit gdr tkj gerst teaj ydu aust ifaj et. >dccdw tkjsj nuehjceijswkji ifaein hd`uajits

 ' gecj ifaj `fi `ditfei grda dij td jenkt cjttjrs iualjrs dr tkj gdccdwein spj`efc`kfrf`tjrsZ[() -

 ' gecj ifaj `fiidt `ditfei spf`js ' gecj ifaj skduch lj hjs`reptevj sd tkft ydu `fi rjajaljr tkj gecjs `ditjits (gdrj&fapcj M'#+J"X rftkjr tkfi ]ce H-').@cd*ein f Hd`uaji!kji ydu frj geieskjh wdroein wetk f hd`uajit - tkft es fgtjr ydu kfvj `dapcjtjh fihsfvjh et \ ydu skduch `cdsj tkj hd`uajit weihdw. Xd hd tkes `kddsj >ecj %cdsj (drhdulcj- `ce`o di tkj hd`uajit weihdw %trc-ajiu ld&).@rjf!ein f #j+ Hd`uaji!

 'gtjr ydu kfvj `cdsjh tkj f`tevj hd`uajit ydu frj rjfhy\eg ydu `kddsj \ td `rjftj fijw hd`uajit. Xd hd tkes%kddsj gecj #jw%ce`o di Gdrh wecc dpji f ijw lcfio hd`uajit weihdw. 8jt;s `rjftj f ijw hd`uajit fih tkjisfvj etdulcj-`ce`o di tkj hd`uajit weihdw %X+8-ajiu ld& (tkj cdwjr dg tkj twd ld&js eitkj uppjr cjgt `drijr dg tkj s`rjji) td `cdsj tkj hd`uajit. d idt hdulcj-`ce`o di tkjfppce`ftedi weihdw %X+8- ajiu ld& (tkj uppjr dg tkj twd ld&js) fs tkes wduch `fusjydu td j&et wdrh. du `fi `kddsj gecj `cdsj dr ydu `fi hdulcj-`ce`o di tkj %X+8 \ajiu ld& td `cdsj f hd`uajit weihdw.JEe!ein 6drhdur geifc stjp dg jvjry wdrh sj`tedi es td j&et wdrh. #jvjr turi dg ydur `daputjr ljgdrjhdein sd fs tkes `duch rjsuct ei tkj cdss dg dij dr adrj hd`uajit fih pdsselcy `drruptweihdws. Xd j&et drh fih rjturi td eihdws `kddsj >ecj J&et.

Page 67: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 67/155

 's f sfgjnufrh eg ydu kfvj idt sfvjh tkj cftjst vjrsedi dg fi f`tevj hd`uajit drhwecc prdapt ydu td hd sd ljgdrj j&etein.#f)enf!ein ei +drh#fvenftj ly usein kypjrceioskji f drh pulce`ftedi dr jl pfnj `ditfeis kypjrceios td dtkjr cd`ftedis \ gdr

j&fapcj td cd`ftedis ei tkj sfaj gecj dr td gecjs di tkj ijtwdro dr tkj Eitjrijt \ ydu`fi advj td tkjsj cd`ftedis ly `ce`oein tkj kypjrceio hespcfy tj&t dr eafnj. kji ydu"deit td tkj hespcfy tj&t dg f kypjrceio tkj pdeitjr lj`dajs f kfihEi f gecj dr jl pfnj tkft `ditfeis kypjrceios `ce`o tkj hespcfy tj&t dr eafnj dg fkypjrceio.%dr!`u! .j*%trc S Xdnncjs Lpts dg spf`ein ljgdrj f pfrfnrfpk.%trc S ' *jcj`t fcc `ditjits dg tkj pfnj.%trc S $ $dch kenkcenktjh sjcj`tedi.%trc S % %dpy sjcj`tjh tj&t.%trc S pji tkj gdit prjgjrji`js weihdw.

%trc S J 'cenis tkj ceij dr sjcj`tjh tj&t td tkj `jitjr dg tkj s`rjji.%trc S > pji geih ld&.%trc S E Etfce` kenkcenktjh sjcj`tedi.%trc S M 'cenis tkj sjcj`tjh tj&t dr ceij td ustegy tkj s`rjji.%trc S G Eisjrt ceio.%trc S 8 'cenis tkj ceij dr sjcj`tjh tj&t td tkj cjgt dg tkj s`rjji.%trc S < Eihjit tkj pfrfnrfpk.%trc S " pji tkj preit weihdw.%trc S + 'cenis tkj ceij dr sjcj`tjh tj&t td tkj renkt dg tkj s`rjji.%trc S * *fvj tkj dpji hd`uajit. Must ceoj *kegt S >?1%trc S X %rjftj f kfinein eihjit.%trc S 5 5ihjrceij tkj sjcj`tjh tj&t.%trc S 0 "fstj.%trc S ] %ut sjcj`tjh tj&t.%trc S +jhd tkj cfst f`tedi pjrgdrajh.%trc S I 5ihd cfst f`tedi.%trc S *kegt S 8 @ue`ocy `rjftj f luccjt pdeit.%trc S *kegt S > %kfinj tkj gdit.%trc S *kegt Sb Ei`rjfsj sjcj`tjh gdit S ?pts up td ?1pt fih tkji ei`rjfsj gdit S1pts.%trc S Ei`rjfsj sjcj`tjh gdit td ?pts.%trc S *kegt S T j`rjfsj sjcj`tjh gdit - ?pts eg ?1pt dr cdwjr= eg fldvj ?1 hj`rjfsjsgdit ly S1pt.%trc S m j`rjfsj sjcj`tjh gdit - ?pts.(l) *yitf& jrrdr (h) %dapecjr jrrdr%trc S E S ` Eisjrt f `jit seni (:).%trc S *kegt S _ 0ejw dr kehj idi preitein `kfrf`tjrs.%trc S Tcjgt frrdwb <dvjs dij wdrh td tkj cjgt.%trc S Trenkt frrdwb <dvjs dij wdrh td tkj renkt.%trc S Tup frrdwb <dvjs td tkj ljneiiein dg tkj ceij dr pfrfnrfpk.%trc S Thdwi frrdwb <dvjs td tkj jih hg tkj pfrfnrfpk.

Page 68: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 68/155

%trc S jc jcjtjs wdrh td renkt dg `ursdr.%trc S $f`ospf`j jcjtjs wdrh td cjgt dg `ursdr.%trc S Jih <dvjs tkj `ursdr td tkj jih dg tkj hd`uajit.%trc S 6daj <dvjs tkj `ursdr td tkj ljneiiein dg tkj hd`uajit.%trc S *pf`jlfr +jsjt kenkcenktjh tj&t td tkj hjgfuct gdit.

%trc S ? *eincj-spf`j ceijs.%trc S 1 dulcj-spf`j ceijs.%trc S 7 ?.7-ceij spf`ein.%trc S 'ct S ? %kfinjs tj&t td kjfhein ?.%trc S 'ct S 1 %kfinjs tj&t td kjfhein 1.%trc 'ct S 9 %kfinjs tj&t td kjfhein 9.

 'ct S %trc S >1 pji ijw hd`uajit.%trc S >? pji tkj Xfso "fij.%trc S >1 espcfy tkj preit prjvejw.%trc S *kegt Sb Ei`rjfsjs tkj sjcj`tjh tj&t se!j ly dij.%trc *kegt S T j`rjfsjs tkj sjcj`tjh tj&t se!j ly dij.

%trc S *kegt S >L *wet`kjs td fidtkjr dpji <e`rdsdgt drh hd`uajit.%trc *kegt S>?1 "reits tkj hd`uajit.>? pji 6jcp.>: +jpjft tkj cfst f`tedi pjrgdrajh>7 pji tkj >eih +jpcf`j fih ,d Xd weihdw ei <e`rdsdgt drh.>H *pjcc `kj`o fih nrfaafr `kj`o sjcj`tjh tj&t dg hd`uajit.>?1 *fvj 's.*kegt S >9%kfinj tkj tj&t ei <e`rdsdgt drh grda uppjr`fsj td cdwjr`fsj dr f `fpetfccjttjr ft tkj ljneiiein dg jvjry wdrh.*kegt S >H +uis f Xkjsfurus `kj`o di tkj sjcj`tjh wdrh.*kegt S >?1 *fvj tkj dpji hd`uajit. Must ceoj %trc S *.*kegt S Jitjr %rjftj f sdgt lrjfo eistjfh dg f ijw pfrfnrfpk.*kegt S Eisjrt "fstj.$j `da-eif!edi* u*jh gdr geih fih geih ijE!

 'is. %trc S > fih >9Gjy `daleiftedis usjh gdr +jpcf`ein.

 'is. %trc S 6*kdrt `ut ojys usjh gdr F,d td;

 'is. %trc S ,Gjy `daleiftedis usjh gdr Wsjcj`t fcc^ tj&t.

 'is. %trc S'Gjy `daleiftedis usjh gdr eisjrtein Fteaj4ftj^.

 'is. >7Gjy `daleiftedis usjh gdr Fkjcp; ajiu.

 'is. >?Gjy `daleiftedis usjh td nd td gecj ajiu.

 'is. >?3

DLIJ@X&8J XURJ ZJ%X&D#% D# A% 6D\H3?. kft es <* drh

Page 69: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 69/155

 'is. drh "rd`jssein *dgtwfrj31. kft tddc wdros ljst gdr drh "rd`jssein

 'is. %daputjr 39.ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein `dapfiejs hjvjcdpjh <* gge`j 1333

 'is. <e`rdsdgt

3:. <*- drh fccdws `rjftedi dg ----- typj dg hd`uajits ly hjgfuct. 'is. .%37. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein es tkj wdrh prd`jssdr ei <* gge`j

 'is. drh3L. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein es idt f pfrt dg f stfihfrh dgge`j suet

 'is. >ecj <fifnjr3H. kft wdrh es usjh hjs`relj tkj f`t dg `drrj`tein sdajtkein

 'is. Jhet3A. utcddo J&prjss es f ..

 'is. (f) j-afec `cejit (l) *`kjhucjr (` ) 'hhrjss $ddo (h) 'cc tkjsj3C. kft prdnrfa es usjh ei <*-drh td `kj`o tkj spjcceins

 'is. *pjcc`kj`o?3. 'i fieaftjh `kfrf`tjr tkft nevj kjcp ei <*-gge`j es. 'is. gge`j 'ssestfit??. ke`k dg tkj prdnrfa es idt f spj`efc prdnrfa ei <*-gge`j

 'is. (f) gge`j 'rt (l) %cep 'rt (` ) drh 'rt (h) "feit 'rt?1. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein frj vfceh aeieaua fih af&eaua !dda se!js ei <*-gge`j

 'is. ?3 733?9. ke`k eiput hjve`j `fiidt lj usjh td wdro ei <*-gge`j

 'is. Mdyste`o?:. ke`k ojy skduch lj prjssjh td stfrt f ijw pfrfnrfpk ei <*-drh

 'is. Jitjr ojy?7. <*-gge`j prdvehjs kjcp ei afiy wfys. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein frj adrj `cdsj td tkjfiswjrs

 'is. (f) kft;s tkes (l) gge`j 'ssestfit (` ) 6jcp <jiu (h) 'cc tkjsj?L. ke`k dg tkjsj tddclfrs fccdws %kfinein gdits fih tkjer se!js

 'is. >draft?H. ke`k lfr es usufccy cd`ftjh ljcdw tkj Xetcj lfr tkft prdvehjs `ftjndre!jh dptedis

 'is. <jiu $fr ?A. kft dptedi wecc lj usjh td `kfinj tkj wdrh grda Ftcc; td Ftfcc;

 'is. Eisjrt?C. kft skduch lj hdij td `kfinj tkj wdrh grda Foeec; td Foecc;

 'is. Xypj dvjr 13. kft dptedi es usjh td f pfrfnrfpk ft fidtkjr pcf`j wetkdut rjadvein et grda tkjgerst pcf`j

 'is. %dpy-"fstj1?. kft dptedi es usjh td f pfrfnrfpk ft fidtkjr pcf`j fgtjr rjadvein et grda tkj gerstpcf`j

 'is. %ut-"fstj11. Xd stfih dut f wdrh wkft dptedi `fi lj usjh

 'is. $dch

Page 70: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 70/155

19. kft hdjs FF%trc S '^ rjsuct ei f tj&t 'is. *jcj`t fcc tj&t1:. ke`k dptedi afy lj usjh td `kfinj pfnj se!j fih afrneis

 'is. "fnj sjtup17. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein es idt f stfihfrh <*-gge`j jhetedi

 'is. 'hvfi`jh1L. ke`k dptedi ei gecj pucc hdwi ajiu es usjh td `cdsj f gecj ei <*-drh 'is. %cdsj1H. ke`k typj dg gecjs `fiidt lj ifvenftjh usein %cep-'rt lrdwsjr

 'is. <"91A. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein es tkj cftjst vjrsedi dg <*-wdrh

 'is. drh-]"1C. kft skdrt `ut ojys frj td lj prjssjh td `dpy f sjcj`tjh tj&t

 'is. %trc S %93. Xd afoj f sjcj`tjh wdrh hestei`t fih ldch wke`k ojys frj td lj prjssjh

 'is. %trc S $

9?. ' cjttjr ajad rjpdrt dr dtkjr gecjs prjpfrjh ly <e`rdsdgt drh es `fccjh f . 'is. d`uajit91. Xkj `ditjits dg f `cep ldfrh rjafeis tkj sfaj uitec

 'is. (f) ydu `dpy dtkjr tj&t (l) ydu `ut fidtkjr tj&t (`) ydu skut hdwi tkj `daputjr(h) 'cc tkjsj99. Eg ydu `ce`o di tkj uihd luttdi

 'is. Et wecc rjadvj tkj ijw tj&t fih rjstdrj tkj dreneifc tj&t lf`o td ydur hd`uajit.9:. <f`rds frj futdafte`fccy sjt td usj

 'is. +jcftevj rjgjrji`js97. 5sein <e`rdsdgt drh;s >eih fih +jpcf`j gjfturj ydu `fi

 'is. +jpcf`j tj&t dicy9L. ,rfpke`s es eisjrtjh ei

 'is. (f) $] (l) "fnj (`) >rfaj (h) 'cc tkj fldvj9H. ' nrfpke` ei f drh hd`uajit `fi lj

 'is. *e!jh usein fiy dg tkj se!ein kfihcjs9A. Xkj lfr ft tkj tdp dg tkj weihdw tkft ljfrs tkj ifaj dg tkj weihdw es oidwi fs

 'is. Xetcj $fr 9C. #faj dg ijwcy `rjftjh wdrh hd`uajit es

 'is. d`uajit:3. Xd `ut tkj sjcj`tjh tj&t tkjsj ojys frj td lj prjssjh..

 'is. %trc S ]:?. Ei <*-drh grfaj `fi ei`cuhj 'is. (f) ,rfpke`s (l) Xj&t (`) Xflcjs (h) 'cc tkj fldvj:1. Xd sjcj`t f sjitji`j ei <* drh prjss tkes ojy fih `ce`o fiywkjrj ei tkjsjitji`j. Xkes ojy es ..

 'is. *kegt:9. Ei <* drh +X> stfihs gdr 

 'is. +e`k Xj&t >draft::. ke`k tddc lfr ei <* drh fccdws ydu td herj`tcy f``jss Eitjrijt wkecj wdroein ei fdrh hd`uajit

Page 71: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 71/155

 'is. jl Xddc $fr :7. Ei drhjr td Etfce`e!j f sjcj`tjh tj&t wke`k dg tkj gdccdwein ojys frj usjh

 'is. %trc S E:L. Ei drhjr td uihjrceij f sjcj`tjh tj&t wke`k dg tkj gdccdwein ojys frj usjh

 'is. %trc S 5

:H. i kdw afiy hd`uajits ydu `fi wdro seauctfijduscy ei <* drh  'is. (f) dij (l) Xwd (`) 'iy iualjr (h) #dij dg tkj fldvj:A. 5sjr `fi usj ..luttdi td `fi`jc tkj cfst jhetein.

 'is. 5ihd:C.#jw sjcj`tjh gdit es fppcejh td

 'is. *jcj`tjh tj&t73.5sfnj dg 'utd `drrj`t fih 'utd Xj&t es rjstre`tjh

 'is. Xd fcc tkj dpjijh hd`uajits7?. Ei tkj afec ajrnj dptedi tkj usjr

 'is. %fi `rjftj f ijw dr usj fi j&estein fhhrjss cest71. drh futdafte`fccy `kfinjs tkj gdit `dcdur dg tkjsj..

 'is. J-afec fhhrjss wjl fhhrjss79. Ei f pfnj afrneis  'is. eggjrjit sj`tedi `fi kfvj heggjrjit afrneis.7:. kft frj tkj typjs dg gddtjrs ei <* drh

 'is. icy twd typjs dg gddtjrs dij gdr jvji pfnj fih fidtkjr gdr dhh pfnj77. 'utd tj&t `fi lj usjh td eisjrt . Ei hd`uajit.

 'is. Xj&t ,rfpke`s7L. kji jaljhhein fi dlj`t eitd f hd`uajit dij dg tkj gdccdwein d``urs

 'is. Jaljhhjh hd`uajit lj`dajs f pfrt dg tkj hd`uajit7H. kft `fi lj pfstjh grda tkj `cepldfrh

 'is. kdcj dg tkj `ditjits dg `cepldfrh `fi lj pfstjh7A. <f`rds stdrjh ei tkj ncdlfc af`rd skjjt `fi lj usjh..

 'is. Ei fiy hd`uajit7C. Xflcj dg `ditjits `fi lj prjpfrjh ly usein

 'is. 6jfheins fs 6? 61 69 fih adrj ei tkj hd`uajitL3. ' afdr stjp ljgdrj afoein preit dg tkj hd`uajit es..

 'is. (f) td sjt pfpjr sjtteins (l) td sjj preit vejw dg tkj hd`uajit (`) ldtk (f) fih (l)L?. du spj`egy tkj sfvj hjtfecs dg ydur gecj ei tkj

 'is. Wsfvj fs f gecj^ hefcdn $d&.L1. Xkj stjps eivdcvjh td dpji f hd`uajit frj

 'is. *jcj`t tkj hd`uajit td dpji grda tkj gecj hdwi ajiuL9. drh dggjrs `jrtfei wfys ei wke`k usjr `fi advj frduih ei f hd`uajit

 'is. (f) ly s`rdccein (l) ly advein td spj`ege` pfnj (`) herj`tcy td gerst fih cfst pfnjs (h) 'cc tkj fldvjL:. Ei tkj spcet weihdw adhj dij tetcj lfr cddos hfrojr tkfi tkj dtkjr lj`fusj

 'is. frojr tetcj lfr skdws tkj f`tevj weihdwL7. *dgt pfnj lrjfos

 'is. 'rj eisjrtjh ly wdrh futdafte`fccy ft tkj jih dg tkj pfnjLL. "frfnrfpk afros skdws

 'is. Xkft Fjitjr; ojy es prjssjh ft tkft pdeit td afro tkj jih dg tkj pfrfnrfpk

Page 72: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 72/155

LH. *jcj`tedi dg tj&t `fi lj grda 'is. (f) seincj wdrh dr ceij (l) f pfrfnrfpk (`) `dapcjtj hd`uajit (h) 'cc tkj fldvjLA. #jw weihdw `daafih grda tkj weihdw ajiu wecc

 'is. pjis f ijw weihdw tkft hespcfys tkj sfaj hd`uajit (dij wke`k es fcrjfhydpjijh)

LC. #jw `rjftjh jitrejs gdr 'utd tj&t fih futd `drrj`t jitrejs tkjy frj stdrjh eitjapcftj hd`uajit ifajh fs 'is. #drafcH3. %ditj&t-sjisetevj hrfn- fih -hrdp jhetein `fi lj f`tevftjh

 'is. etk tkj safrt `ut-fih-pfstj gjfturjH?. kji ydu advj tkj adusj tdwfrhs tkj cjgt sehj dg tkj weihdw et `kfinjs grda fiE-ljfa td f renkt pdeitein frrdw. Xkes pdeitein frjf es rjgjrrjh td fs

 'is. *jcj`tedi lfrH1. sfvj fs hefcdn `fi lj usjh

 'is. (f) gdr sfvein tkj gecj gdr tkj gerst teaj (l) td sfvj gecj ly sdaj fctjriftevj ifaj (`)td sfvj gecj ei gdraft dtkjr tkfi drh (h) 'iy dg tkj fldvj

H9. kji usjr pcf`j tkj adusj pdeitjr di fiy dg tkj luttdis fih idt `ce`o tkja fgtjrgjw sj`dihs f tj&t fppjfrs ft tkj ldttda dg tkj pdeitjr. Et es `fccjh 'is. Xddc Xep Xj&tH:. +jpcf`j dptedi es fvfecflcj di

 'is. Jhet <jiuH7. '`tevftein tkj spjccein fih ,rfaafr `kj`ojr 

 'is. (f) et hespcfys tkj aesspjccjh wdrhs ei f hefcdn ld& (l) kenkcenkts tkj aesspjccjhwdrhs ei tkj hd`uajit (`) fccdw usjr td jetkjr `drrj`t tkj aesspjcc afiufccy dr `drrj`ttkj spjccein grda f cest (h) 'cc tkj fldvjHL. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein es `drrj`t

 'is. (f) 6jfhjrs frj preitjh di tkj tdp dg afrnei fih gddtjrs frj preitjh ft tkj ldttdadg tkj afrneis (l) 6jfhjrs fih gddtjrs idrafccy `frry eigdraftedi ceoj pfnj iualjrfutkdr ifaj hftjs `dapfiy ifaj jt`. (`) #d 6jfhjrs fih gddtjrs frj rjquerjh ei fseincj pfnj hd`uajit (h) 'cc tkj fldvjHH. drh fppjfrs wetk f wfvy rjh uihjrceij seniegejs

 'is. drh es uiflcj td rj`dnie!j tkdsj spjcceins.HA. Xflcj ei drh es f nreh dg rdws fih `dcuais wetk jf`k `jcc `fi kfvj

 'is. Xj&t dr nrfpke`sHC. $drhjrs frj usjh wkjrj usjr weskjs

 'is. 'is. (f) td fhh japkfses td pfrte`ucfr pfrfnrfpk (l) td skdw pfrfnrfpk ei f ld& (`)td surrduih tkj pfrfnrfpk wetk heggjrjit stycj ld&js (h) 'cc tkj fldvjA3. +jhd luttdi es usjh td

 'is. +jvjrsj fi uihd f`tediA?. Xd sjcj`t f ceij

 'is. "dsetedi tkj frrdw pdeitjr ei tkj sjcj`tedi lfr fhf`jit td tkj ceij fih `ce`o tkj cjgtadusj luttdi di`j.A1. Xd sjcj`t f pfrfnrfpk

 'is. "dsetedi tkj frrdw pdeitjr ei tkj sjcj`tedi lfr fhf`jit td tkj gerst ceij fih `ce`o tkjcjgt adusj luttdi twe`j.A9. Xd sjcj`t tkj wkdcj tj&t

Page 73: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 73/155

 'is. "dsetedi tkj frrdw pdeitjr ei tkj sjcj`tedi lfr fhf`jit td tkj gerst ceij fih `ce`o tkjcjgt adusj luttdi tkre`j.A:. i f spcet $d&

 'is. 'is. Xkj pdeitjr `kfinjs td f hdulcj kdre!ditfc lfr wetk up fih hdwi frrdws.A7. drhs `duit gjfturj

 'is. ( f) prdvehjs eigdraftedi fldut tkj iualjr dg wdrhs ei tkj hd`uajit (l) es usjgucwkji tkj cjintk dg tkj hd`uajit es ceaetjh td sdaj iualjr dg wdrhs (`) fcsd hespcfystkj iualjr dg pfnjs kfrf`tjrs pfrfnrfpks fih ceijs ei tkj hd`uajit (h) 'cc tkjfldvjAL. kecj typein ei f pfrfnrfpk tkj usjr 

 'is. "rjss jitjr ojy dicy ft tkj jih dg tkj pfrfnrfpkAH. Gjyldfrh `fi lj turijh eitd J&tjih-*jcj`tedi adhj ly prjssein tkes 'is. >A ojyAA.eggjrji`j ljtwjji 'utd tj&t fih 'utd `drrj`t es

 'is. (f) Ei tkj wfy tkjy frj `rjftjh fih put td usj (l) td eisjrt fi 'utd Xj&t usjr kfvjtd typj gerst gdur cjttjrs fih tkji prjss jitjr ojy wkjrj fs ei tkj `fsj dg 'utd %drrj`t

usjr typj tkj fllrjveftjh ifaj fih tkj adajit usjr prjss spf`j lfr ojy td advj ditkj ij&t wdrh dr typj f pui`tuftedi afro drh futdafte`fccy rjpcf`js tkj ifaj wetkets jitry. (`) ldtk (f) fih (l)AC. drh fccdws usjr td eapdrt nrfpke`s grda

 'is. 0fredus nrfpke`s gdraft ceoj neg lap pin jt`.C3. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein stftjajit es4frj `drrj`t

 'is. (f) drh fccdws usjr td usj gdraucfj `daafih td pjrgdra `fc`ucftedi ei f tflcj (l)*eapcj `fc`ucftedi ei f tflcj frj fhh sul auc hev jt` (`) Q*5<('$0J) gdraucfajfis tkft tkj wdrh `fc`ucftj tkj sua dg tkj vfcujs dg fcc tkj `jccs fldvj tkj `urrjit`jcc (h) fcc tkj fldvjC?. drh hespcfys hdts tkjy rjprjsjit

 'is. *pf`j ljtwjji wdrhsC1 . 5sein "reit dptedi

 'is. (f) jiterj hd`uajit es preitjh (l) dicy `urrjit pfnj es preitjh. (`) fiy iualjr dgpfnjs `fi lj preitjh (h) fcc tkj fldvjC9. drh futdafte`fccy nujssjs `drrj`t spjccein dg eitjccenjit wkji tkj usjr kfs typjhtkj gerst..

 'is. H cjttjrs dg eitjccenjit.C:. <fniegejr luttdi es fvfecflcj di

 'is. "reit "rjvejw tddc lfrC7. >drafttein tddclfr es fppcejh td

 'is. *jcj`t ldtk `kfrf`tjrs fih pfrfnrfpksCL. drh fppjfrs wetk f wfvy nrjji uihjrceij seniegejs

 'is. Xkft tkjrj es sdaj nrfaafte`fc prdlcja ei tkft wdrh dr sjitji`j.CH. ke`k skdrt `ut ajiu `fi lj usjh td `drrj`t spjccein dr nrfaafr

 'is. Xkj ajiu wke`k `dajs wkji usjr renkt `ce`os di tkj wdrh wetk uihjrceij kfs`drrj`t dptedi gdr spjccein dr nrfaafte`fc `kfinjs wetk fi dptedi gdr enidrj fcsd.CA. Ei tkj skfhein ld& tkj usjr sjcj`t 17U td gecc tkj ld& frduih tkj tetcj wetk nrjy`dcdur. 17U ajfis tkft skfhj wecc lj afhj dg

 'is. 17U lcf`o hdts fih H7U wketj hdts

Page 74: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 74/155

CC. 'gtjr eisjrtein f nrfpke` ei tkj hd`uajit f nrfpke` jenkt se!ein kfihcjs fppjfrsfrduih et. Xkes kfihcj `fi lj usjh td..

 'is. %kfinj se!j dg tkj nrfpke` ej. afoj et cfrnjr dr safccjr trea tkj nrfpke` tfoj preitfih se!ein kfihcjs hdjs idt fppjfr.?33. Et es tkj wfy tj&t fppjfr di f pfnj. Et es

 'is. >draft?3?."urpdsj dg Ffrrfinj fcc; dptedi ei eihdw ajiu es td 'is. (f) fceni fcc pfrfnrfpks (l) fceni fcc dpji hd`uajits di s`rjjis gdr jfsyf``jsselecety (`) frrfinj gecjs fcpkfljte`fccy (h) fcc tkj fldvj?31. i sjcj`tein tkj rjpcf`j dptedi grda tkj WJhet^ ajiu tkj hefcdn fppjfrs wetk tkesifaj..

 'is. >eih fih +jpcf`j hefcdn ld&?39. ke`k dij dg tkj gdccdwein es idt pjraettjh wkecj ifaein f hftf sdur`j(f) cjttjrs (l) iualjrs (`) uihjrs`drj `kfrf`tjrs (h) spf`js (j) #dij 'is. (h) spf`js?3:.ke`k gf`ecety wecc kjcp ydu td fhh prj`esedi fih vfrejty td ydur wretein

 'is. Xkjsfurus?37.<e`rdsdgt drh Xkjsfurus prdvehjs.. 'is. *yidiyas fih ft teajs fitdiyas?3L. 6dw wecc Xkjsfurus gf`ecety prdvehj vfrejty td ydur wretein

 'is.ecc prdvehj cest dg rjcftjh wdrhs fih heggjrjit gdras dg tkj sjcj`tjh wdrh.?3H. Xkjrj frj cfrnj iualjr dg tjapcftjs prdvehjh ly tkj <e`rdsdgt drh gdr

 'is. (f) tkjsj tjapcftjs frj gdr njijrftein luseijss hd`uajits (l) tkjy kfvj afiyluect ei gdrafttein gjfturjs (`) fih usjr `fi fhh kes dwi td tkj j&estein cest (h) fcc tkjfldvj?3A. <e`rdsdgt drh fccdws ydu td `rjftj eitjrjstein vesufc jggj`ts ei ydur hd`uajitsu`k fs=

 'is. (f) fccdwein f tj&t td wrfp frduih pe`turj ly surrduihein tkj nrfpke`s wetk fgrfaj.?3C. 'utd get luttdi

 'is. >draft jf`k `dcuai wehtk td lj dicy fs wehj fs tkj tj&t ei tkj cdinjst `jcc ei f`dcuai.??3. Iddi `dald ld& di stfihfrh tddc lfr wecc (f) !dda tkj wkdcj hd`uajit td tkj sjcj`tjh pjr`jit dg tkj dreneifc se!j (l) !dda tkjvejw dg tkj hd`uajit lut preit wecc lj stecc dg tkj dreneifc se!j

 'is. $dtk (f) fih (l)???. 'utd `dapcjtj es f

 'is. Xep tkft kjcps td futdafte`fccy `dapcjtj tkj wdrh dr f tj&t tkj adajit ydu typjgerst gdur cjttjrs.??1. Ei tkj preit prj-vejw eihdw

 'is. (f) 5sjr `fi sjj dvjrfcc fppjfrfi`j dg dij pfnj dr fcc pfnjs. (l) usjr `fi sjjwkjrj tj&t gfccs di f pfnj ljgdrj et `diteiujs di td tkj tj&t pfnj (`) di`j usjrj&faeijs kes4kjr hd`uajit usjr `fi afoj geifc fhustajits td njt cfydut fs pjrrjquerjajits. (fcc tkjsj)

@fp!jr =2

Page 75: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 75/155

A% J'@JC&i!rdhu`!ediEafneij f setuftedi wkjrj tkj hftf pjrtfeiein td f cfrnj sfcjs hjpfrtajit dg f cfrnj`dapfiy kfs td lj stdrjh. Xkes `dapfiy kfs dgge`js ei Eihef 'ajre`f ,jrafiy fih

Jincfih. Ei jf`k `duitry tkjrj frj se& $rfi`k gge`js. >dr j&fapcj ei Eihef tkjrj frjtwd dgge`js ei %kjiife <ualfe fih jcke. Xkjrj frj 9 sfcjs pjrsdis ei jf`k ei 1:lrfi`k dgge`js dg tkj `dapfiy. Xkj hjtfecs tkft frj rjquerjh td lj stdrjh frj?.Xkj pjrsdifc hftf dg sfcjs pjrsdis ei jf`k dg tkj dgge`j ceoj tkj sfcjs pjrsdi;siualjr ifaj fhhrjss hftj dg deiein sfcfry jt`.1. Xkj qufrtjrcy sfcjs luhnjt gdr tkj `dapfiy.9.Xkj wjjocy sfcjs stftus dg tkj lrfi`k dgge`js ei tjras dg sfcjs afhj ei uiets fih tkjtdtfc faduit dg sfcjs afhj.:. @ufrtjr wesj pjrgdrafi`j dg sfcjspjrsdis.Xrfhetedifccy tkjsj hjtfecs wduch kfvj td lj stdrjh ei rjnestjrs dvjr f iualjr dg pfnjs.Ei `ditrfst td tkft f sprjfhskjjt prdnrfa `fi usj ets sprjfhskjjt `dapdijits td stdrj

hftf ei f aftre& dg rdws fih `dcuais sd tkft et `fi lj usjh gdr gurtkjr prd`jssein.>urtkjr tkj hjtfecs stdrjh frj td lj usjh gdr?. 'ifcyses dg luhnjts fih prdj`tein tkj guturj luhnjt lfsjh di tkj j&estein dij eidrhjr td kjcp tkj `dapfiy td af&eae!j prdgets.1. Jvfcuftein tkj pjrgdrafi`j dg jf`k dg tkj lrfi`k dgge`j.9. %fc`ucftein nrfih tdtfcs fih sultdtfcs dg sfcjs faduit `duitry wesj lrfi`k wesj fihwjjo wesj jt`.:. "rjsjitein tkj hjtfecs ei f nrfpke`fc afiijr ( gdr j&fapcj pcdttein f nrfpk dgfaduit dg sfcjs afhj ly sfcjs pjrsdis ei fcc gdur qufrtjrs dg tkj yjfr). Ei tkj fldvj`fc`ucftedis fifcyses pcdttein dg nrfpks wfs td lj hdij afiufccy f cdt dg teaj fihjggdrts wduch kfvj ljji rjquerjh. <drj dvjr tkjrj wduch kfvj ljji id nufrfitjj dg tkj

f``urf`y dg `fc`ucftedis fih tkjer rjsucts. 6ji`j td afoj fcc tkj fldvj tfsos jfsejrfih f``urftj f sprjfhskjjt prdnrfa ceoj j&`jc `fi lj usjh.  J&`jc wduch tkji lj usjh td stdrj hftf ei f nreh dg rdws fih `dcuais pjrgdra`fc`ucftedis fih fifcyses di tkj hftf fih tkji prjsjit tkj hftf ei f nrfpke`fc afiijr.Xkes wfs ust dij dg tkj setuftedis wkjrj J&`jc `duch lj usjh jggj`tevjcy. *daj dtkjrfppce`ftedis frj ajitedijh cftjr.6f! e* %prjfh*jj!<

 ' sprjfhskjjt es f nreh dg rdws fih `dcuais fcsd `fccjh fs f wdroskjjt.

Jfrcejr sprjfhskjjts wkjrj `rjftjh afiufccy wetk pfpjr fih pji`ecs.

Xkj wdroskjjt wfs f hjso. "jdpcj kfh td usj tkj jfrcejr ceijh pfpjr nrfpk

pfpjr dr rjnucfr ceij hrfwi di et afiufccy td drnfie!j tkj `dcuais dg iualjrs di

tkj skjjt fih afiepucftj tkja. %fc`ucftein afiepucftein fih fifcy!ein hftf prjsjit ei tkj skjjt kfh td lj hdij

afiufccy.

%prjfh*jj! prdnrfa* fih fppce`f!edi* *prjfhskjjt prdnrfas frj hjvjcdpjh td futdaftj tfsos su`k fs tj`kie`fc

`fc`ucftedis eigjrjitefc stfteste`s fifcy!ein hftf. Xkjy fcsd kfvj f pdwjrguc

Page 76: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 76/155

prdnrfa gdr nrfpke`fc prjpfrftedi dg iuajre`fc hftf.Xkjy frj `daadicy usjh eitkj gdccdwein frjfs -

=5 Rrdhu`!edi Rcfiiein"rdhu`tedi hjtfecs `fi lj stdrjh usein f sprjfhskjjt prdnrfa. Xkes `fi lj usjh tdpcfi prdhu`tedis s`kjhucjs di f wjjocy dr aditkcy lfses. Xkjsj s`kjhucjs `fi tkji

lj stre`tcy gdccdwjh ei drhjr td af&eae!j prdhu`tedi.

25 Rjr*difc Afifnjaji! ' sprjfh skjjt `fi lj `rjftjh td stdrj tkj pjrsdifc hjtfecs ceoj ifaj fhhrjss fnjhftj dg deiein j&pjreji`j fih sfcfry. Xkes sprjfh skjjt `fi tkus lj usjh fs f rjfhyrj`odijr td rjtrejvj hjtfecs dg f pfrte`ucfr japcdyjj wkjijvjr rjquerjh. ?5 Afr.j!ein<frojtein hftf ceoj tkj tfrnjt sfcjs gdr tkj jiterj yjfr fih sfcjs f`kejvjajits fnfeisttkj tfrnjtjh sfcjs `fi lj stdrjh. Xkes `fi lj usjh td fifcy!j tkj pjrgdrafi`j dgafrojtein pjrsdiijc ly `dapfrein tkj f`kejvjh sfcjs vfcuj fnfeist tkj tfrnjt gdr tkjyjfr.

35 Rf \dccXkj pfy hjtfecs ceoj tkj japcdyjj iualjr japcdyjj ifaj lfse` pfy 6+' '`divjyfi`j hjhu`tedis jt`. dg jf`k japcdyjj `fi lj stdrjh ei f seincj sprjfhskjjt.5sein tkes tkj ijt sfcfry dg jf`k japcdyjj `fi lj `daputjh fih sfcfry sceps ljnjijrftjh ft tkj jih dg jvjry aditk.15 @d*! F``dui!einXkes es fi frjf wkjrj sprjfhskjjt prdnrfaajs frj wehjcy usjh. *prjfhskjjts frjusjh td stdrj durifc cjhnjrs trefc lfcfi`j fih lfcfi`j skjjts dg tkj `dapfiy ei drhjrtd hjtjraeij ijt prdgets dr ijt cdss. $jsehjs tkes sprjfhskjjt prdnrfaajs frj wehjcyusjh gdr

?. jprj`eftedi fifcyses1. rhjr prd`jssein 4eivde ein9. Xf& fssjssajit:. @ufcety `ditrdc7. "rjpfrftedi dg "rdhu t +jpdrts

Ae`rd*dg! JE`jc fih e!* gjf!urj*

<e`rdsdgt J&`jc gdr eihdws es f pdwjrguc sprjfh skjjt fppce`ftedi tkft `fi lj usjh gdrafifnein fifcy!ein fih prjpfrein hftf ei f nrfpke`fc afiijr.J&`jc kfs tkrjj heggjrjit `dapdijits tkft pjrgdra tkrjj heggjrjit tfsos.=5Xj %prjfh*jj! @dapdiji!Et hespcfys fih fifcysjs tj&t fih iualjrs ei rdws fih `dcuais.25Xj Hf!f-f*j @dapdiji!Et afiepucftjs cests dg eigdraftedi.?5Xj @fr! @dapdiji!5Et prdhu`js `kfrt wke`k kjcp td prjsjit hftf ei f nrfpke`fc afiijr .Jf`k `dapdijit esf heggjrjit wfy dg cddoein ft fih eitjrf`tein wetk hftf tkft kfs f `daadi stru`turjlfsjh di rdws fih `dcuais. Xkes `daadi stru`turj es tkj sprjfhskjjt.Xkes `daadi stru`turj dg tkj hftf afojs j&`jc eitjnrftjh. e.j. tkj flecety td trfisgjrfih afiepucftj hftf jfsecy fadin tkj tkrjj `dapdijits.

Page 77: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 77/155

JE`jc 0jf!urj* '``drhein td <e`rdsdgt J&`jc es tkj adst `daprjkjisevj sprjfhskjjt fppce`ftedifvfecflcj ei tkj afrojt. Et es idt ust f tddc gdr `fc`ucftein afiepucftein fih fifcy!einhftf lut fcsd f vjrsftecj drnfie!ftedifc tddc fih fi j&`jccjit dij gdr prjsjiteineigdraftedi.

J&`jc kfs tkj gdccdwein gjfturjs-=5 6dr.*jj! fih Nrfpe`*Et ei`cuhjs j&trjajcy pdwjrguc `fc`ucftein gjfturjs. $jsehjs wdroein wetk iualjrs fihtj&ts j&`jc fcsd prdvehjs gdr prjsjitein hftf nrfpke`fccy. Xkes kjcps td f cfrnj j&tjitgdr hftf fifcyses.25 Hf!f ce*!* fih Hf!f-f*j*ftflfsj gui`tedis frj fidtkjr eapdrtfit gjfturj dg J&`jc. *jvjrfc jggj`tevj gui`tedisfrj fvfecflcj gdr wdroein wetk hftf cestjh ei f tflucfr gdra. Xkjrj frj gui`tedis gdrjvfcuftein `daleiein fih eg ij`jssfry rjfrrfinein hftf cests.>dr J&fapcj td frrfinj pjrsdifc hftf dg ?33 sfcjs pjrsdis ei tkj fs`jihein drhjr dgtkjer ifajs sd tkft sfcjspjrsdis iualjrs `fi lj fccd`ftjh td tkja hftf `fi lj

rjfrrfinjh dr sdrtjh uihjr j&`jc.?5 Hf!f JE`finj +e! d!jr fppce`f!edi*J&`jc usjs tkj fhvfitfnj dg tkj weihdws jiverdiajit. Xkes jspj`efccy fppcejs td hyifae` hftfj&`kfinj (J) fih lj`t 8eioein 'ih Jaljhhein (8J) wetkei j&`jc fih dtkjr weihdwsfppce`ftedis. 's f rjsuct hftf nrfpke`s sduih rj`drheins fih fieaftedis `fi lj jfsecy ae&jhei f seincj hd`uajit.35 %!fihfrheOjh u*jr ei!jrgf`jJ&`jc es f pfrt dg tkj <e`rdsdgt;s fppce`ftedi pf`ofnj <*-gge`j dtkjr prdhu`ts ljein drh fih"dwjr "deit. J&`jpt gdr f spj`ege` ajiu ei jf`k fppce`ftedi tkj ajius ei tkj afei ajiu lfr dgJ&`jc drh "dwjr "deit es ehjite`fc. Xkj ojy `daleiftedis (gdr j.n. gdr `ut `dpy pfstj jt`.)frj fcsd stfihfrhe!jh. <dst dg tkj hefcdn ld&js cddo seaecfr. 'cc dptedis rjcftjh td pfrte`ucfr`daafih frj `daleijh ei f seincj hefcdn ld&.

15 6dr.-dd.*>eifccy J&`jc wdros wetk tkj `disestjit gecj `dapdijits. 'cc hftf es nftkjrjh ei wdrolddos.Xkjsj wdrolddos stdrj `urrjit stftus dg tkj wdro-spf`j fcdin wetk fcc `urrjitcy dpjijh gecjsfih sjtteins sjcj`tjh gdr tkja.Kd+ !d cdfh JE`jc<

eihdws frrfinjs pe`tdrefc rjprjsjitftedis `fccjh e`dis eitd `ftjndrejs `fccjh nrdups.Jf`k nrdup kfs ets dwi weihdws wke`k `fi lj guccy hespcfyjh dr skdwi fs fi e`di.eihdws pcf`js tkj j&`jc e`di ei tkj <e`rdsdgt dgge`j nrdup. Xd 8dfh tkj J&`jc dulcj%ce`o tkj <e`rdsdgt J&`jc e`di ei tkj <e`rdsdgt dgge`j nrdup r 5sj frrdw ojys diiuajre` ojypfh td sjcj`t <e`rdsdgt J&`jc e`di fih prjss jitjr.kji J&`jc es cdfhjh twd weihdws fppjfr wke`k es ijstjh dij wetkei tkj dtkjr.Xkj cfrnjr dg tkjsj es `fccjh tkj Fppce`f!edi 6eihd+ wke`k grfajs tkj jiterj s`rjji.

Xkj fppce`ftedi weihdw es usjh td `daauie`ftj wetk tkj j&`jc prdnrfa.Xkj safccjr weihdw es `fccjh tkj hd`uaji! +eihd+5 Xkes es usjh td `rjftj fih jhetj&`jc wdroskjjt fih `kfrts. Xkj j&`jc fppce`ftedi weihdw es ceoj f prdnrfa afifnjr. Etprdvehjs ydu wetk tddcs `daafihs fih stftus ajssfnjs.Fppce`f!edi 6eihd+Xkj fppce`ftedi weihdw dg tkj j&`jc kfs tkj gdccdwein `dapdijits.=5 Xe!cj Lfr 

Page 78: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 78/155

Et fppjfrs ft tkj tdp dg tkj <e`rdsdgt J&`jc weihdw. i tkj cjgt jih dg tkj tetcj lfr es fld& cfljcjh wetk tkj lfr wke`k dpjis tkj fppce`ftedi;s `ditrdc ajiu. 't tkj renkt jih dgtkj tetcj lfr frj twd ld&js dij cfljcjh wetk f hdwi frrdwkjfhs fih tkj dtkjr stf`ojhup fih hdwi frrdwkjfhs. Xkjsj luttdis frj aeieae!j fih rjstdrj luttdis rjspj`tevjcyfccdws tkj usjr td skreio tkj <e`rdsdgt j&`jc weihdw td fi e`di fih rjstdrj f weihdw

e`di td ets gdrajr se!j.25 Ajiu Lfr $jcdw tkj tetcj lfr es tkj ajiu lfr wke`k cests tkj ifajs dg ieij ajius .ve!. >ecj fihJhet 0ejw eisjrt >draft Xddcs ftf eihdw fih 6jcp. Jf`k dg tkjsj ajius `ditfeis`daafihs tkft frj usjh td nevj eistru`tedis td j&`jc.?5 %!fihfrh Xddc -fr*Xkjy frj pdsetedijh ljcdw tkj ajiu lfr. Xkj stfihfrh tddc lfr `ditfeis tddc luttdiswke`k frj usjh td `frry dut stfihfrh prdnrfa dpjrftedis. >dr j&fapcj spjcc `kj`o `utpfstj futd sua sdrt jt`.35 0draf!!ein !ddc-fr Et es tkj lfr ljcdw tkj stfihfrh tddclfr. Et `ditfeis tddc luttdis td `kddsj grjqujitcy

usjh gdrafttein `daafihs. >dr j&fapcj gdits gdit-se!j ldch etfce`s jt`.15 0draucf Lfr Et es ljcdw tkj gdrafttein tddclfr fih es afhj up dg 9 pfrts tkj rjgjrji`j frjf ft tkj cjgtjih skdws tkj fhhrjss dg tkj f`tevj `jcc. Xkj aehhcj fih tkj renkt frjfs frj usjh tdhespcfy dr jhet hftf prjsjit ei tkj `jcc.B5 %!f!u* Lfr Et fppjfrs di tkj ldttda dg tkj weihdw. Xkj cjgt pfrt hespcfys vfredus ajssfnjs4prdapts. >dr j&fapcj tkj stftus ajssfnj W+jfhy^ ei`cuhjs tkft j&`jc es rjfhy tdf``jpt hftf eitd tkj sprjfhskjjt. WJhet^ eihe`ftjs tkft j&`jc es ei tkj jhet adhj. Xkjrjes vfredus dtkjr stftus ajssfnjs tkj usjr `fi dlsjrvj wke`k frj hespcfyjh ly j&`jcgrda teaj td teaj. Xkj renkt pfrt hespcfys ojyldfrh stftus eihe`ftdrs. >dr j&fapcj %'"*#EM<* jt`.

Hd`uaji! 6eihd+Xkj j&`jc hd`uajit weihdw hespcfys tkj `urrjitcy f`tevj wdroskjjt fih tkj wdro lddoei wke`k et es `ditfeijh. Xkj hd`uajit weihdw `ditfeis tkj gdccdwein .=5 Xe!cj Lfr Et es tkj lfr ft tkj tdp dg tkj hd`uajit weihdw. Et hespcfys tkj ifaj dg tkj wdro lddo.25 @di!rdc Ajiu<f&eae!j4 +jstdrj luttdis fih tkj aeieae!j luttdi tkj sfaj fs j&pcfeijh fldvj.?5 %jj! Xf-*Xkj tfls ft tkj ldttda dg tkj hd`uajit weihdw. Xkjsj frj usjh td sjcj`t heggjrjitwdroskjjts wetkei tkj `urrjit wdrolddo.

35 6dr.*jj! G !f- *`rdcc -u!!di*Xkj sjt dg ld&js td tkj cjgt dg tkj skjjt tfls. Xkjsj frj usjh td s`rdcc tkrdunk tkjwdroskjjt tfls.15 %pce! Lfr*Xkj $cf`o lfrs cd`ftjh fcdin tkj vjrte`fc s`rdcc lfr fih td tkj renkt dg tkj kdre!ditfcs`rdcc lfr. *pcet lfrs `fi lj usjh td spcet tkj hd`uajit weihdw eitd pfijs tkft `fi ljs`rdccjh sjpfrftjcy jiflcein tkj usjr td vejw sjvjrfc frjfs dg tkj wdroskjjt ft di`j.B5 @dcuai Kjfhein*

Page 79: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 79/155

Xkj cjttjrs ft tkj tdp dg tkj wdroskjjt `dcuais. >dr jn. '$% J.5 \d+ Kjfhein*/Xkj iualjrs ft tkj cjgt dg jf`k wdroskjjt rdw. >dr Jn. ? 19:7.

Xj +dr.-dd. ' wdrolddo es fi J&`jc gecj wkjrj tkj usjr stdrjs kes hftf. Jf`k wdrolddo `disests dg

sjvjrfc wdroskjjts e.j. f wdrolddo `fi lj tkdunkt dg fs f gecj gdchjr fih f wdroskjjt eijvjry pfnj dg f gecj gdchjr. 6ji`j f wdrolddo es sfeh td lj f pfrt dg tkj wdroskjjtsnrdupjh tdnjtkjr. 8fljcjh tfls `fccjh fs skjjt tfls ehjitegy tkj eihevehufc skjjts dg fwdrolddo. Xkj fhvfitfnjs dg drnfie!ein sjvjrfc wdroskjjts eitd dij wdrolddo frj -?. *kjjts tkft frj ljcdinein td f pfrte`ucfr fppce`ftedi `fi lj stdrjh ei tkj sfajwdrolddo e.j. tkj hftf hdjs idt kfvj td lj stdrjh sjpfrftjcy.1. 's sddi fs f wdrolddo es dpjijh fcc ets wdroskjjts lj`daj futdafte`fccy fvfecflcj.kji j&`jc es stfrtjh tkj gerst tkein type`fccy sjji ei f wdrolddo ifajh W$ddo ?^. $ddo ? es fijw uisfvjh wdrolddo wke`k j&`jc hespcfys ly hjgfuct.

Xj 6dr.*jj!J&`jc drnfie!js hftf ei f seincj wdroskjjt ly cd`ftedi. Xkj wdroskjjt es hespcfyjh fs f

nreh dg ?L9A7 rdws fih 17L `dcuais. '`rdss tkj tdp dg tkj wdroskjjt frj `dcuais. '`rdss tkj tdp dg tkj wdroskjjt frj `dcuai kjfhjrs frj cfljcjh fs ' $ % fih sd di teccI. 'gtjr I tkj `dcuais frj cfljcjh fs '' '$ '% '.. .'I $' $$. . .$I. . .E' E$.. E0.dwi tkj cjgt sehj frj rdw kjfhjrs cfljcjh ?19 fih sddi tecc ?L9A:.Xkj eitjrsj`tedi dg tkj rdw fih `dcuai es `fccjh fs f `jcc. Xkjrj frj fpprd&eaftjcy dvjr: aeccedi `jccs ei f seincj wdroskjjt fih jf`k `fi kdch up td 177 `kfrf`tjrs dr up td?31: `kfrf`tjrs ei f gdraucf. 8enkt nrfy ceijs oidwi fs nrehceijs surrduih jf`k `jcc.Jf`k `jcc es ehjitegejh ly f `jcc fhhrjss wke`k es afhj up dg f rdw fih f `dcuaiiualjr. Xkj fhhrjss dg tkj gerst `jcc ei f wdroskjjt es 'c fih tkft di tkj cfst `jcc es E0?L9A:. Xkj `jcc fhhrjss dg gdurtk rdw fih sj`dih `dcuai es $:.Xkj '`tevj `jcc es tkj `jccei wke`k dij stfrts typein hftf. icy dij `jcc `fi lj f`tevj ft f teaj fih skdwi ly

kjfvy ldrhjr.Ad)ein Frduih !j +dr.*jj!=5 6e! !j .j-dfrhXkj ojyldfrh `fi lj usjh td advj que`ocy fih jfsecy di tkj wdroskjjt. Xkj herj`tediojys `dapresjs dg jenkt ojys tkj gdur frrdw ojys 6daj Jih "fnj up "fnj hdwiojys. Xkjsj ojys `fi lj usjh ei `daleiftedi wetk %trc fih *kegt ojys td jiflcj tkj usjr td advj gfstjr ei tkj wdrolddo.25 6e! !j Adu*jXkj usjr `fi advj tkj adusj f`rdss tkj wdroskjjt td fiy `jcc usein tkj adusj.Xkes es hdij wetk tkj kjcp dg s`rdcc lfrs prjsjit ei tkj ldrhjr dg tkj wdroskjjt.

@daafih*J&`jc `daafihs `fi lj nevji ei dij dg tkj gdccdwein wfys.?. %kddsein fi dptedi grda <jiu $fr ft tkj tdp dg tkj s`rjji.1. %kddsein fi dptedi grda tkj skdrt`ut <jiu.9. *jcj`t f tddc grda tkj tddc lfr.:. e!frhs@dd*ein fi dp!edi grda Ajiu Lfr 

Page 80: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 80/155

<jius frj preafry ajfis dg kfvein J&`jc pjrgdra tfsos su`k fs dpjiein f gecj `dpyeinf nrdup dg `jccs preitein f wdroskjjt dr `rjftein `kfrts. <jius `fi lj jetkjr eivdojhusein tkj ojy ldfrh dr tkj adusj.=5 6e! !j $j LdfrhXd eivdoj f `daafih grda tkj <jiu $fr usein tkj ojy ldfrh

f) 6dch hdwi tkj ojy fih prjss tkj ojy tkft `drrjspdihs tkj uihjrceijh `kfrf`tjrfadin tkj dptedis ei tkj <jiu $fr. 'iy dg tkj dptedis grda tkj pfrte`ucfr hrdphdwi ajiu `fi lj `kdsji ly usein tkj upfih hdwi frrdw ojy td pdsetedi ft fi fpprdpreftj dptedi fih tkji prjssein tkj jitjr ojyly prjssein tkj kenkcenktjh `kfrf`tjr dg tkj dptedis. "rjss 'ct-g tkj gecj hrdp hdwi ajiudpjis.

@dd*j !j ij+ dp!edi5

-" Z*j Fc!70=4 dr VXkes f`tevftjs tkj <jiu $fr.#dw fiy dg tkj ajius `fi lj sjcj`tjh ly prjssein tkj herj`tedi ojys td advj td tkj`drrj`t ajiu fih prjssein Jitjr dr ly typein tkj uihjrceijh cjttjr ei tkj <jiu. Xkj<jiu $fr `fi lj hjtj`tjh sd tkft `ditrdc es rjturijh td tkj wdroskjjt ly prjssein tkj

Js` ojy.25 6e! !j Adu*jXd eivdoj f `daafih grda tkj ajiu lfr wetk tkj adusj hespcfy f ajiu ly pdeiteintkj adusj pdeitjr td tkj ajiu ifaj fih `ce`oein tkj adusj luttdi. Xkes hespcfys tkjhrdp ajiu. Xkji `kddsj f `daafih grda tkj hrdp-hdwi ajiu ly pdeitein td tkjhjserjh dptedi fih tkji `ce`oein tkj renkt adusj luttdi. %ce`o di gecj tkj hrdphdwiajiu es hespcfyjh. %ce`o di ijw.%dr!`u! Ajiu*$y usein tkj renkt adusj luttdi j&`jc dpjis f skdrt`ut ajiu tkft nevjs herj`t f``jsstd tkj adst `daadicy usjh `daafih gdr wkftjvjr tkj usjr `ce`o di.>dr j&fapcj `ce`oein tkj renkt adusj luttdi di tkj f`tevj `jcc wecc nevj ydu f skdrt`ut

ajiu dg jhetein fih gdrafttein dptedis fs skdwi ljcdw.%ce`oein tkj renkt adusj luttdi di tkj tddclfr wecc hespcfy tkj tddclfr skdrt`ut ajiu fsgdccdws*kdrt`ut ajius frj fcsd fvfecflcj gdr afiepucftein tddclfrs rdws `dcuais fih skjjtsfs wjcc fs gdr jhetein fih gdrafttein `kfrts fih hftflfsjs.@daafih* grda f !ddc-fr $y hjgfuct J&`jc kfs f pfer dg tddclfrs fs tkerh fih gdurtk lfrs di tkj s`rjji. Xkjsjtddc lfrs kfvj f sjrejs dg luttdis tkft tkj usjr `fi seapcy `ce`o di td f``dapcesk f tfsotkft wduch dtkjrwesj tfoj sjvjrfc stjps wetk f ajiu di tkj ojyldfrh. >dr j&fapcj tdafoj f tetcj ldch wetk tkj tddclfr tkj usjr `fi sjcj`t tkj gdccdwein luttdi di tkjgdrafttein tddclfr.

etk tkj ajiu et wduch tfoj idt cjss tkfi se& stjps. Xkjrj frj f`tufccy ?: tddclfrs eij&`jc 7. Jf`k tddclfr `ditfeis spj`efc tddcs gdr vfredus f`tevetejs. Xkj stfihfrh fih tkjgdrafttein tddclfrs frj hespcfyjh turijh-dgg dr `ustdae!jh. e.j. tddcs `fi lj fhhjh drhjcjtjh.

6eOfrh*

Page 81: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 81/155

e!frhs prdvehj nuehfi`j fih ei sdaj `fsj f sjrejs dg stjp-ly-stjp prd`jhurjs td ndtkrdunk prd`jssjs su`k fs gdccdwein -?. Eapdrtein f tj&t gecj \ Xj&t eapdrt e!frh1. %rjftein fih jhetein f `kfrt \ %kfrt we!frh9. Eisjrtein f gui`tedi- >ui`tedi e!frh

:. *unnjstein jfsejr wfys dg hdein tfsos \ Xep e!frh7. $uechein fi eitjrf`tevj tflcj grda tkj hftf j&estein di tkj skjjts \ "evdt Xflcje!frh.Zihjr*!fihein \finj*Ei j&`jc et es jqufccy eapdrtfit td uihjrstfih wkft rfinjs frj ei fhhetedi tduihjrstfihein kdw `daafihs `fi lj nevji. >dr j&j`utein afdrety dg tkj `daafihs eij&`jc et es f aust td sjcj`t rfinjs dg `jccs wke`k wduch lj fggj`tjh ly tkj `daafihs.8jt us tfoj f cddo ft wkft tkj rfinjs frj fih kdw tkjy `fi lj hjgeijh.6f! e* \finj<

 ' +finj es f rj`tfinucfr nrdup dg `jccs. Xkj safccjst rfinj es f seincj `jcc wkecj tkjcfrnjst ji`dapfssjs fcc tkj `jccs ei tkj wdrolddo. ' rfinj `fi lj `ditfeiein `jccs grda

f seincj skjjt dicy dr `fi ei`cuhj `jccs grda fhf`jit skjjts icy fhf`jit `jccs `figdra f vfceh rfinj. 'cc vfceh rfinjs grda jetkjr f rj`tfincj dr rj`tfinucfr sdceh. *cftjh dr finucfr rfinjsfrj idt fccdwjh.Hjgeiein \finj*+finjs frj hjgeijh ly tkj fhhrjssjs dg twd dppdsetj dr hefndifccy pferjh `drijr `jccssjpfrftjh ly f `dcdi () dr twd hdts (..). J.n. $:6?: dr $:..6?:.5sein rfinjs kjcps tdsfvj tkja wkji pjrgdraein vfredus dpjrftedis su`k fs `dpyein advein fihgdrafttein. <fiy j&`jc gui`tedis fcsd usj rfinjs fs ets frnuajits.%jcj`!ein @jcc*<dusj dr tkj ojyldfrh `fi sjcj`t f `jcc dr rfinj dg `jccs.Jiterj +dws dr %dcuais `fi fcsd lj sjcj`tjh wetk f seincj adusj-`ce`o.Xd *jcj`! f `jccetk tkj adusj advj tkj pdeitjr dvjr tkj rjquerjh `jcc fih `ce`o. Xkj kjfvy ldrhjrtkji surrduihs tkj ijw f`tevj `jcc eihe`ftein et es sjcj`tjh.<dvj tkj pdeitjr td `jcc J?3 fih `ce`o tkj adusj luttdi.etk tkj ojyldfrh usj tkj frrdw ojys td pdsetedi ft tkj rjquerjh `jcc fih tkji prjss tkjjitjr ojy.<dvj tkj pdeitjr td `jcc '?3 usein tkj cjgt frrdw ojy fih prjss jitjr.Eg tkj j&f`t fhhrjss dg tkj `jcc (wke`k tkj usjr wfits td afoj f`tevj) es oidwi tkji tdsjcj`t et -"rjss >7 fih typj tkj `jcc fhhrjss ei tkj hefcdn ld& fih jitjr td advj tkj `jcc.%ce`o di tkj rjgjrji`j frjf ei tkj gdraucf lfr fih typj ei tkj `jcc fhhrjss.Xry tkj fldvj twd ajtkdhs td afoj `jcc %1: f`tevj.Xd *jcj`! f rfinj dg `jcc*

 ' rfinj es f `diteiudus rj`tfinucfr nrdup dg `jccs. Xd sjcj`t f rfinj dg `jccs -etk tkj adusj advj tkj adusj pdeitjr td dij `drijr dg tkj rfinj kdch hdwi tkjadusj luttdi fih hrfn tkj pdeitjr td tkj dppdsetj `drijr dg tkj rfinj. Xkj afrojhrfinj wecc lj kenkcenktjh.<foj `jcc J: '`tevftj

Page 82: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 82/155

6dch hdwi tkj cjgt adusj luttdi fih hefndifccy hrfn et f`rdss td `jcc ,H.etk tkj ojyldfrh sjcj`t tkj `jcc ei fiy `drijr dg tkj rfinj fih kdch hdwi tkj skegt ojywkecj prjssein fiy dij dg tkj herj`tedi ojys.<foj `jcc J: f`tevj6dch hdwi tkj skegt ojy fih prjss renkt frrdw fih tkji tkj hdwi frrdw ojy td frrevj ft

`jcc ,H.Xd *jcj`! ji!erj `dcuai* fih rd+**dajteajs et es ij`jssfry td sjcj`t jiterj rdws fih `dcuais. Eistjfh dg sjcj`tein tkjjiterj rfinj j&`jc `fi sjcj`t tkj jiterj rdws fih `dcuais wetk tkj `ce`o di f adusjluttdi dr ojystrdojs.6e! !j adu*jetk tkj adusj `ce`o di tkj `dcuai kjfhjr td sjcj`t tkj jiterj rdw `ce`o ets rdwkjfhjrs.Xd sjcj`t auctepcj rdws fih `dcuais hrfn tkj adusj pdeitjr tkrdunk tkjer kjfhjrs."cf`j tkj adusj pdeitjr di rdw cfljc fih `ce`o tkj adusj luttdi dlsjrvj tkft tkjjiterj aw es kenkcenktjh.

"cf`j tkj adusj pdeitjr di tkj `dcuai cfljc ' hrfn et tkrdunk `dcuais $ fih % lykdchein tkj adusj luttdi fih rjcjfsj et. lsjrvj tkft `dcuais ' $ fih % frjkenkcenktjh.etk tkj ojyldfrh td sjcj`t fi jiterj rdw4rdw(s)*jcj`t fiy `jcc ei tkft rdw kdch hdwi tkj %trc ojy fih prjss spf`jlfr.Xd sjcj`t fi jiterj `dcuai4`dcuai(s) sjcj`t fiy `jcc ei tkft `dcuai kdch tkj skegt ojyfih prjss spf`jlfr.@rjf!ein f +dr.-dd.%rjftein f wdrolddo es f preafry gui`tedi ei J&`jc fih et es tkj gerst tkein jvjry usjrijjhs td oidw. Jf`k wdroskjjt ei tkj wdrolddo `fi `ditfei tj&t iualjrs hftjsgdraucfs jt`. 'cc eigdraftedi;s tkft tkj usjr typjs di f skjjt es stdrjh ei `jccs.Jf`k `jcc `fi kdch uitd 177 `kfrf`tjrs. kji J&`jc rj`dnie!js tkft tj&t es ljein typjhet futdafte`fccy cjgt-fcenis tkj tj&t ei tkj `jcc .(ajfiein et puskjs tj&t up fnfeist tkj cjgtsehj dg tkj `jcc).kji iualjrs frj typjh J&`jc renkt-fcenis tkja. Xkes hjgfuctfceniajit (cjgt dr renkt) es `fccjh njijrfc fceniajit.Ji!jrein XjE!Xd jitjr tj&t tkj `jcc wkjrj hftf es td lj jitjrjh es sjcj`tjh gerst (wetk tkj adusj dr tkjojyldfrh) fih tkji tkj tj&t es typjh. Xkj tj&t es tkji tjraeiftjh ly prjssein tkj jitjrojy dr `kddsein tkj ld& wetk tkj `kj`o di et es tkj gdraucf lfr. Xkj typjh tj&t fppjfrsei tkj f`tevj `jcc fs wjcc fs tkj gdraucf lfr. #dtj tkft tkj setuftedi tfoji up ei tkjeitrdhu`tedi ft tkj ljneiiein dg tkes `kfptjr wecc lj tfoji fs f `fsj stuhy kjrj.*jpfrftj wdroskjjts wecc lj `rjftjh gdr fcc tkj hjtfecs tkft frj td lj stdrjh.Jisurj tkft tkj wdroskjjt es `dapcjtjcy lcfio.Ji!jrein #ua-jr*J&`jc nevjs f cdt dg gcj&elecety td tkj usjr wkecj jitjrein iualjrs. #ualjrs `fi ljjitjrjh wetk `dcuais hdccfr seni pjr`jit senis fih s`ejitege` idtftedis. J&`jc `divjrtstkj jitry eitd f iualjr wetk uitd ?7 seniege`fit pcf`js. #ualjrs `fi ei`cuhj iuajre``kfrf`tjrs grda 3 td C fih fiy dg tkj gdccdwein spj`efc `kfrf`tjrs -S - 3 4 [ U. J j>dccdwein pdeits skduch lj idtjh wkecj jitjrein iualjrs -

Page 83: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 83/155

 ' `daaf `fi lj ei`cuhjh ei f iualjr ceoj ?333333 ' seincj pjredh ei f iuajre` jitry es trjftjh fs f hj`eafc pdeit.#jnftevj iualjrs skduch lj prj`jhjh wetk aeius seni dr skduch lj ji`cdsjh wetkeipfrjitkjses.Ji!jrein grf`!edi*

>rf`tedis `fi fcsd gdra f pfrt dg tkj sprjfh skjjt. Xd jitjr f grf`tedi -?. Xkj wkdcj iualjr fih tkj grf`tedi skduch lj sjpfrftjh ly f spf`j.>dr j.n. 1 Eg tkj grf`tedi hdjs idt kfvj tkj wkdcj pfrt -1. ' !jrd skduch lj pcf`jh ei grdit dg tkj grf`tedi. >dr j.n. 3 149Ji!jrein hf!j*J&`jc trjfts hftjs ei f spj`efc fih f heggjrjit wfy ly jstflceskein f hftj sjrefc s`kjaj.Xkes s`kjaj fccd`ftjs dij iualjr gdr jvjry hfy grda Mfiufry ??C33 td j`jaljr9?13HA. J&`jc fcsd prdvehjs gdrafttein fih gdraucfs td `divjrt f hftj sjrefc iualjr tdf spj`ege` `fcjihfr hftj. Eitjrifccy J&`jc usjs tkj uigdrafttjh hftj sjrefc iualjr.6dwjvjr tkj hftj `fi lj gdrafttjh ei sjvjrfc wfys td njt f idrafc cddoein `fcjihfr

hftj.>dr j&fapcj wkji gdrafttjh wetk tkj hftj gdraft aa4hh4yy tkj sjrefc iualjrs 9:7LHlj`dajs A41?4C:.<foj tkj `jcc J7 f`tevj fih typj tkj hftjs uihjr tkj kjfhein hftj dg

 deiein ei tkj gdraft hh4aa4yy.Ji!jrein Xeaj

 's ei `fsj dg hftjs j&`jc kfs f s`kjaj gdr `fc`ucftein teaj tkj teaj es fhhjh td tkjhftj sjrefc iualjr fs f hj`eafc grf`tedi dg f 1:-kdur hfy.Xkjrjgdrj aehienkt es 3.3333333 iddi es 3.733333 fih ??7C7C "a es 3.CCCCAA.kjijvjr hftj dr teaj es jitjrjh futdafte`fccy tkj `jcc gdraft es `kfinjh grda tkjidrafc gdraft td tkj fpprdpreftj hftj dr teaj gdraft.>dccdwein pdeitjs frj td lj idtjh wkecj jitjrein hftjs fih teajs -?. J&`jc enidrjs `fpetfce!ftedi.1. Eg tkj hespcfy dg tkj teaj es td lj hdij f``drhein td f ?1-kdur `cd`o typj fa pa dr

 ust fp (>dr j.n. 933pa). ' spf`j kfs td lj ei`cuhjh ljtwjji tkj teaj fih tkj cjttjr.5icjss fa dr pa es idt spj`egejh j&`jc futdafte`fccy hespcfys teaj usein tkj 1:-kdur`cd`o.9. ftj fih teaj `fi lj typjh ei tkj sfaj `jcc sjpfrftjh ly f spf`j.:. Xd jitjr hftjs jetkjr f scfsk (4) dr f kypkji (-) `fi lj usjh fs f sjpfrftdr.Ji!jrein hf!f ei f *jrej*

 'ctkdunk J&`jc 7 `fi pjrgdra sjvjrfc tfsos tkj usjr kfs td jitjr iualjrs fih tj&tafiufccy. 6dwjvjr J&`jc prdvehjs f sdcutedi td tkes teaj-`disuaein prd`jss.kjijvjr tkj usjr wfits td gecc f `jcc rfinj wetk hftf tkft gdras f sjrejs (gdr j.n. ? 1 9<di Xuj jh dr Mfi >jl <fr) tkj hftf eiput `fi lj futdaftjh. 5sein tkj >ecc 6fihcj`fi hd tkes. Xkj >ecc 6fihcj es f lcf`o squfrj cd`ftjh di tkj cdwjr renkt `drijr dg tkjsjcj`tjh `jcc(s). Xkes es `fccjh fs tkj 'utd gecc gjfturj.Xd uihjrstfih kdw tkj 'utd gecc gjfturj es usjh td njijrftj f hftf sjrejs gdccdw tkj stjpsljcdw td gecc aditk ifajs ei f rfinj dg `jccs.?. Jitjr Mfi eitd `jcc '? -1. "deit td tkj gecc kfihcj wetk tkj adusj tkj adusj pdeitjr wecc lj`daj f lcf`o `rdss.9. %ce`o fih hrfn tkrdunk `jcc ' ?1 fih rjcjfsj tkj adusj luttdi.

Page 84: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 84/155

:. Eaajheftjcy tkj sjrejs dg aditks grda Mfi td j` wecc lj geccjh eitd `jccs '? tkrdunk '?1.Fu!d gecceinEi J&`jc heggjrjit typjs dg hftf `fi lj geccjh. Xd hjadistrftj tkes jitjr tkj gdccdweinvfcujs

Jn. ?. *jcj`t `jccs '? tkrdunk 'A.*jcj`t tkj gecc kfihcj fih hrfn tkrdunk `jcc A.

Xkj rjsuct wecc lj fs gdccdws -Xkj gdccdwein vfcujs wecc idw lj futd geccjh

F*`jihein dr Hj*`jihein *jrej*

#dtj tkft wetk 'utd gecc jetkjr fi 's`jihein dr js`jihein sjrejs `fi lj `rjftjh.Xd `rjftj fi 's`jihein sjrejs tkj gecc kfihcj kfs td lj hrfnnjh td tkj renkt dr td tkjldttda ijenkldrein `jccs fih td `rjftj f hjs`jihein sjrejs= tkj gecc kfihcj skduch ljhrfnnjh td tkj cjgt dr tdp ijenkldrein `jccs.J*!f-ce*ein fi Fu!d gecc !rjihEi tkj fldvj twd eccustrftedis jf`k 'utd gecc wfs lfsjh di f seincj stfrtein vfcuj. Eg twddr adrj vfcujs frj sjcj`tjh fs tkj stfrtein rfinj gdr fi 'utd gecc j&`jc trejs td hjtjraeijf trjih fih futd geccs f``drheincy.*jcj`t `jccs '? tkrdunk $:.*jcj`t tkj gecc kfihcj fih hrfn tkrdunk `jcc J:.Xkj rjsuct wecc lj fs gdccdws -

Jitjr tkj vfcujs fs skdwi ei tkj genurj ljcdw

Page 85: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 85/155

#dtj tkj J&`jc futdafte`fccy geccs tkj `jccs grda %? td J: lfsjh di tkj trjih tkft es jvjivfcujs 1 fih : frj prjsjit ei 'c fih $ ? sd tkj ij&t sjt dg jf`k vfcujs frj LA?3.

 '1 fih $1 `ditfeis Mfi fih 'pr wkjrj tkj heggjrji`j ljtwjji tkja es 1 aditks fihkji`j j&`jc 'utd geccs wetk aditk ifajs Muc `t Mfi(tkjy fcsd kfvj heggjrji`js dg twd aditks ljtwjji tkja).*eaecfrcy tkj 'utd gecc trjih es futdafte`fccy gdr tkj wjjohfy ft tkj teaj.@rjf!ein @u*!da Fu!d gecc ce*!

 'pfrt grda tkj luect ei cest wke`k frj usjh td pjrgdra futd gecc j&`jc nevjs tkj usjr tkj

`fpflecety td `rjftj kes dwi futd gecc cest. Xkjsj frj oidwi fs W`ustda^ cests. >dr j&fapcjeg cest ceoj idrtk jfst wjst sdutk dr kenk ajheua cdw frj ijjhjh td ly jitjrjhgrjqujitcy ei td tkj wdroskjjt tkji f `ustda futd gecc wecc sfvj tkj usjr f cdt dg teaj.Hjgeiein @u*!da ce*!*

Xd hjgeij f `ustda cest?. Jitjr tkj cest Widrtk sdutk jfst wjst^ eitd f (`ditenudus) rfinj dg `jccs ei f rdwdr `dcuai.1. *jcj`t tkj rfinj dg `jccs `ditfeiein tkj cest.9. %kddsj dptedis tddcs `daafih fih tkji sjcj`t tkj `ustda cests tfl.:. %ce`o tkj eapdrt luttdi= tkj cest wecc lj hespcfyjh ei tkj `ustda cest ld&.7. %ce`o di G

 'gtjr tkj `ustda cest es hjgeijh td pjrgdra fi futd gecc `daafih fih dij dg tkjvfcujs ei tkj `ustda cest skduch lj jitjrjh fih tkj gecc kfihcj `fi lj hrfnnjh ei fiyherj`tedi. Xkj jhet fih hjcjtj luttdi ei tkj dptedi hefcdn ld& `fi lj usjh td jhet drhjcjtj `ustda cest.Luechein 0draucf*>ejch `dhjs Q (>draucf) gejchQ >draucf m$ddoafro m #uajre` "e`turj%fc`ucftjs f iualjr ly usein f aftkjafte`fc gdraucf.du `fi usj tkj >draucf `daafih (Xflcj ajiu) td eisjrt fi Q (>draucf) gejch ei ftflcj dr ei rjnucfr tj&t.Xep Eg ydu;rj usein f sprjfhskjjt fppce`ftedi su`k fs <e`rdsdgt J&`jc jaljhhein

fcc dr pfrt dg f wdroskjjt ei f hd`uajit es dgtji jfsejr tkfi usein tkj Q (>draucf)gejch ei f tflcj.

Page 86: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 86/155

Af!jaf!e`fc fih rjcf!edifc dpjrf!dr*Ei fi Q (>draucf) gejch ydu `fi usj fiy `daleiftedi dg vfcujs fih tkj gdccdweinaftkjafte`fc fih rjcftedifc dpjrftdrs.

0ui`!edi* u*jh - !j (0draucf" gejchXkj Q (>draucf) gejch `fi usj vfcujs rjturijh ly tkj gdccdwein gui`tedis.>ui`tedis wetk japty pfrjitkjsjs `fi f``jpt fiy iualjr dg frnuajits sjpfrftjh ly`daafs () dr sjae`dcdis (=).

 'rnuajits `fi lj iualjrs gdraucfs dr lddoafro ifajs.#dtj-Xkj gdccdwein gui`tedis `fi f``jpt rjgjrji`js td tflcj `jccs fs frnuajits

 '0J+',J () %5#X () <'] () <E# () "+5%X () fih *5< ().

Page 87: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 87/155

\J2J\J$@E$N @JCC/ E$ F XFCJ

kji ydu pjrgdra fc`ucftedis ei f tflcj ydu rjgjrji`j tflcj `jccs fs '? '1 $ ? $1fih sd di wetk tkj cjttjr rjprjsjitein f `dcuai fih tkj iualjr rjprjsjitein f rdw.%jcc rjgjrji`js ei <e`rdsdgt drh uiceoj tkdsj ei <e`rdsdgt J&`jc frj fcwfys flsdcutjrjgjrji`js fih frj idt skdwi wetk hdccfr senis.>dr j&fapcj rjgjrrein td f `jcc fs '? ei drh es tkj sfaj fs rjgjrrein td f `jcc fs

['[?ei J&`jc.

\jgjrji`j eihe)ehufc `jcc*Xd rjgjrji`j `jccs ei gdraucfs usj f `daaf td sjpfrftj

Page 88: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 88/155

rjgjrji`js td eihevehufc `jccs fih f `dcdi td sjpfrftj tkj gerst fih cfst `jccs ei fhjseniftjh rfinj fs skdwi ei tkj gdccdwein j&fapcjs.

\jgjrji`j fi ji!erj rd+ dr `dcuaidu `fi rjgjrji`j fi jiterj rdw dr `dcuai ei f `fc`ucftedi ei tkj gdccdwein wfys/ 5sj f rfinj tkft ei`cuhjs dicy tkj cjttjr dr iualjr tkft rjprjsjits et \ gdr j&fapcj?? td rjgjrji`j tkj gerst rdw ei tkj tflcj. Xkes hjseniftedi fccdws tkj `fc`ucftedi tdfutdafte`fccy ei`cuhj fcc tkj `jccs ei tkj rdw eg ydu hj`ehj td fhh dtkjr `jccs cftjr.

/ 5sj f rfinj tkft ei`cuhjs tkj spj`ege` `jccs \ gdr j&fapcj f?f9 td rjgjrji`j f`dcuai wetk tkrjj rdws. Xkes hjseniftedi fccdws tkj `fc`ucftedi td ei`cuhj dicy tkdsjpfrte`ucfr `jccs. Eg ydu fhh dtkjr `jccs cftjr fih ydu wfit tkj `fc`ucftedi td ei`cuhj tkjaydu ijjh td jhet tkj `fc`ucftedi.+jgjrji`j `jccs ei fidtkjr tflcjXd rjgjrji`j `jccs ei fidtkjr tflcj dr td rjgjrji`j f `jcc grda dutsehj f tflcj ehjitegytkj tflcj wetk f lddoafro. >dr j&fapcj tkj gejch Qfvjrfnj(Xflcj1 ll) fvjrfnjs`dcuai $ ei tkj tflcj afrojh ly tkj lddoafro Xflcj1.

Xkj gdccdwein gejch sultrf`ts grda f vfcuj rjprjsjitjh ly tkj lddoafro ,rdss *fcjs.Xkj iuajre` pe`turj swet`k hespcfys tkj rjsucts wetk f `urrji`y seni \ gdr j&fapcj[?:HAL.?HQ ,rdss*fcjs-1C ACH.L1 W[ .^Xkj gdccdwein Q (>draucf) gejch `daputjs tkj tdtfc iualjr dg pfnjs ei f hd`uajitwkdsj pfnj iualjrein stfrts ft :H= et hespcfys f rjsuct su`k fs W"fnj 7? dg C1^

"fnj "',J dg (:H - ?)S#5<"',J*Xkj gdccdwein j&fapcjs rjgjr td vfcujs ei f tflcj. %jcc rjgjrji`js rjgjr td `jccs ei tkjtflcj tkft `ditfeis tkj (>draucf) gejch. Eg tkj gejch esi;t ei tkj rjgjrji`jh tflcj afro tkjtflcj wetk f lddoafro fih spj`egy tkj lddoafro gdccdwjh ly tkj `jcc rjgjrji`js.

Page 89: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 89/155

D-j`!e)j !pj uj*!edi*26. ke`k es tkj cftjst vjrsedi dg jx`jc4 Fis= Jx`jc [R2<. ^ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein es f pdpucfr H! "fsj# sprjf#skjjt4 Fis= cdtus 6$<$%2%. &ecjs `rjftj# wetk 'dtus 6$<$% kfvj fi jxtjisedi 4 Fis= .6<%2(. )kj #jgfuct *! Jx`jc gecj jxtjisedi es+.Fis= . ['!

2,. ^ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein es tkj dc#jst sprjf# skjjt pf`-fnj4 Fis= ese/fc`2. Fi jx`jc wdr-skjjt `fi kfvj f fxeu dg iu"jr dg rdws. Fis= ,,%20.Fi jx`jc wdr-skjjt `fi kfvj f fxeu dgiu"jr dg dcus. Fis= <,28. *! Jx`jc es f+4Fis= ^ei#dw "fsj# sprjf# skjjt pf`-fnj2:. 7i Jx`jc tkj eitjrsj`tedi dg f `dcui fi# f rdw es `fccj#+.Fis= /jcc62. F dccj`tedi dg wdr-skjjt es fccj#+ Fis= wdr-"dd- 66. i sfvein f wdr-skjjt> tkj ;sfvj fs5 #efcdn "dx +..Fis= 7s usj# gdr sfvein tkj gecj " sdjfctjriftevj ifj6<. )kj gecj rjspdise"cj gdr stfrtein *! Jx`jc es+..Fis= J[/J'.J[J6%. /trc?Rn 3p wecc tf-j du td+..Fis= Rrjvedus skjjt6(. /trc?/es j1uevfcjit td+.. Fis= /dp

6,. /trc?F #djs tkj gdccdwein+.. Fis= !jcj`t tkj jiterj wdr-skjjt6. /trc?es+. Fis= dpji tkj jxestein gecj60. ^ke`k `dfi# es usj# td `cdsj# tkj wei#dw ei jx`jc+..4 Fis= Fct?&(68. ^ke`k `dfi# es usj# td `cdsj tkj wdr-"dd-4 Fis= /trc?w6:. ^ke`k dij es tkj skdrt`ut -j td sfvj++Fis= /trc?!<2. !kdrt`ut td 9d td dptedi+.. Fis= &,<6. 7i ets #jgfuct sjttein> fi Jx`jc wdr- "dd- es f#j up dg skjjts fi# tkj #jgfuct iu"jr es..4Fis= fB 6 "B < `B % #B ( jB ,Fis= fB 6<<. 7i Jx`jc jf`k skjjt ei f wdr- "dd- es #espcfj# fs+. Fis= )f"<%. 7i ets #jgfuct sjttein> fi Jx`jc *frnei tf"s frj sjt ft ++fB <., gdr tdp fi# "dttd frneis "B 6.: gdr tkj cjgt fi# renkt frneis `B 6.% gdr kjf#jr fi#

gddtjr #B Fcc tkj f"dvj jB Ldij dg tkjsjFis= #B Fcc tkj f"dvj<(. F wdr-skjjt `fi "j dpjij# " ..Fis= /ce`-ein di tkj pji "uttdi<,. F wdr-skjjt es f#j dg `dcuis fi# rdws> wkjrjei +Fis= /dcuis rui vjrte`fcc fi# rdws rui kdre@ditfcc<. Fitkein tkft es tpj# ei f wdr-skjjt fppjfrs ..Fis= ei "dtk f`tevj `jcc fi# gdrucf "fr <0. ^ke`k frjf ei Jx`jc wei#dw fccdws jitjrein vfcujs fi# gdrucfs4Fis= &drucf fr <8. !kdrt`ut td `ut fi d"j`t++Fis= /trc ? [

Page 90: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 90/155

<:. ^ke`k skdrt`ut `dfi# es usj# td rjf`k tkj ijxt wdr-skjjt+..Fis= pfnj #dwi%2./dfi# usj# td `dp tkj gdrucf idt tkj vfcuj grd dij #ftf td fidtkjr+.Fis= pfstj spj`efc%6.^ke`k skdrt `ut `dfi# es usj# td eisjrt tkj `urrjit tej4 Fis= /trc?=%<.^ke`k skdrt `ut `dfi# es /dfi# usj# td eisjrt `urrjit #ftj4 Fis= /trc?G

%%.^ke`k skdrt `ut `dfi# es /dfi# es usj# td `fc`ucftj tkj tdtfc `kfrf`tjrs ei f `jcc4Fis= 'ji%(. ^ke`k skdrt `ut `dfi# es tkj skdrt `ut -j td gecc tkj vfcuj dg ust f"dvj `jcc4Fis= /trc?H%,. /trc?7 skdrt`ut -j gdr+..Fis= `kfinein tkj `ditjits dg f `jcc td etfce`s%. )kj gdrucfs ei jx`jc frj f#j up dg+. Fis= Fretkjte`fc dpjrftdrs fi# gui`tedis%0 ^ke`k /dfi# wj wecc usj td njt tkj spj`egej# strein grd tkj cjgt4 Fis= 'jgt%8. ^ke`k /dfi# wj wecc usj td rjpjft f strein `jrtfei tej4 Fis=prdpjr %:. wke`k /dfi# fttf`k fidtkjr pf`-fnj gecj ei jx`jc4 Fis= kpjrcei-  (2. ^ke`k jiu wj `fi f-j #ftf"fsj dg dur wdr-skjjt4 Fis= #ftf (6. ^ke`k dptedi wj `fi skdw fi# preit tkj nre#ceijs4Fis= pfnj sjtup

 (<. ke`k jiu wj `fi f-j #ftf"fsj dg dur wdr-skjjt #ftf4Fis= #ftf (%. ^ke`k *jiu -jpt tkj gecc `dfi#4Fis= J#et ((. ^ke`k *jiu -jpt tkj 9dfc sjj- `dfi#4Fis= )ddcs (,. ^ke`k *jiu -jpt tkj nrdup fi# dutceij dfi#4Fis= Hftf (. 7i wke`k tf"cj wj gei# tkj pevdt tf"cj `dfi#4Fis= #ftf (0. #jgfuct tkj `jcc `ditjit fcenijit es+Fis= tjxt cjgt fcenijit fi# iu"jrs renkt (8. )d rjdvj tkj nre# ceijs tkj dptedi es fvfecf"cj ui#jr+.Fis= )ddcsNdptedis(:. ^ke`k seni es usj# td spj`eg f `jcc rfinj4Fis= = `dcdiB,2. ^ke`k seni wj usj td jitjr gdrucf4Fis= K,6. 7i wke`k tddc "fr wecc du gei# futd su skdrt "uttdi4 Fis= stfi#fr# "fr ,<. 7i wke`k jiu wecc du njt tkj vfce#ftedi `dfi#4 Fis= #ftf,%. Edw fi `kfrt tpjs fvfecf"cj ei jx`jc4 Fis= 6(,(. &rd wke`k tddc "fr wj fi `kfinj `kfrt tpj4 Fis= `kfrt tddc "fr ,,. ^ke`k jiu wj `fi prdtj`t dur wdr-skjjt4 Fis= )ddcs,. Edw fi tpjs dg `jcc rjgjrji`js frj fvfecf"cj ei jx`jc4 Fis= %,0. ^ke`k es tkj `dpfresdi dpjrftdr4 Fis= K,8. *jiu kfs gui`tedi we@fr#..Fis= 7isjrt,:. wke`k du `fi uinrdup tkj #ftf4 Fis. Hftf2. 'jnji#s frj usj# ei +Fis> /kfrt ^e@fr#6. Edw fi tpjs dg #rfwein d"j`ts frj fvfecf"cj ei #rfwein tddc"fr4 Fis= 62<. 7i jx`jc>pej `kfrts `fi "j pcdttj# di+.Fis= ic dij #ftf sjrejs%. )kj gui`tedi )HFMBdg jx`jc jitjrs tkj `urrjit+Fis= sstj #ftf dic(. )kj gui`tedi dg )HFMB dg jx`jc>jitjrs tkj `urrjit+..Fis= sstj #ftf dic,. Jx`jc wdr-skjjt #ftf `fi "j skfrj# wetk wdr# #d`ujit "+.f.7isrtein fi jx`jc gecj eitdwdr# "B. /dp fi# pfstj jx`jc wdr-skjjt eitd wdr# #d`ujit `B. 'ei- jx`jc #ftf ei f wdr##d`ujit #B.Fcc tkj f"dvj Fis= #B. )d `kfinj tkj `jcc rjgjrji`j /(=/: td fi f"sdcutj rdw fi# `dcui rjgjrji`j> wj wduc# jitjr et fs++Fis= O/O(O/O:0. Jx`jc usjs fidtkjr ifj gdr #ftf"fsj.et es `fccj# fs+.Fis= cest8. F tjpcftj es f+.Fis= pfttjri dg wdr- skjjt

Page 91: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 91/155

:.^ke`k dij es tkj jxfpcj dg sprjf#skjjt pf`-fnj4Fis= ese/fc`02. /djits put ei `jccs frj `fccj#+.Fis= `jcc tep06. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein es idt f vfce# #ftf tpj ei jx`jc4fB.Lu"jr "B. 'f"jc `B /kfrf`tjr #B. Hftj fi# tej jB. LdijFis=`B /kfrf`tjr 0<. /djits fi "j f##j# td `jccs usein+.. Fis= 7isjrt$N/djits

0%. Hftf `fi "j frrfinj# ei f wdr-skjjt ei fi jfs td ui#jrstfi# fiijr usein+4fB Futd gdrfttein "B Fppcein stcjs `B /kfinein gdits #B Fcc dg tkjsj jB Ldij Fis= #0(. *uctepcj `fc`ucftedis `fi "j f#j ei f seincj gdrucf usein+.Fis= Frrf &drucf0,. Edw fi `kfrf`tjrs `fi "j tpj# ei f seincj `jcc ei jx`jc4Fis= ,,%0 ^ke`k jiu dptedi `fi "j usj# td spcet wei#dws eitd twd4 Fis= ei#dw$Nspcet00. ^ke`k jcjjits dg f wdr-skjjt `fi "j prdtj`tj# grd f``e#jitfc d#ege`ftedifB. /ditjits "B. "j`ts `B. !`jijrejs #B. Fcc tkj f"dvj jB. LdijFis= H08. 9jttein #ftf grd f `jcc cd`ftj# ei f #eggjrjit skjjt es `fccj# 4Fis= F``jssein0:. F iujre vfcuj `fi "j trjftj# fs f cf"jc vfcuj eg et prj`j#js wetk+. Fis= Fpdstrdpkj 5 B82. /di`ftjiftedi dg tjxt `fi "j #dij usein+.. Fis= Fpjrsfi#CB86. F gui`tedi ei jx`jc+. fB. /fi "j "uec# usein f gui`tedi we@fr# "B. 7s f skdrt`ut gdrucf

`B. 7s f rjf#f#j gdrucf #B. Fcc tkj f"dvj jB. Ldij Fis= H8<. Jx`jc `fi #espcf uptdgejc#s dg f #ftf grd=Fis= %<8%. ^j fi `divjrt jxestein jx`jc wdr-skjjt #ftf fi# `kfrts td fi E)*' #d`ujit " usein4Fis= 7itjrijt fssestfit we@fr#8(. ^kji wj `dp fi# pfstj jx`jc #ftf eitd wdr# #d`ujit+Fis= wj wecc "j f"cj td j#et tkj #ftf usein wdr# j#etein gjfturjs8,. ^kji wj j"j# jx`jc wdr-skjjt eitd f wdr# #d`ujit+.Fis= J#etein `kfinj tkj #ftf fi# gdrfttein njts `kfinj# ei tkj dreneifc jx`jc wdr-skjjt8. ^kft es jfit " f `cep"dfr#4Fis=7t es f tjpdrfr stdrfnj ei tkj `dputjr5s jdr fi# tjpdrfrec stdrjs tkj `ut dr `dpej##ftf80. )kj j#et jiu kfs fi dptedi `cjfr ei et>ets su" jiu kfs+4Fis= fcc gdrfts>`ditjits fi# idtjs88. )kj purpdsj dg ui#d "uttdi es td=Fis= rjdvj tkj jxestein tjxt fi# rjstdrj tkj prj$j#etj# tjxt8:. 3sein tkj `kfrt we@fr#> wj fi 1ue`-c fi# jfsec turi dur=Fis= #ftf eitd `kfrts:2. Rfnj "rjf- `dfi# di tkj eisjrt jiu wecc rjsuct ei eisjrtedi dg pfnj "rjf-GFis= f"dvj tkj sjcj`tj# rdw:6. ^kji wj preit f wdr-skjjt> et futdfte`fcc f##s tkj+fB Lfj dg dur wdr-skjjt gecj fi# tkj pfnj iu"jr td tkj gddtjr frjf "BLfj dg durwdr-skjjt gecj td tkj kjf#jr frjf fi# tkj pfnj iu"jr td tkj gddtjr frjf B Lfj dg durwdr-skjjt gecj fi# pfnj iu"jr td tkj kjf#jr frjf #B Lfj dg dur #d`ujit fi# tkj pfnjiu"jr td tkj gddtjr frjf jB Ldij Fis= J:<. !jcj`tein cfi#s`fpj `kfinjs dur pfnj grd+.Fis= f tfcc td we#j drejitftedi:%. !jcj`tein pdrtrfet `kfinjs dur pfnj grd+. Fis= f we#j td tfcc drejitftedi :(. 7i dr#jr td tjcc jx`jc tkft wj frj jitjrein f gdrucf ei f `jcc wj ust "jnei tkj jitr wetk fidpjrftdr su`k fs+ Fis= K:,. !`jifred fifnjr ei jx`jc es usj# td+..Fis= Fifc@j #ftf:. ^kji wj rjftj f `kfrt di f sjpfrftj skjjt ei tkj sfj wdr-skjjt es `fccj# f=Fis= /kfrtskjjt:0. )kj `dpfresdi dpjrftdrs usj# ei jx`jc td `dputj `retjref frj+.. Fis= K>N>A>NK>AK>fi# AN

Page 92: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 92/155

:8. ^kji jx`jc `dpejs f gdrucf grd dij `jcc td fidtkjr > 7t e#jitegejs tkj iu"jr et ijj#s "=Fis= pdsetedi::. )kj purpdsj dg futd su es td+ fB. )dtfc fi# rfinj tkft wj sjcj`t "B. 'd`ftj fi# tdtfc tkj rdws fi# `dcuis ei frrfinj ijfrjsttd tkj `urrjit `jcc `B F## nrfi# tdtfcs td f rfinj `ditfeiein dtkjr tdtfcs #B Fcc tkj f"dvj jB

 LdijFis= H622. )d spj`eg fi f"sdcutj rjgjrji`j ei f gdrucf> +...Fis. Jitjr f O seni "jgdrj fi `dcui cjttjrs dr rdw iu"jrs tkft skduc# "j -jpt `distfit eigdrucfs td "j `dpej#.626. $$$$$$$$$ `kfrt es f vfreftedi dg s`fttjr `kfrt.fB Rej "B u""cj `B 'eij #B Hdunkiut jB If#frFis=#B Hdunkiut62<. F rfinj es f rj`tfinucfr nrdup dg `jccs. )kj sfccjst rfinj es+.fB F seincj `jcc "B twd `jccs `B gdur `jccs #B jenkt `jccs jB idij dg tkjsjFis= #Bjenkt `jccs

@fp!jr =?

&i!jrij!&i!rdhu`!ediXkj Eitjrijt es f ncdlfc systja dg eitjr`diij`tjh %daputjr #jtwdros tkft usj tkjstfihfrh Eitjrijt "rdtd`dc suetj (X%"4E") td ceio sjvjrfc leccedi hjve`js wdrchwehj.Et es f ijtwdro dg ijtwdros tkft `disests dg aeccedis dg prevftj pulce` f`fhjae`luseijss fih ndvjriajit ijtwdros dg cd`fc td ncdlfc s`dpj tkft frj ceiojh ly f lrdfhfrrfy dg jcj`trdie` werjcjss fih dpte`fc ijtwdroein tj`kidcdnejs.Xkj Eitjrijt `frrejs fij&tjisevj rfinj dg eigdraftedi rjsdur`js fih sjrve`js su`k fs tkj eitjr-ceiojhkypjrtj&t hd`uajits fih fppce`ftedis dg tkj drch ehj jl () eigrfstru`turj tdsuppdrt jafec fih pjjr-td-pjjr ijtwdros gdr gecj skfrein fih tjcjpkdiy.XjraeidcdnXkj Eitjrijt rjgjrrein td tkj spj`ege` ncdlfc systja dg eitjr`diij`tjh E" ijtwdros esf prdpjr idui fih wrettji wetk fi eietefc `fpetfc cjttjr.Ei tkj ajhef fih `daadi usj et esdgtji idt `fpetfce!jh ve!. tkj eitjrijt. Xkj Eitjrijt es fcsd dgtji rjgjrrjh td fs tkj #jt.Xj &i!jrij! es f ncdlfc ijtwdro `diij`tein aeccedis dg `daputein hjve`js= tkj es

 ust dij dg afiy sjrve`js ruiiein di tkj Eitjrijt.

Xj 6j- es f `dccj`tedi dg eitjr`diij`tjh hd`uajits (wjl pfnjs) fih dtkjr wjlrjsdur`js ceiojh ly kypjrceios fih 5+8s.

Page 93: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 93/155

Kpjr!jE! Xrfi*gjr Rrd!d`dc> dr KXXR es tkj cfinufnj usjh di tkj jl gdreigdraftedi trfisgjr yjt et es ust dij dg afiy cfinufnjs dr prdtd`dcs tkft `fi lj usjhgdr `daauie`ftedi di tkj Eitjrijt.Ei fhhetedi td tkj jl f iualjr dg dtkjr sjrve`js frj eapcjajitjh dvjr tkj Eitjrijtei`cuhein j-afec gecj trfisgjr rjadtj `daputjr `ditrdc ijwsnrdups fih diceij nfajs.

 'cc dg tkjsj sjrve`js `fi lj eapcjajitjh di fiy eitrfijt f``jsselcj td ijtwdro usjrs.Ke*!dr"rdgjssdr 8jdifrh Gcjeird`o wetk tkj gerst '+"'#JX Eitjrgf`j <jssfnj "rd`jssdrs ft5%8'.+jsjfr`k eitd pf`ojt swet`kein stfrtjh ei tkj jfrcy ?CL3s fih pf`ojt swet`kjh ijtwdrossu`k fs <fro E ft #"8 ei tkj 5G '+"'#JX %%8'J* <jret #jtwdroXyaijtfih Xjcjijt wjrj hjvjcdpjh ei tkj cftj ?CL3s fih jfrcy ?CH3s usein f vfrejty dgprdtd`dcs.Ei fi jfrcy seni dg guturj nrdwtk tkjrj wjrj fcrjfhy gegtjji setjs `diij`tjh td tkj yduin

 '+"'#JX ly tkj jih dg ?CH?.Jfrcy eitjriftedifc `dccfldrftedis di '+"'#JX wjrjspfrsj.

>dr vfredus pdcete`fc rjfsdis Jurdpjfi hjvjcdpjrs wjrj `di`jrijh wetk hjvjcdpeintkj ].17 ijtwdros. '``jss td tkj '+"'#JX wfs j&pfihjh ei ?CA? wkji tkj #ftedifc*`eji`j >duihftedi (#*>) hjvjcdpjh tkj %daputjr *`eji`j #jtwdro (%*#JX). Ei?CA1 tkj Eitjrijt "rdtd`dc *uetj (X%"4E") wfs stfihfrhe!jh fih tkj `di`jpt dg f wdrch-wehj ijtwdro dg guccy eitjr`diij`tjh X%"4E" ijtwdros `fccjh tkj Eitjrijt wfseitrdhu`jh.X%"4E" ijtwdro f``jss j&pfihjh fnfei ei ?CAL wkji tkj #ftedifc *`eji`j >duihftedi#jtwdro (#*>#JX) prdvehjh f``jss td supjr`daputjr setjs ei tkj 5ietjh *tftjs grdarjsjfr`k fih jhu`ftedi drnfie!ftedis gerst ft 7L olet4s fih cftjr ft ?.7 <let4s fih :7<let4s.%daajr`efc Eitjrijt sjrve`j prdvehjrs (E*"s) ljnfi td jajrnj ei tkj cftj ?CA3s fih

jfrcy ?CC3s. Xkj '+"'#JX wfs hj`daaessedijh ei ?CC3. Xkj Eitjrijt wfs guccy`daajr`efce!jh ei tkj 5.*. ly ?CC7 wkji #*>#JX wfs hj`daaessedijh rjadvein tkjcfst rjstre`tedis di tkj usj dg tkj Eitjrijt td `frry `daajr`efc trfgge`.Xkj Eitjrijt stfrtjh f rfpeh j&pfisedi td Jurdpj fih 'ustrfcef ei tkj aeh td cftj ?CA3sfih td 'sef ei tkj cftj ?CA3s fih jfrcy ?CC3s.Xkj Eitjrijt `diteiujs td nrdw hrevji lyjvjr nrjftjr faduits dg diceij eigdraftedi fih oidwcjhnj `daajr`j jitjrtfeiajitfih sd`efc ijtwdroein.

 's dg 9? <fr`k 13?? tkj jsteaftjh tdtfc iualjr dg Eitjrijt usjrs wfs 1.3C7 leccedi(93.1U dg wdrch pdpucftedi). Et es jsteaftjh tkft ei ?CC9 tkj Eitjrijt `frrejh dicy ?U dgtkj eigdraftedi gcdwein tkrdunk twd-wfy tjcj`daauie`ftedi ly 1333 tkes genurj kfhnrdwi td 7?U fih ly 133H adrj tkfi CHU dg fcc tjcj`daauie`ftjh eigdraftedi wfs

`frrejh dvjr tkj Eitjrijt.Xj`idcdn

 's usjr hftf es prd`jssjh tkrdunk tkj prdtd`dc stf`o jf`k flstrf`tedi cfyjr fhhsji`fpsucftedi eigdraftedi ft tkj sjihein kdst. ftf es trfisaettjh dvjr tkj werj ft tkjceio cjvjc ljtwjji kdsts fih rdutjrs. Ji`fpsucftedi es rjadvjh ly tkj rj`jevein kdst.Eitjrajheftj rjcfys uphftj ceio ji`fpsucftedi ft jf`k kdp fih eispj`t tkj E" cfyjr gdrrdutein purpdsjs.Jineijjrein Xf*. 0dr`j (&JX0"5

Page 94: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 94/155

Xkj EJX> `dihu`ts stfihfrh-sjttein wdro nrdups dpji td fiy eihevehufc fldut tkjvfredus fspj`ts dg Eitjrijt fr`ketj`turj. +jsuctein hes`ussedis fih stfihfrhs frjpulceskjh ei f sjrejs dg pulce`ftedis jf`k `fccjh f +jqujst gdr %daajits (+>%) grjjcyfvfecflcj di tkj EJX> wjl setj.Xkj cfyjrs `drrjspdih td tkj jiverdiajit dr s`dpj ei wke`k tkjer sjrve`js dpjrftj. 't

tkj tdp es tkj fppce`ftedi cfyjr tkj spf`j gdr tkj fppce`ftedi-spj`ege` ijtwdroeinajtkdhs usjh ei sdgtwfrj fppce`ftedis$jcdw tkes tdp cfyjr tkj trfispdrt cfyjr `diij`ts fppce`ftedis di heggjrjit kdsts wetk fcdne`fc `kfiijc tkrdunk tkj ijtwdro wetk fpprdpreftj hftf j&`kfinj ajtkdhs.5ihjrcyein tkjsj cfyjrs frj tkj ijtwdroein tj`kidcdnejs tkft eitjr`diij`t ijtwdros fttkjer ldrhjrs fih kdsts vef tkj pkyse`fc `diij`tedis. Xkj eitjrijt cfyjr jiflcjs`daputjrs td ehjitegy fih cd`ftj jf`k dtkjr vef Eitjrijt "rdtd`dc (E") fhhrjssjs fihrdutjs tkjer trfgge` vef eitjrajheftj (trfiset) ijtwdros.8fst ft tkj ldttda dg tkj fr`ketj`turj es tkj ceio cfyjr wke`k prdvehjs `diij`tevetyljtwjji kdsts di tkj sfaj ijtwdro ceio su`k fs f pkyse`fc `diij`tedi ei gdra dgf cd`fc frjf ijtwdro (8'#) dr f hefc-up `diij`tedi.

Xkj adhjc fcsd oidwi fs X%"4E" es hjsenijh td lj eihjpjihjit dg tkj uihjrcyeinkfrhwfrj wke`k tkj adhjc tkjrjgdrj hdjs idt `di`jri etsjcg wetk ei fiy hjtfec. tkjradhjcs kfvj ljji hjvjcdpjh su`k fs tkj pji *ystjas Eitjr`diij`tedi (*E) adhjctkft fttjapt td lj `daprjkjisevj ei jvjry fspj`t dg `daauie`ftedis. kecj afiyseaecfretejs j&est ljtwjji tkj adhjcs tkjy frj idt `dapftelcj ei tkj hjtfecs dghjs`reptedi dr eapcjajitftedi= eihjjh X%"4E" prdtd`dcs frj usufccy ei`cuhjh ei tkjhes`ussedi dg *E ijtwdroein.Xkj adst prdaeijit `dapdijit dg tkj Eitjrijt adhjc es tkj Eitjrijt "rdtd`dc (E") wke`kprdvehjs fhhrjssein systjas (E" fhhrjssjs) gdr `daputjrs di tkj Eitjrijt.E" jiflcjs eitjrijtwdroein fih ei jssji`j jstflceskjs tkj Eitjrijt etsjcg. Eitjrijt"rdtd`dc 0jrsedi : (E"v:) es tkj eietefc vjrsedi usjh di tkj gerst njijrftedi dg tkj Eitjrijtfih es stecc ei hdaeifit usj.E"vL es idt herj`tcy eitjrdpjrflcj ly hjseni wetk E"v:. Ei jssji`j et jstflceskjs fpfrfccjc vjrsedi dg tkj Eitjrijt idt herj`tcy f``jsselcj wetk E"v: sdgtwfrj.Xkes ajfis sdgtwfrj upnrfhjs dr trfiscftdr gf`ecetejs frj ij`jssfry gdr ijtwdroeinhjve`js tkft ijjh td `daauie`ftj di ldtk ijtwdros.Eihjjh tkj Eitjrijt es hjgeijh ly ets eitjr`diij`tedis fih rdutein pdce`ejs

\du!einEitjrijt pf`ojt rdutein es f``dapceskjh fadin vfredus tejrs dg Eitjrijt sjrve`jprdvehjrs.%daputjrs fih rdutjrs usj f rdutein tflcj ei tkjer dpjrftein systja td herj`t E" pf`ojtstd tkj ij&t-kdp rdutjr dr hjsteiftedi. +dutein tflcjs frj afeitfeijh ly afiufc

`digenurftedi dr futdafte`fccy ly rdutein prdtd`dcs .8frnj drnfie!ftedis su`k fsf`fhjae` eistetutedis cfrnj jitjrpresjs fih ndvjriajits afy pjrgdra tkj sfajgui`tedi fs E*"s jinfnein ei pjjrein fih pur`kfsein trfiset di ljkfcg dg tkjer eitjrifcijtwdros. +jsjfr`k ijtwdros tjih td eitjr`diij`t wetk cfrnj sul-ijtwdros su`kfs ,J'#X ,8+E' Eitjrijt1 fih tkj 5GOs iftedifc rjsjfr`k fih jhu`ftediijtwdro M'#JX.Njijrfc *!ru`!urj

Page 95: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 95/155

<fiy `daputjr s`ejitests hjs`relj tkj Eitjrijt fs f Vpreaj j&fapcj dg f cfrnj-s`fcjkenkcy jineijjrjh yjt kenkcy `dapcj& systjaV. Xkj stru`turj wfs gduih td lj kenkcyrdlust td rfihda gfecurjs yjt vjry vucijrflcj td kenk hjnrjj fttf`os. Xkj Eitjrijt eskjtjrdnjijdus= gdr eistfi`j hftf trfisgjr rftjs fih pkyse`fc `kfrf`tjreste`s dg`diij`tedis vfry wehjcy fih j&kelets jajrnjit pkjidajif tkft hjpjih di ets cfrnj-

s`fcj drnfie!ftedi.&i!jrij! Nd)jrifi`jXkj Eitjrijt es f ,cdlfccy estrelutjh #jtwdro `dapresein afiy vdcuitfrecyeitjr`diij`tjh futdidadus ijtwdros. Et dpjrftjs wetkdut f `jitrfc ndvjriein ldhy.Xkj tj`kie`fc uihjrpeiiein fih stfihfrhe!ftedi dg tkj EitjrijtOs `drj prdtd`dcs (E"v:fih E"vL) es fi f`tevety dg tkj Eitjrijt Jineijjrein Xfso >dr`j (EJX>) f idi-prdgetdrnfie!ftedi dg cddsjcy fggeceftjh eitjriftedifc pfrte`epfits tkft fiydij afy fssd`eftjwetk ly `ditrelutein tj`kie`fc j&pjrtesj.Xd afeitfei eitjrdpjrflecety tkj prei`epfc ifaj spf`js dg tkj Eitjrijt frj fhaeiestjrjhly tkj Eitjrijt %drpdrftedi gdr 'ssenijh #fajs fih #ualjrs (E%'##) kjfhqufrtjrjhei <freif jc +fy %fcegdrief. E%'## es tkj futkdrety tkft `ddrheiftjs tkj fsseniajit dg

uiequj ehjitegejrs gdr usj di tkj Eitjrijt ei`cuhein hdafei ifajs Eitjrijt "rdtd`dc (E")fhhrjssjs fppce`ftedi pdrt iualjrs ei tkj trfispdrt prdtd`dcs fih afiy dtkjrpfrfajtjrs.Xj &i!jrij! %d`ej! (&%D@"Xkj Eitjrijt *d`ejty (E*%) wfs gduihjh ei ?CC1 wetk f aessedi td Vfssurj tkj dpjihjvjcdpajit jvdcutedi fih usj dg tkj Eitjrijt gdr tkj ljijget dg fcc pjdpcj tkrdunkduttkj wdrchV.Ets ajaljrs ei`cuhj eihevehufcs (fiydij afy dei) fs wjcc fs `drpdrftedisdrnfie!ftedis ndvjriajits fih uievjrsetejs.Adhjri u*j*Xkj Eitjrijt fccdws nrjftjr gcj&elecety ei wdroein kdurs fih cd`ftedi jspj`efccy wetk tkjsprjfh dg ui-ajtjrjh kenk-spjjh `diij`tedis.Xkj Eitjrijt `fi lj f``jssjh fcadst fiywkjrj ly iuajrdus ajfis ei`cuheintkrdunk adlecj Eitjrijt hjve`js.<dlecj pkdijs hftf `frhs kfihkjch nfaj `disdcjs fih `jccucfr rdutjrs fccdw usjrs td`diij`t td tkj Eitjrijt werjcjsscy. etkei tkj ceaetftedis eapdsjh ly safcc s`rjjis fih dtkjr ceaetjh gf`ecetejs dg su`kpd`ojt-se!jh hjve`js tkj sjrve`js dg tkj Eitjrijt ei`cuhein jafec fih tkj wjl afy ljfvfecflcj. *jrve`j prdvehjrs afy rjstre`t tkj sjrve`js dggjrjh fih adlecj hftf `kfrnjsafy lj seniege`fitcy kenkjr tkfi dtkjr f``jss ajtkdhs.Jhu`ftedifc aftjrefc ft fcc cjvjcs grda prj-s`kddc td pdst-hd`tdrfc es fvfecflcj grdawjlsetjs.>dr hestfi`j jhu`ftedi kjcp wetk kdajwdro fih dtkjr fsseniajits sjcg-nuehjhcjfriein wkecein fwfy spfrj teaj dr ust cddoein up adrj hjtfec di fi eitjrjstein gf`t etkfs ijvjr ljji jfsejr gdr pjdpcj td f``jss jhu`ftedifc eigdraftedi ft fiy cjvjc grdafiywkjrj. Xkj Eitjrijt ei njijrfc fih tkj drch ehj jl ei pfrte`ucfr frj eapdrtfitjiflcjrs dg ldtk gdrafc fih eigdrafc jhu`ftedi.

<jssfnjs `fi lj j&`kfinjh jvji adrj que`ocy fih `divjiejitcy tkfi vef jafec.$useijss fih prdj`t tjfas `fi skfrj `fcjihfrs fs wjcc fs hd`uajits fih dtkjreigdraftedi.

Page 96: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 96/155

Xkj Eitjrijt fccdws `daputjr usjrs td rjadtjcy f``jss dtkjr `daputjrs fih eigdraftedistdrjs jfsecy wkjrjvjr tkjy afy lj.

 'i dgge`j wdrojr fwfy grda tkjer hjso pjrkfps di tkj dtkjr sehj dg tkj wdrch di fluseijss trep dr f kdcehfy `fi f``jss tkjer jafecs f``jss tkjer hftf usein `cduh`daputein dr dpji f rjadtj hjsotdp sjssedi eitd tkjer dgge`j "% usein f sj`urj 0ertufc

"revftj #jtwdro (0"#) `diij`tedi di tkj Eitjrijt.%jr)e`j*6drch 6ehj 6j-Xkes #j]X %daputjr wfs usjh lyXea $jrijrs-8jj ft %J+# fih lj`faj tkj wdrchOsgerst jl sjrvjr.<fiy pjdpcj usj tkj tjras Eitjrijt fih drch ehj jl dr ust tkj jleitjr`kfinjflcy lut tkj twd tjras frj idt syidiyadus.Xkj drch ehj jl es dicy dij dg kuihrjhs dg sjrve`js usjh di tkj Eitjrijt.Xkj jl es f ncdlfc sjt dg hd`uajits eafnjs fih dtkjr rjsdur`js cdne`fccyeitjrrjcftjh ly kypjrceios fih rjgjrji`jh wetk 5iegdra +jsdur`j Ehjitegejrs (5+Es).5+Es syaldce`fccy ehjitegy sjrve`js sjrvjrs fih dtkjr hftflfsjs fih tkj hd`uajits

fih rjsdur`js tkft tkjy `fi prdvehj.6ypjrtj&t Xrfisgjr "rdtd`dc (6XX") es tkj afei f``jss prdtd`dc dg tkj drch ehjjl. jl sjrve`js fcsd usj 6XX" td fccdw sdgtwfrj systjas td `daauie`ftj ei drhjrtd skfrj fih j&`kfinj luseijss cdne` fih hftf.6drch 6ehj 6j- -rd+*jr *dg!+frjdrch ehj jl lrdwsjr sdgtwfrj su`k fs <e`rdsdgtOs Eitjrijt J&pcdrjr <d!eccf>erjgd& pjrf 'ppcjOs *fgfre fih ,ddncj %krdaj cjts usjrs ifvenftj grda dij wjlpfnj td fidtkjr vef kypjrceios jaljhhjh ei tkj hd`uajits. Xkjsj hd`uajits afyfcsd `ditfei fiy `daleiftedi dg `daputjr hftf ei`cuhein nrfpke`ssduihs tj&t vehjd aucteajhef fih eitjrf`tevj `ditjit tkft ruis wkecj tkj usjr eseitjrf`tein wetk tkj pfnj. %cejit-sehj sdgtwfrj `fi ei`cuhj fieaftedis nfajs dgge`jfppce`ftedis fih s`ejitege` hjadistrftedis.Xkrdunk ojywdrh-hrevji Eitjrijt rjsjfr`k usein sjfr`k jineijs ceoj fkddZ 'ih,ddncj usjrs wdrchwehj kfvj jfsy eistfit f``jss td f vfst fih hevjrsj faduit dgdiceij eigdraftedi.%dapfrjh td preitjh ajhef lddos ji`y`cdpjhefs fih trfhetedifc celrfrejs tkj drchehj jl kfs jiflcjh tkj hj`jitrfce!ftedi dg eigdraftedi di f cfrnj s`fcj.Ru-ce* ehjf*Xkj jl kfs fcsd jiflcjh eihevehufcs fih drnfie!ftedis td pulcesk ehjfs fiheigdraftedi td f pdtjitefccy cfrnj fuheji`j diceij ft nrjftcy rjhu`jh j&pjisj fih teajhjcfy. "ulceskein f wjl pfnj f lcdn dr luechein f wjlsetj eivdcvjs cettcj eietefc `dst fihafiy `dst-grjj sjrve`js frj fvfecflcj. "ulceskein fih afeitfeiein cfrnj prdgjssedifcwjl setjs wetk fttrf`tevj hevjrsj fih up-td-hftj eigdraftedi es stecc f hegge`uct fihj&pjisevj prdpdsetedi kdwjvjr.Fh)jr!e*ein

 'hvjrtesein di pdpucfr wjl pfnjs `fi lj cu`rftevj fih j-`daajr`j dr tkj sfcj dgprdhu`ts fih sjrve`js herj`tcy vef tkj jl `diteiujs td nrdw.@daauie`f!ediJafec es fi eapdrtfit `daauie`ftedis sjrve`j fvfecflcj di tkj Eitjrijt.

Page 97: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 97/155

Xkj `di`jpt dg sjihein jcj`trdie` tj&t ajssfnjs ljtwjji pfrtejs ei f wfy fifcdndus tdafecein cjttjrs dr ajads prjhftjs tkj `rjftedi dg tkj Eitjrijt."e`turjs hd`uajits fih dtkjr gecjs frj sjit fs jafec fttf`kajits. Jafecs `fi lj ``-jh td auctepcj jafec fhhrjssjs.Eitjrijt tjcjpkdiy es fidtkjr `daadi `daauie`ftedis sjrve`j afhj pdsselcj ly tkj

`rjftedi dg tkj Eitjrijt.0dE" stfihs gdr 0de j-dvjr-Eitjrijt "rdtd`dc rjgjrrein td tkj prdtd`dc tkft uihjrcejs fccEitjrijt `daauie`ftedi. Xkj ehjf ljnfi ei tkj jfrcy ?CC3s wetk wfcoej-tfcoej-ceoj vde`jfppce`ftedis gdr pjrsdifc `daputjrs.8d&R (8de`j7d)jr7 &i!jrij! Rrd!d`dc"0dE" es afturein eitd f `dapjtetevj fctjriftevj td trfhetedifc tjcjpkdij sjrve`j.Eitjrdpjrflecety ljtwjji heggjrjit prdvehjrs kfs eaprdvjh fih tkj flecety td `fcc drrj`jevj f `fcc grda f trfhetedifc tjcjpkdij es fvfecflcj. *eapcj eij&pjisevj 0dE"ijtwdro fhfptjrs frj fvfecflcj tkft jceaeiftj tkj ijjh gdr f pjrsdifc `daputjr.0de`j qufcety `fi stecc vfry grda `fcc td `fcc lut es dgtji jqufc td fih `fi jvji j&`jjhtkft dg trfhetedifc `fccs. +jafeiein prdlcjas gdr 0dE" ei`cuhj jajrnji`y tjcjpkdij

iualjr hefcein fih rjceflecety.%urrjitcy f gjw 0dE" prdvehjrs prdvehj fi jajrnji`y sjrve`j lut et es idt uievjrsfccyfvfecflcj.Hf!f !rfi*gjr >ecj skfrein es fi j&fapcj dg trfisgjrrein cfrnj faduits dg hftf f`rdss tkj Eitjrijt.

 ' `daputjr gecj `fi lj jafecjh td `ustdajrs `dccjfnujs fih grejihs fs fi fttf`kajit.Et `fi lj upcdfhjh td f wjlsetj dr >X" sjrvjr gdr jfsy hdwicdfh ly dtkjrs. Et `fi ljput eitd f Vskfrjh cd`ftediV dr ditd f gecj sjrvjr gdr eistfit usj ly `dccjfnujs.Xkj cdfh dg luco hdwicdfhs td afiy usjrs `fi lj jfsjh ly tkj usj dg VaerrdrV sjrvjrsdr pjjr-td-pjjr ijtwdrosF``j** fih du!fnj*%daadi ajtkdhs dg Eitjrijt f``jss ei kdajs ei`cuhj hefc-upcfihceij lrdfhlfih(dvjr `df&efc `flcj geljr dpte` dr `dppjr werjs) e->e sftjccetj fih 9,4:, tj`kidcdny `jcc pkdijs. "ulce` pcf`js td usj tkj Eitjrijt ei`cuhjcelrfrejs fih Eitjrijt `fgjs wkjrj `daputjrs wetk Eitjrijt `diij`tedis frj fvfecflcj.Xkjrj frj fcsd Eitjrijt f``jss pdeits ei afiy pulce` pcf`js su`k fs ferpdrt kfccs fih`dggjj skdps ei sdaj `fsjs ust gdr lrejg usj wkecj stfihein. 0fredus tjras frj usjhsu`k fs Vpulce` Eitjrijt oedsoV Vpulce` f``jss tjraeifcV fih Vjl pfypkdijV.Z*jr*vjrfcc Eitjrijt usfnj kfs sjji trjajihdus nrdwtk. >rda 1333 td 133C tkj iualjr dg Eitjrijt usjrs ncdlfccy rdsj grda 9C: aeccedi td ?.A7A leccedi. $y 13?3 11 pjr`jit dg tkjwdrchOs pdpucftedi kfh f``jss td `daputjrs wetk ? leccedi ,ddncj sjfr`kjs jvjry hfy933 aeccedi Eitjrijt usjrs rjfhein lcdns fih 1 leccedi vehjds vejwjh hfecy di duXulj.%d`efc eapf`!Xkj Eitjrijt kfs jiflcjh jiterjcy ijw gdras dg sd`efc eitjrf`tedi f`tevetejs fihdrnfie!ein tkfios td ets lfse` gjfturjs su`k fs wehjsprjfh usflecety fih f``jss.*d`efc ijtwdroein fih jitjrtfeiajit.%d`efc ij!+dr.ein

Page 98: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 98/155

*d`efc ijtwdroein wjlsetjs su`k fs >f`jlddo Xwettjr fih <y*pf`j kfvj `rjftjh ijwwfys td sd`efce!j fih eitjrf`t. *etjs ceoj 8eiojhEi gdstjr `daajr`efc fih luseijss`diij`tedis. duXulj fih >ce`or spj`efce!j ei usjrsO vehjds fih pkdtdnrfpks.Xkj Eitjrijt kfs ljji f afdr dutcjt gdr cjesurj f`tevety sei`j ets ei`jptediXdhfy afiy Eitjrijt gdruas kfvj sj`tedis hjvdtjh td nfajs fih guiiy vehjds= skdrt

`frtddis ei tkj gdra dg >cfsk advejs frj fcsd pdpucfr @-jr*j`!frefie*a%yljrsj`tfrefiesa es f ijw drnfie!ftedifc gdra wke`k eivdcvjs Vkenkcy hespjrsjh safccnrdups dg prf`tetedijrs tkft afy rjafei cfrnjcy fidiyadus wetkei tkj cfrnjr sd`efc`ditj&t fih dpjrftj ei rjcftevj sj`rj`y wkecj stecc ceiojh rjadtjcy td f cfrnjr ijtwdro dgljcejvjrs wkd skfrj f sjt dg prf`te`js fih tj&ts fih dgtji f `daadi hjvdtedi td fpfrte`ucfr cjfhjr. %dccj`tevjcy ajaljrs fih prf`tetedijrs dg su`k sj`ts `distru`t veflcjvertufc `daauietejs dg gfetk j&`kfinein pjrsdifc tjsteadiejs fih jinfnein ei `dccj`tevjstuhy vef jafec di-ceij `kft rddas fih wjl-lfsjh ajssfnj ldfrhs.W&i!jrij! -cf`.du! dr du!fnj

 'i Eitjrijt lcf`odut dr dutfnj `fi lj `fusjh ly cd`fc senifcein eitjrruptedis.

esruptedis dg sulafreij `daauie`ftedis `flcjs afy `fusj lcf`oduts dr scdwhdwis tdcfrnj frjfs su`k fs ei tkj 133A sulafreij `flcj hesruptedi. 8jss-hjvjcdpjh `duitrejsfrj adrj vucijrflcj huj td f safcc iualjr dg kenk-`fpf`ety ceios.8fih `flcjs frj fcsdvucijrflcj fs ei 13?? wkji f wdafi hennein gdr s`rfp ajtfc sjvjrjh adst `diij`tevetygdr tkj iftedi dg 'rajief.

@ji*dr*ep&i!jrij! `ji*dr*ep - `dui!r

*ulstfitefc `jisdrskep  *jcj`tevj `jisdrskep  %kfinein setuftedi  8ettcj dr id jisdrskep

  #dt `cfssegejh 4 id hftfRjr)f*e)j `ji*dr*ep*daj ndvjriajits su`k fs tkdsj dg $uraf Erfi#drtk Gdrjf tkj <feicfih%keif *fuhe 'rflef fih tkj 5ietjh 'rfl Jaerftjs rjstre`t wkft pjdpcj ei tkjer `duitrejs`fi f``jss di tkj Eitjrijt jspj`efccy pdcete`fc fih rjcenedus `ditjit. Xkes esf``dapceskjh tkrdunk sdgtwfrj tkft gectjrs hdafeis fih `ditjit sd tkft tkjy afy idt ljjfsecy f``jssjh dr dltfeijh wetkdut jcfldrftj `er`uavjitedi.

&i!jrij! JEpcdrjr J&pcdrj tkj EitjrijtEitjrijt J&pcdrjr lrein afiy gjfturjs td eihdws jsotdp.Xkj flecety td lrdwsj tkj jl grda fiywkjrj di ydur `daputjr tkj `ustdae!flcj 8eiostddclfr tkj J&pcdrjr lfr tkj `ditjit 'hvesdr fih sj`urety !dijs gdr lrdwsein tkj jlsfgjcy.Nj!!ein *!fr!jhetk fi eitjrijt `diij`tedi fih Eitjrijt J&pcdrjr ydu geih fih vejw eigdraftedi fldutfiytkein di tkj wjl.Lf*e` *j! up

Page 99: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 99/155

Eg ydu frjiOt `diij`tjh td tkj Eitjrijt dr ydu wfit td `rjftj f ijw `diij`tedi `ce`o tkjceio%j! up fi &i!jrij! @diij`!ediXkj Eitjrijt `diij`tedi e!frh wecc prdvehj ydu fi jfsy wfy td njt `diij`tjh td tkjEitjrijt.

Adhjc uj*!edi* fih Fi*+jr* di &i!jrij!?. Xkj vfst ijtwdro dg `daputjrs tkft `diij`ts aeccedis dg pjdpcj fcc dvjr tkj wdrch es`fccjh/ 'is. Eitjrijt1. ' usjr `fi njt gecjs grda fidtkjr `daputjr di tkj eitjrijt ly usein(?) 6X" (1) 6XX" (9) 5X" (:) >X" (7) ,eg'is (:) >X"

9. Xkj ojy gejchs wke`k frj tjstjh ly f pf`ojt gectjrein gerjwfcc frj.(?) *dur`j E" fhhrjss (1) X%"45" sdur`j pdrt (9) hjsteiftedi E" fhhrjss (:) 'cc tkjfldvj (7) #dij dg tkjsj'is (:) 'cc tkj fldvj:. 5sj ijt hes`ussedi nrdups kfvj tkjer dwi systja dg drnfie!ftedi td kjcp ydu geihtkeins ust fs (?) Eitjrijt J&`jc (1) 'r`kej (9) ,dpkjr (:) 5X" (7) #dij dg tkjsj

 'is (?)Eitjrijt J&`jc7. jlsetj es f `dccj`tedi dg.(?) 6X<8 hd`uajits (1) nrfpke` gecjs (9) 'uhed fih vehjd gecjs (:) fcc dg tkj fldvj (7)#dij dg tkjsj 'i* (:)L. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein prdtd`dcs es usjh gdr

(?) gtp (1) kttp (9) kttp www (:) hlg (7) ,eg 'is (1)kttpH. Xkj gerst ijtwdro tkft gdrajh eietefc eitjrijt wfs .(?) #*> ijt (1) 0ijt (9) '+"'#JX (:) Eijt (7) J-#JX 'is (9)'+"'#JX A. <dst hd`uajits tkft fppjfr di tkj drch ehj jl frj wrettji ei (?) 6ypjrtj&t <froup 8finufnj (?) 0esufc $fse` (1) Mfwf(:) rf`cj (7) %SS 'is. (?)C. E*# es tkj . *jrve`js enetfc #jtwdro wke`k fccdws suls`reljrs td spjfo td pfrtejsgf`j td gf`j.(?) Eitjriftedifc (1) Eitjnrftjh (9) Eihefi (:) Eitjnrfc (7) Eitjr`diij`tjh

 'is. (1) Eitjnrftjh?3. kft hdjs F#X; ei eihdws #X stfihs gdr(?) #jtwdro Xeaj (1) #jts`fpj (9) #jtwdro Xj`kidcdny (:) #jw Xj`kidcdny (7) J-#JX

 'is(9) #jtwdro Xj`kidcdny

??.ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein kfs ljji `rjftjh ly rjsjfr`k gf`ecety dg enetfc Jcj`trdie`%drpdrftedi dg 5*' 'is. fkdd 'ctf vestf 2 jl %rfwcjr ?1. 6dt afec f grjj wjl lfsjh j-afec sjrve`j es dpjrftjh ly wke`k dg tkj gdccdwein%dapfiejs(f). 'ppcj (l) +jhegg (`) <e`rdsdgt (h) fkdd (j) nddncj'is (`)?9. kft es sdp-cjvjc hdafei ifaj dg tkj gdccdwein 5+8kttp.44www.yfkdd.`da4afec4hjgfuct.fsp(f). kttp (l) www (`) yfkdd (h) .`da (j) .fspFi*/ (`" fdd

Page 100: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 100/155

?:. .frj wjl fhhrjssjs tkft usjrs kfvj fsojh wjl lrdwsjr td rjajaljr gdr`divjiejit f``jss ei guturj.(f). >fvdretjs (l) 5+8 (`) kypjrceio (h) dafei ifaj (j) #dij dg tkjsj'is (f)?7. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein sjrvjrs kfvj kdstjh tkj gerst drch ehj jl ei 'un?CC?(f) E$< (l) 'ppcj (`) nddncj.`da (h) eigd.`jri.`k (j) yfkdd.`da 'is. (h)

?L. kd wfs tkj $retesk %daputjr "rdnrfaajr hjsenijh tkj .(f) Xea $dijrs 8jj (l) *tjv Mdls (` ) *tjv 0dsief` (h) Mdwfie Gfrcdsj (j) #dij dgtkjsj 'is(f) Xea $dijrs 8jj?H. <fp@ujst fih fkddZ 'rj j&fapcjs dg *dgtwfrj f) Jitjrtfeiajit l) jl-lfsjh fppce`ftedi `) jhu`ftedifc h) <ucte ajhef j)#dij dgtkjsj 'isl) jl-lfsjh fppce`ftedi?A.' lrdwsjr es f

 'is. *dgtwfrj prdnrfa jspj`efccy hjsenijh gdr vejwein wjl pfnjs di tkj Eitjrijt.?C. kft es tkj tjra gdr uisdce etjh j-afec/ 'is. *pfa13.Xkj dhj gdr f wjl pfnj es wrettji usein../ 'is. 6ypjrtj&t1?. kft es J-$fioein'is. J-$fioein eapcejs prdvesedis dg $fioein prdhu`ts fih

sjrve`js tkrdunk jcj`trdie` hjcevjry `kfiijcs ceoj 'X< pkdij Eitjrijt <dlecj pkdijsjt`.11. $y `ce`oein di tkes e`di dij `fi f``jss tkj ijtwdrojh rjsdur`js. Xkes e`di es

 'is. %diij`t td Eitjrijt19. ' aucte purpdsj weihdw wke`k dpjis ijfrcy gdr jvjrytkein es 'is. $rdwsjrweihdw1:. kft es ajfit ly '8 'is. (f) 'ajre`f i-8eij usjh td lj tkj cfrnjst $uccjtei $dfrh systja ei tkj wdrch. (l)etk tkj fhvjit dg '8.v9.3 '8 kfs lj`daj tkj cfrnjst E#XJ+#JX prdvehjr ei tkjdrch (`) '8 es fcsd tkj cfrnjst prdvehjr dg $cfio esojttjs ei tkj drch (h) '8 esfvfecflcj dicy ei cfrnj ajtrd frjfs (j) 'cc tkjsj'is (j)17.ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein kfs ljji `rjftjh ly rjsjfr`k gf`ecety dg enetfc Jcj`trdie`%drpdrftedi dg 5*'

 'is. fkdd 'ctf vestf 2 jl %rfwcjr 1L. >erjwfcc es usjh ei `daauie`ftedi ijtwdro 4 systja td sfvj grda ./ 'is. 5ifutkdre!jh fttf`o1H. kft es wjl `fstein/ 'is. Xrfisaettein tkj 0ehjd fih 'uhed di tkj eitjrijt.1A.kft es tkj gui`tedi dg f adhja/ 'is. %divjrts fifcdn senifcs td henetfcs fih ve j vjrsf.1C.#jtwdroein usein gelrj dpte` `flcj es hdij fs/ 'is. f).et kfs kenk lfih wehtk l). et es tkei fih cenkt ). et es idt fggj`tjh ly jcj`trd-afnijte` eitjrgjrji`j4pdwjr surnjs jt`.(h) 'cc dg tkjsj ('is (h) fcc dg tkjsj)93. %digjrji`j (ijt s`fpj) ijt ajjtein (eitjrijt j&pcdrjr) jiflcjs / 'is. 8evj rjfc teaj %digjrji`ein9?. j-`daajr`j usjs tkj gdccdwein ojy stfihfrhs 4 tj`kidcdnejs/ 'is. JE (Jcj`trdie` ftf Eitjr`kfinj)91. ke`k prdnrfa es afhj ly <e`rdsdgt fih jaljhhjh wetk eihdws fih usjh tdvejw jl d`uajit/ 'is. Eitjrijt J&pcdrjr  

Page 101: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 101/155

99. kft es tkj ifaj dg tkj sdgtwfrj tkft fccdws us td lrdwsj tkrdunk wjl pfnjs/ 'is. $rdwsjr  9:. ke`k es tkj prdtd`dc futdafte`fccy fsseni E" fhhrjss td jf`k `daputjr fs ijjhjhly tkj ijtwdro fhaeiestrftdr / 'is. 6%"97. ' sjt dg sj`urety prdnrfas tkft prdtj`t f `daputjr grda dutsehj eitjrgjrji`js dr

f``jss vef eitjrijt es. / 'is. >erj wfcc9L. ke`k es tkj kypjrtj&t trfisgjr prdtd`dc wke`k es nevein eapdrtfi`j td sj`urety dgtjiusjh ei eitrf `dapfiy eitjrijt setjs / 'is. 6XX"*9H. "> es tkj f`rdiya gdr ../ 'is. "drtflcj d`uajit >draft9A. ke`k es tkj uiequj fhhrjss wke`k ehjitegy f `daputjr ei f ijtwdro/ 'is. E " fhhrjss9C. Ei wke`k tdpdcdny auctepcj `daauie`ftedi `kfiijc j&ests ljtwjji idhjs/ 'is. <jsk:3. ke k prdtd`dc es usjh gdr sjihein j-afec ../ 'is. *<X":?. #faj tkj eitjrijt sjrve j usjh gdr pulceskein dur ehjf 'is. $cdnnein:1. Eitrdhu`ein eitd f wjlsetj wetkdut pjraessedi es../ 'is. 6f`oein

:9. ke`k es tkj hjve`j usjh ei ijtwdro gdr strjintkjiein dr fapcegyein tkj senifc / 'is. +jpjftjr  ::. kd es f 0erus 'utkdr/ 'is. Xkj prdnrfaajr dg f verus wkd eitjitedifccy wretjs f verus prdnrfa.:7. kft es f 0erus/ 'is. Et es f pdtjitefccy hfafnein daputjr prdnrfa tkft fggj`ts dr eigj`ts f`daputjr ijnftevjcy ly fctjrein tkj wfy tkj `daputjr wdros wetkdut tkj usjrsoidwcjhnj dr pjraessedi.:L. kft es ajfit ly Xrdfi 6drsj/ 'is. Et es f afce edus - cdne prdnrfa tkft kehjs wetkei dr cddo ceoj f cjneteaftjprdnrfa su`k fs f s`rjji sfvjr.:H. kft es fi 'iteverus prdnrfa/ 'is. Et es f utecety tkft prdtj`ts `daputjr fnfeist verusjs ly ehjitegyein fihrjadvein fiy `daputjr verusjs gduih ei ajadry di stdrfnj ajhef dr di ei`daeingecjs.:A. Eitjrijt tjcjpkdiy es fcsd `fccjh fs./ 'is. 0de`j dvjr E":C. Xdhfy Jtkjrijt es tkj adst pdpucfr 8'# tj`kidcdny lj`fusj../ 'is. Et es rjcftevjcy eij&pjisevj fih jfsy td eistfcc fih afeitfei.73. -----kfs ljji fhdptjh fs f ijtwdro stfihfrh gdr Eitjrijt `daauie`ftedis./ 'is. X%"4E"7?. Xypjs dg werjh kdaj ijtwdros ei`cuhjs fcc dg tkj gdccdwein j&`jpt../ 'is. (f) Jtkjrijt (l) "dwjrceij `flcj ( ) "kdijceij (h) E->e (j) #dij dg tkjsj

 'is (h) e->e71. kft es f ijws nrdup 'is. Et es fi diceij frjf ei wke`k usjrs kfvj wrettjihes`ussedis fldut f pfrte`ucfr sulj`t.79. ' typj dg "jjr td "jjr ijtwdro `fccjh "1" gecj skfrein #jtwdro hjs`reljs=

 'is. 'i eitjrijt ijtwdro di wke`k usjrs `diij`t herj`tcy td jf`k dtkjr;s kfrh hes`s fihj&`kfinj gecjs dvjr tkj Eitjrijt.7:. kft es f ijtwdro tdpdcdny

Page 102: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 102/155

 'is. Et rjgjrs td tkj cfydut dg tkj `daputjrs fih hjve`js ei f `daauie`ftedi ijtwdro.77. kft es tkj gui`tedi dg f *8 adhja..

 'is. *jihs henetfc hftf fih eigdraftedi grda f `daputjr td f *8 ceij fih rj`jevjshenetfc hftf fih eigdraftedi grda f *8 ceij.7L. ----- `disests dg seincj dppjr werj surrduihjh ly ft cjfst tkrjj cfyjrs fi eisucftein

aftjrefc f wdvji dr lrfehjh ajtfc fih f pcfste` dutjr `dftein. 'is. %df&efc `flcj7H. kft es f setj ce`jisj 'is. (f) et es f cjnfc fnrjjajit tkft pjraet usjrs td eistfccsdgtwfrj di auctepcj `daputjrs usufccy ft f vdcuaj hes`duit (l) "dwjr ceij `flcj (`)"kdij ceij (h) E - >e (j) #dij dg tkjsj 'is. (f)7A. ke`k kfs ljji fhdptjh fs f ijtwdro stfihfrh gdr eitjrijt `daauie`ftedis

 'is. X%"4E".7C.>elrj dpte` `flcjs kfvj wke`k dg tkj gdccdwein fhvfitfnjs

 'is. 8dwjr `dsts jfsejr eistfccftedi fih adhege`ftediL3. ' pdpucfr typj dg fieaftedi `fccjh.`daleijs sjvjrfc eafnjs ei td f seincj ,E>gecj.'is. 'i fieaftjh ,E>

L?. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein ehjitegejs fiy ijtwdro lfsjh di tkj A31.?? gfaecy dgstfihfrhs/ 'is. e->e ( erjcjss >ehjcety).L1. kft es f #jtwdro Eitjrgf`j %frh (#E%) 'is. Et es fi fhfptjr "% `frh dr f >cfsk`frh tkft jiflcjs f `daputjr dr hjve`j td f``jss f ijtwdro.L9. kft hdjs drch wehj jl %disdrteua (9%)hd(f) vjrsjfs rjsjfr`k (l) sjt stfihfrhs (`) sjts nuehjceijs gdr afiy frjfs dg Eitjrijt(h) 'cc tkjsj (j) #dij dg tkjsj'is.(h) 'cc tkjsjL:. kft es Eitjrijt lf`oldij/ 'is. Xkj afdr frrejrs dg ijtwdro trfgge` di eitjrijtfrj `dccj`tevjcy fs tkj Eitjrijt lf`oldij.L7. 0esetdrs td wke`k `fi `ustdae!j fcc dr sdaj dg tkj `ditjits / 'is. yifae` jl pfnj.LL. kft es fieaftedi wke`k afiy wjl pfnjs usj/ 'is. Et es tkj fppjfrfi`j dgadtedi `rjftjh ly hespcfyein f sjrejs dg stecc eafnjs ei sjquji`j.LH. kft es *<X" (*eapcj <fec Xrfisgjr "rdtd`dc)/ 'is. Et es f `daauie`fteditj`kidcdny usjh ly sdaj dutndein afec sjrvjrs.LA. kft es upcdfhein ./ 'is. Et es tkj prd`jss dg trfisgjrrein hd`uajits nrfpke`sfih dtkjr dlj`ts grda f `daputjr td f sjrvjr di tkj eitjrijt.LC. ke k dg tkj gdccdwein frj tkj j&fapcjs dg `daauie`ftedi `kfiijcs 'is. (f)%flcj tjcjvesedi ceijs (l) Xjcjpkdij ceijs (`) ldtk (f) fih (l) (h) E->e (j) #dij dgtkjsj'is (`) ldtk (f) fih (l)H3. kft es f erjcjss Eistfit <jssfnj/ 'is. Et es f rjfc teaj `daauie`ftedi sjrve`j tkft fccdws werjcjss adlecj hjve`jstd j&`kfinj ajssfnjs wetk dij dr adrj adlecj hjve`js dr diceij usjrs.H?. kft es tkj pdpucfr usj dg e->e stfihfrhs/ 'is. Ei pulce` eitjrjst f``jss pdeits tkft dggjr adlecj tkj flecety td `diij`t td tkjeitjrijt wetk tkjer werjcjss `daputjrs fih hjve`js.H1. ke`k es jfsejr td eistfcc tkfi E*# fih prdvehjs au`k gfstjr hftf trfisgjr rftjs/ 'is. *8H9. ' wjl fhhrjss `disests dg wke`k dg tkj gdccdwein

Page 103: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 103/155

/ (f) ' prdtd`dc (l) dafei ifaj (`) tkj pftk td f spj ege` wjl pfnj (h) drcd`ftedi di f wjl pfnj (j) 'cc dg tkjsj 'is (j)H:. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein ijw gdraft wke`k afy jvjitufccy rjpcf`j tkj ,E> gdraft/ 'is. "#, gdraft.H7. i f stfr ijtwdro eg tkj kul gfecs tkj jiterj ijtwdro es.

/ 'is. Eidpjrflcj uitec tkj kul es rjpferjhHL. E*# rjquerjs./ 'is. Xkft ldtk jihs dg tkj `diij tedi kfvj fi E*# adhjaHH. kft es f dafei/ 'is. Et es tkj tj&t vjrsedi dg fi E" fhhrjss.HA. kft es f *jfr`k Jineij/ 'is. Et es f prdnrfa tkft geihs wjl setjs fih wjl pfnjs.HC. kft es jl cdn / 'is. Et es f wjlsetj tkft usjs f rjnucfrcy uphftjh durifc gdraft td rjgcj`t tkjeitjrjsts dpeiedis fih pjrsdifcetejs dg tkj futkdrs fih sdajteajs setj vesetdrs.A3. kft es f "cun ei/ 'is. Et es f prdnrfa tkft j&tjits tkj `fpflecety dg f lrdwsjr.A?. kft es f #jws nrdup/ 'is. Et es fi diceij frjf ei wke`k usjrs fi kfvjwrettji hes`ussedis fldut f pfrte`ucfr sulj`t.

A1. kft es f kdt pdt/ 'is. Et es f werjcjss ijtwdro tkft prdvehjs eitjrijt`diij`tedis td adlecj `daputjrs fih dtkjr hjve`js.A9. kft es X%"4E" ( Xrfisaessedi %ditrdc "rdtd`dc4Eitjrijt "rdtd`dc)

 'is. Et es f ijtwdro tj`kidcdny tkft hjgeijs kdw ajssfnjs frj rdutjh grda dij jih dg fijtwdro td tkj dtkjr jisurein tkft tkj hftf frrevjs `drrj`tcy ly hevehein et eitd pf`ojts.A:. kft es f `flcj adhja/ 'is. Et es f henetfc adhja tkft sjihs fih rj`jevjshenetfc hftf dvjr tkj `flcj tjcjvesedi (%'X0) ijtwdro.A7. kft es cftji`y ./ 'is. Et es tkj teaj f senifc tfojs td trfvjc grda dij cd`ftedi tdfidtkjr di ijtwdro.AL.kft es f ijtwdro tdpdcdny/ 'is. ' cfydut dg daputjrs fih hjve js ei f daauie`ftedi ijtwdroAH. Ei f wjl fhhrjss kttp stfihs gdr wkft/ 'is. Et stfihs gdr Fkypjr tj&t trfisgjrprdtd`dc; wke`k es f sjt dg rucjs tkft hjgeijs kdw pfnjs trfisgjr di tkj eitjrijt.AA. Eg ydur `daputjr ojjps rjlddtein etsjcg tkji et es ceojcy tkft(?) Et kfs f verus (1) et hdjs idt kfvj jidunk ajadry (9) Xkjrj es id preitjr (:) Xkjrjkfs ljji f pdwjr surnj (7) Et ijjhs f %-+<'is(?) Et kfs f verusAC. Ei <J<* .. (?) *jvjrfc henetfc senifcs frj auctepcejh (1) henetfc senifcs esfapcegejh (9) *jvjrfc henetfc senifcs frj afniegejh (:) ldtk (?) fih (1) (7) ' henetfc senifc`kfinjs sdaj `kfrf`tjreste` dg f `frrejr wfvj 'is (7)C3. Ei rjfcety EX rj`dnie!js dicy (?) ' pdstfc afec fhhrjss (1) f cd`ftedi dg kdst (9) 6ul (:) >X" (7) ,eg'is (9)C?. www ajfis(f) drch ehj dihjr (l) drch ehj e!frh (`) drch ehj jl (h) drch ehjft`k (j) #dij dg tkjsj 'is (`)C1. "rd`jssein es usjh wkji f cfrnj afec drhjr `dapfiy f``uaucftjs drhjrs fihprd`jssjs tkja tdnjtkjr ei dij cfrnj sjt(f) $ft`k (l) iceij (`) +jfc teaj (h) ,rdup (j) $ui`k.'is (f)C9. kft es wjl `fstein/ 'is. Xrfisaettein tkj 0ehjd fih 'uhed di tkj eitjrijt.C:.kft es tkj gui`tedi dg f adhja/ 'is. %divjrts fifcdn senifcs td henetfcs fih ve j vjrsf.

Page 104: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 104/155

C7.#jtwdroein usein gelrj dpte` `flcj es hdij fs 'is. f).et kfs kenk lfih wehtk l). et es tkei fih cenkt `). et es idt fggj`tjh ly jcj`trd-afnijte` eitjrgjrji`j4pdwjr surnjs jt`. (h) fcc dg tkjsj 'is (h) fcc tkjsjCL. %digjrji`j (ijt s`fpj) ijt ajjtein (eitjrijt j&pcdrjr) jiflcjs / 'is. 8evj rjfc teaj %digjrji`ein

CH. j-`daajr`j usjs tkj gdccdwein ojy stfihfrhs 4 tj`kidcdnejs/ 'is. JE (Jcj`trdie` ftf Eitjr`kfinj)CA. ke`k prdnrfa es afhj ly <e`rdsdgt fih jaljhhjh wetk eihdws fih usjh tdvejw jl d`uajit/ 'is. Eitjrijt J&pcdrjr CC. kft es tkj ifaj dg tkj sdgtwfrj tkft fccdws us td lrdwsj tkrdunk wjl pfnjs/ 'is. $rdwsjr  ?33. ke`k es tkj prdtd`dc futdafte`fccy fsseni E" fhhrjss td jf`k `daputjr fs ijjhjhly tkj ijtwdro fhaeiestrftdr / 'is. 6%"?3?. ' sjt dg sj`urety prdnrfas tkft prdtj`t f `daputjr grda dutsehj eitjrgjrji`js drf``jss vef eitjrijt es. / 'is. >erj wfcc?31. ke`k es tkj kypjrtj&t trfisgjr prdtd`dc wke`k es nevein eapdrtfi`j td sj`urety

dgtji usjh ei eitrf `dapfiy eitjrijt setjs / 'is. 6XX"*?39. "> es tkj f`rdiya gdr ../ 'is. "drtflcj d`uajit >draft?3:. ke`k es tkj uiequj fhhrjss wke`k ehjitegy f `daputjr ei f ijtwdro/ 'is. E " fhhrjss?37. Ei wke`k tdpdcdny auctepcj `daauie`ftedi `kfiijc j&ests ljtwjji idhjs/ 'is. <jsk?3L. ke`k prdtd`dc es usjh gdr sjihein j-afec ../ 'is. *<X"?3H. #faj tkj eitjrijt sjrve j usjh gdr pulceskein dur ehjf / 'is. $cdnnein?3A. Eitrdhu ein eitd f wjlsetj wetkdut pjraessedi es../ 'is. 6f`oein?3C. ke`k es tkj hjve`j usjh ei ijtwdro gdr strjintkjiein dr fapcegyein tkj senifc / 'is. +jpjftjr  ??3. kd es f 0erus 'utkdr/ 'is. Xkj prdnrfaajr dg f verus wkd eitjitedifccy wretjs f verus prdnrfa.???. kft es f 0erus/ 'is. Et es f pdtjitefccy hfafnein daputjr prdnrfa tkft fggj`ts dr eigj`ts f`daputjr ijnftevjcy ly fctjrein tkj wfy tkj `daputjr wdros wetkdut tkj usjrsoidwcjhnj dr pjraessedi.??1. kft es ajfit ly Xrdfi 6drsj/ 'is. Et es f afce`edus - cdne` prdnrfa tkft kehjswetkei dr cddo ceoj f cjneteaftj prdnrfa su`k fs f s`rjji sfvjr.??9. kft es fi 'iteverus prdnrfa/ 'is. Et es f utecety tkft prdtj`ts `daputjr fnfeistverusjs ly ehjitegyein fih rjadvein fiy `daputjr verusjs gduih ei ajadry di stdrfnjajhef dr di ei`daein gecjs.??:. Eitjrijt tjcjpkdiy es fcsd `fccjh fs./ 'is. 0de j dvjr E"??7. Xdhfy Jtkjrijt es tkj adst pdpucfr 8'# tj`kidcdny lj`fusj../ 'is. Et es rjcftevjcy eij&pjisevj fih jfsy td eistfcc fih afeitfei.??H. Xypjs dg werjh kdaj ijtwdros ei`cuhjs fcc dg tkj gdccdwein j&`jpt../ 'is. (f) Jtkjrijt (l) "dwjrceij `flcj ( ) "kdijceij (h) E->e (j) #dij dg tkjsj??A. kft es f ijws nrdup/ 'is. Et es fi diceij frjf ei wke`k usjrs kfvj wrettjihes`ussedis fldut f pfrte`ucfr sulj`t.??C. ' typj dg "jjr td "jjr ijtwdro `fccjh "1" gecj skfrein #jtwdro hjs`reljs=

Page 105: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 105/155

 'is. 'i eitjrijt ijtwdro di wke`k usjrs `diij`t herj`tcy td jf`k dtkjr;s kfrh hes`s fihj&`kfinj gecjs dvjr tkj Eitjrijt.?13. kft es f ijtwdro tdpdcdny

 'is. Et rjgjrs td tkj cfydut dg tkj `daputjrs fih hjve`js ei f `daauie`ftedi ijtwdro.?1?. kft es tkj gui`tedi dg f *8 adhja..

 'is. *jihs henetfc hftf fih eigdraftedi grda f `daputjr td f *8 ceij fih rj`jevjshenetfc hftf fih eigdraftedi grda f *8 ceij.?11. ----- `disests dg seincj dppjr werj surrduihjh ly ft cjfst tkrjj cfyjrs fieisucftein aftjrefc f wdvji dr lrfehjh ajtfc fih f pcfste` dutjr `dftein./ 'is. %df&efc flcj?19. kft es f setj ce`jisj

 'is. (f) et es f cjnfc fnrjjajit tkft pjraet usjrs td eistfcc sdgtwfrj di auctepcj`daputjrs usufccy ft f vdcuaj hes`duit (l) "dwjr ceij `flcj (`) "kdij ceij (h) E - >e(j) #dij dg tkjsj 'is. (f)?1:. ke`k kfs ljji fhdptjh fs f ijtwdro stfihfrh gdr eitjrijt `daauie`ftedis/ 'is. X%"4E".

?17. >elrj dpte` `flcjs kfvj wke`k dg tkj gdccdwein fhvfitfnjs/ 'is. 8dwjr dsts jfsejr eistfccftedi fih adhege`ftedi?1L. ' pdpucfr typj dg fieaftedi `fccjh.`daleijs sjvjrfc eafnjs ei td f seincj ,E>gecj./ 'is. 'i fieaftjh ,E>?1H. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein ehjitegejs fiy ijtwdro lfsjh di tkj A31.?? gfaecy dgstfihfrhs/ 'is. e->e ( erjcjss >ehjcety).?1A. kft es f #jtwdro Eitjrgf`j %frh (#E%)/ 'is. Et es fi fhfptjr "% frh dr f>cfsk `frh tkft jiflcjs f `daputjr dr hjve`j td f``jss f ijtwdro.?1C. kft hdjs drch wehj jl %disdrteua (9%)hd 'is. (f) vjrsjfs rjsjfr`k (l)sjt stfihfrhs (`) sjts nuehjceijs gdr afiy frjfs dg Eitjrijt (h) 'cc tkjsj (j) #dij dgtkjsj?93. kft es Eitjrijt lf`oldij

 'is. Xkj afdr `frrejrs dg ijtwdro trfgge` di eitjrijt frj `dccj`tevjcy fs tkj Eitjrijtlf`oldij.?9?. 0esetdrs td wke`k `fi `ustdae!j fcc dr sdaj dg tkj `ditjits / 'is. yifae` jl pfnj.?91. kft es fieaftedi wke`k afiy wjl pfnjs usj/ 'is. Et es tkj fppjfrfi`j dg adtedi rjftjh ly hespcfyein f sjrejs dg stecc eafnjsei sjquji`j.?99. kft es *<X" (*eapcj <fec Xrfisgjr "rdtd`dc)/ 'is. Et es f `daauie ftedi tj`kidcdny usjh ly sdaj dutndein afec sjrvjrs.?9:. kft es upcdfhein ./ 'is. Et es tkj prd`jss dg trfisgjrrein hd`uajits nrfpke s fih dtkjr dlj`ts grdaf `daputjr td f sjrvjr di tkj eitjrijt.?97. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein frj tkj j&fapcjs dg `daauie`ftedi `kfiijcs/ 'is. (f) %flcj tjcjvesedi ceijs (l) Xjcjpkdij ceijs (`) ldtk (f) fih (l) (h) E->e(j) #dij dg tkjsj 'is(`) ldtk (f) fih (l)?9L. kft es f erjcjss Eistfit <jssfnj/ 'is. Et es f rjfc teaj `daauie`ftedi sjrve`j tkft fccdws werjcjss adlecj hjve`jstd j&`kfinj ajssfnjs wetk dij dr adrj adlecj hjve`js dr diceij usjrs.

Page 106: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 106/155

?9H. kft es tkj pdpucfr usj dg e->e stfihfrhs/ 'is. Ei pulce` eitjrjst f``jss pdeits tkft dggjr adlecj tkj flecety td `diij`t td tkjeitjrijt wetk tkjer werjcjss `daputjrs fih hjve`js.?9A. ke`k es jfsejr td eistfcc tkfi E*# fih prdvehjs au`k gfstjr hftf trfisgjr rftjs/ 'is. *8

?9C. ' wjl fhhrjss `disests dg wke`k dg tkj gdccdwein/ (f) ' prdtd`dc (l) dafei ifaj (`) tkj pftk td f spj ege` wjl pfnj (h) drcd`ftedi di f wjl pfnj (j) 'cc dg tkjsj 'is (j) 'cc dg tkjsj?:3. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein ijw gdraft wke`k afy jvjitufccy rjpcf`j tkj ,E> gdraft/ 'is. "#, gdraft.?:?.i f stfr ijtwdro eg tkj kul gfecs tkj jiterj ijtwdro es../ 'is. Eidpjrflcj uitec tkj kul es rjpferjh?:1. E*# rjquerjs./ 'is. Xkft ldtk jihs dg tkj diij`tedi kfvj fi E*# adhja?:9. kft es f dafei/ 'is. Et es tkj tj&t vjrsedi dg fi E" fhhrjss.

?::. kft es f *jfr`k Jineij/ 'is. Et es f prdnrfa tkft geihs wjl setjs fih wjl pfnjs.?:7. kft es jl cdn / 'is. Et es f wjlsetj tkft usjs f rjnucfrcy uphftjh durifc gdraft td rjgcj`t tkjeitjrjsts dpeiedis fih pjrsdifcetejs dg tkj futkdrs fih sdajteajs setj vesetdrs.?:L. kft es f "cun ei/ 'is. Et es f prdnrfa tkft j&tjits tkj `fpflecety dg f lrdwsjr.?:H. kft es f #jws nrdup/ 'is. Et es fi diceij frjf ei wke`k usjrs fi kfvj wrettji hes`ussedis fldut fpfrte`ucfr sulj`t.?:A. kft es f kdt pdt/ 'is. Et es f werjcjss ijtwdro tkft prdvehjs eitjrijt `diij`tedis td adlecj`daputjrs fih dtkjr hjve`js.?:C. kft es X%"4E" ( Xrfisaessedi %ditrdc "rdtd`dc4Eitjrijt "rdtd`dc)/ 'is. Et es f ijtwdro tj`kidcdny tkft hjgeijs kdw ajssfnjs frj rdutjh grda dijjih dg f ijtwdro td tkj dtkjr jisurein tkft tkj hftf frrevjs `drrj`tcy ly hevehein et eitdpf`ojts.?73. kft es f `flcj adhja/ 'is. Et es f henetfc adhja tkft sjihs fih rj`jevjs henetfc hftf dvjr tkj `flcjtjcjvesedi (%'X0) ijtwdro.?7?. kft es cftji`y ./ 'is. Et es tkj teaj f senifc tfojs td trfvjc grda dij cd`ftedi td fidtkjr diijtwdro.?71. kft es f ijtwdro tdpdcdny/ 'is. ' cfydut dg daputjrs fih hjve js ei f daauie`ftedi ijtwdro?79. Ei f wjl fhhrjss kttp stfihs gdr wkft/ 'is. Et stfihs gdr Fkypjr tj&t trfisgjr prdtd`dc; wke`k es f sjt dg rucjs tkft hjgeijskdw pfnjs trfisgjr di tkj eitjrijt.?7:. Eg ydur `daputjr ojjps rjlddtein etsjcg tkji et es ceojcy tkft

Page 107: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 107/155

/ (?) Et kfs f verus (1) et hdjs idt kfvj jidunk ajadry (9) Xkjrj es id preitjr (:)Xkjrj kfs ljji f pdwjr surnj (7) Et ijjhs f %-+< 'is (?)?77. Ei <J<* ../ (?) *jvjrfc henetfc senifcs frj auctepcejh (1) henetfc senifcs es fapcegejh (9) *jvjrfchenetfc senifcs frj afniegejh (:) ldtk (?) fih (1) (7) ' henetfc senifc `kfinjs sdaj

`kfrf`tjreste` dg f `frrejr wfvj 'is (7)?7L. Ei rjfcety EX rj`dnie!js dicy / (?) ' pdstfc afec fhhrjss (1) f cd`ftedi dg kdst (9) 6ul (:) >X" (7) ,eg 'is (9)?7H es tkj gerst Eihefi #jws "fpjr td lj fvfecflcj di Eitjrijt. 'is. Xkj 6eihu?7A..es tkj gerst Eihefi <fnf!eij td lj fvfecflcj di Eitjrijt. 'is. Eihef Xdhfy?7C.. es tkj gerst <fcfyfcfa #jws "fpjr stfrtjh ets Eitjrijt jhetedi. 'is. jjpeof?L3 .es tkj gerst Eihefi pdcete`fc pfrty wke`k wfs `rjftjh ets wjlsetj di eitjrijt. 'is..$kfrfteyf Mfiftf "frty ($M")?L?. X+# es tkj gerst `daputjr nrfpke`s usjh advej (?CA1).?L1. Xkj gerst `daputjr nfaj es *pf`j fr.?L9. '#'#0' es tkj gerst `daputjr fieaftjh ijws rjfhjr 

?L:. %% LL33 es drchs gerst *upjr `daputjr.?L7. "frfa A333 es Eihef;s gerst *upjr `daputjr.?LL. Xefikj-1 (<ecoyfy-1) es drch;s gfstjst *upjr `daputjr (%keif)('s di Mucy13?:).?LH. eftf"cj& ]9L3<: (hjvjcdpjh ly Eihefi Eistetutj dg Xrdpe`fc <jtjdrdcdny) esEihef;s gfstjst *upjr `daputjr ('s di Mucy 13?:)?LA. Xkj gerst `daputjr eistfccjh ei Eihef es 6J%-1< ft Gdcoftf (?C77)?LC. Xkj gerst %daputjr afhj ei Eihef es *ehhkfrtkf. <fiugf`turjh ly Jcj`trdie`s%drpdrftedi dg Eihef.?H3. Xkj gerst %daputjr 5ievjrsety ei Eihef ft prevftj sj`tdr es +fjjv ,fihke %daputjr5ievjrsety.?H?. >erst EX 5ievjrsety ei Eihef- 'is Mfe "rfofsk 5ievjrsety?H1. ' skdrt rfinj werjcjss tj`kidcdny usjh td `diij`t fih j&`kfinj eigdraftediljtwjji hjve`js su`k fs "%;s <dleej. pkdijs 8fptdps jt`. es `fccjh $cujtddtk?H9. Jafec sjrve`j prdvehjh ly <e`rdsdgt es `fccjh 6dtafec?H:. >erj fccein es f prdtj`tedi s`kjaj gdr hftf. Et prdtj`ts dur eigdraftedi systjagrda uisj`urjh pulce` ijtwdro.?H7. %daputjr `keps tkft kfvj prdnrfas rj`drhjh di tkja frj oidwi fs >erawfrj.+< >cfsk ajadry J"+< jt`. frj j&fapcjs.?HL. "e&jc ("e`turj jcjajit) es tkj safccjst `ditrdccflcj jcjajit dg f pe`turj rjprjsjitjhdi tkj s`rjji.?HH. +jsdcutedi es tkj `fpflecety dg f sjisdr td dlsjrvj tkj safccjst dlj`t `cjfrcy.?HA. *tdrfnj `fpf`ety dg f `daadi 0 es :.H ,$ fih dg f stfihfrh % L73 - H73 <$.?HC. ' dccj`tedi dg gf`ts fih genurjs frj `fccjh ftf.?A3. "rd`jssjh hftf es `fccjh eigdraftedi?A?. erjcjss gehjcety (e->e) fccdws jcj`trdie` hjve`j td j&`kfinj hftf werjcjsscy useinrfhed wfvjs.?A1. J-%daajr`j es f gf`ecety td `dihu`t luyein fih sjccein dg prdhu`ts fih sjrve`jsdvjr jcj`trdie` systjas di `daputjr ijtwdros.?A9. 'lf`us es tkj gerst `fc`ucftein ei tkj wdrch (%keif).

Page 108: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 108/155

?A:. 'EE<* es tkj gerst Eihefi kdspetfc wke`k usjh rdldt td `dihu`t fi dpjrftedi.?A7. ij ajnflytj jqufcs fpprd&eaftjs <eccedi lytjs?AL. kji ydu frj wdroein di f hd`uajit di "% wkjrj es tkj d`uajit tjapdrfrecystdrjh - +'<?AH. Eigdraftedi trfvjcs ljtwjji dapdijits di tkj adtkjr ldfrh tkrdunk..- $usjs

?AA. 6dw frj hftf drnfie!jh ei f sprjfhskjjt - 6jenkt fih ehtk?AC.Xrfisgdraftedi dg eiput eitd dutput es pjrgdrajh ly -Xkj %"5?C3. .frj `fccjh <dhegejr ojys. - %trc *kegt fih 'ct?C?.Xkj .dg f systja ei`cuhjs tkj prdnrfas dr eistru`tedis.- *dgtwfrj

?C1. Xkj `daputjr wke`k hjgjftjh ,fry Gfspfrdv ft %kjss es- jjp $cuj?C9. Xkj preafry purpdsj dg sdgtwfrj es td turi hftf eitd.- Eigdraftedi?C:. +jpfer gdr oidwi sdgtwfrj lun wke`k es njijrfccy fvfecflcj grjj dg `dst di eitjrijtes `fccjh

- "ft`k_?C7. Xd wkft tjapdrfry frjf `fi ydu stdrj tj&t fih dtkjr hftf fih cftjr pfstj tkja tdfidtkjr cd`ftedi- Xkj `cepldfrh?CL. 6enkjst kdidurflcj fwfrh ei `daputjr s`eji`j es - Xurein 'wfrh?CH. *tdrfnj tkft rjtfeis ets hftf fgtjr tkj pdwjr es tuijh dgg es rjgjrrjh td fs.. - #di-vdcftecj stdrfnj?CA. %f`kj fih afei ajadry wecc cdsj tkjer `ditjits wkji tkj pdwjr es dgg. Xkjy frj. - 0dcftecj?CC. "rdtj`tein hftf ly `dpyein et grda tkj dreneifc sdur`j td f heggjrjit hjsteiftedi es`fccjh lf`oup.133. *afcc fppce`ftedi prdnrfas tkft rui di f wjl pfnj fih afy jisurj f gdra es`dapcjtjh prdpjrcy dr prdvehj fieaftedi frj oidwi fs. - 'ppcjts13?. ke`k prd`jss `kj`os td jisurj tkj `dapdijits dg tkj %daputjr fih dpjrfteinfrj `diij`tjh prdpjrcy - $ddtein131. %daputjr <jadry es idrafccy ajfsurjh ei - ,enflytjs139. Xkj heggjrji`j ljtwjji pjdpcj wetk f``jss td `daputjrs fih tkj Eitjrijt fihtkdsj wetkdut tkes f``jss es oidwi fs tkj - enetfc hevehj.13:. drh prd`jssein sprjfhskjjt fih pkdtd-jhetein frj j&fapcjs dg- 'ppce`ftedi sdgtwfrj.137. Xkj afei heggjrji`j ljtwjji fppce`ftedi fih systja sdgtwfrj es tkft*ystja sdgtwfrj afifnjs kfrhwfrj wkjrjfs fppce`ftedi sdgtwfrj pjrgdras usjr tfsos.13L. Eg f cfrnj luseijss es ndein td usj f seincj `daputjr td j&j`utj afiy prdnrfas gdr kuihrjhs dg usjrs ft tkj sfaj teaj pjrgdraein rjcftevjcy seapcj dpjrftedis fihtrfisf`tedis tkj typj dg `daputjr wecc prdlflcy lj f.. - <feigrfaj13H.du aust eistfcc f. di f ijtwdro eg ydu wfit td skfrj f $rdfhlfih Eitjrijt`diij`tedi. 'is- +dutjr 13A.Xkj adst grjqujitcy usjh eistru`tedis dg f `daputjr prdnrfa frj ceojcy td ljgjt`kjh grda'is %f`kj ajadry

Page 109: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 109/155

13C. kjcps td ljnei f pfrfnrfpk wetk f cfrnj hrdppjh eietefc `fpetfc cjttjr - rdp %fp1?3. Xkj jrrdrs tkft `fi lj pdeitjh dut ly tkj `dapecjr frj- *yitf& jrrdr 1??. $y hjgfuct ydur hd`uajits preit ei adhj.. - "drtrfet

1?1. . es `disehjrjh fs tkj Flf`oldij; dg tkj drch ehj jl- 6ypjrtj&t trfisgjr prdtd`dc (6XX")1?9. es f `dccj`tedi dg wjl - pfnjs fih es tkj vjry gerst pfnj tkft wj sjjdi dpjiein dg f wjlsetj - jlsetj 6daj pfnj1?:. 8dfhein pjrftein *ystja ditd +'< es `fccjh - $ddtein1?7. ke`k tjra ehjitegejs f spj`ege` `daputjr di tkj wjl fih tkj afei pfnj dg tkjjiterj setj - 5+81?L. 0ertufc ajadry es <jadry di tkj kfrh heso tkft tkj %"5 usjs fi j&tjihjh..+'<1?H. ' idrafc %-+< usufccy `fi stdrj up td. - H33 <$1?A. ' pkyse`fc `diij`tedi ljtwjji tkj ae`rdprd`jssdr ajadry fih dtkjr pfrts dg tkj

ae`rd`daputjr es oidwi fs - 'hhrjss lus1?C. ' tjra fssd`eftjh wetk tkj `dapfresdi dg prd`jssein spjjhs dg heggjrjit `daputjrsystja es pdeit $fio - <E"*113..gecj stfrts <* drh. - eiwdrh.j&j11?. Xd njt td tkj F*yaldc; hefcdn ld& `ce`o di tkj ajiu fih `kddsj F*yaldc;.- Eisjrt111. *upjrs`rept suls`rept dutceij jaldss jinrfvj frj oidwi fs- >dit jggj`ts119. ke`k `daafih hevehjs tkj surgf`j dg tkj lcfio heso eitd sj`tdrs fih fsseni fuiequj fhhrjss td jf`k dij - >draft11:. %daputjr prdnrfas frj wrettji ei f kenk - cjvjc prdnrfaaein cfinufnj= kdwjvjrtkj kuafi rjfhflcj vjrsedi dg f prdnrfa es `fccjh- *dur`j `dhj117. Xkj sdgtwfrj tddcs tkft jiflcj f usjr td eitjrf`t wetk f `daputjr gdr spj`ege`purpdsjs frj oidwi fs - 'ppce`ftedis11L. kji ydu turi di tkj `daputjr tkj lddt rduteij wecc pjrgdra tkes tjst..- "dwjr - di sjcg-tjst_11H.ke`k stdrfnj ajhef prdvehjs sjqujitefc f``jss dicy- <fnijte` tfpj11A. Xkj que`ojst fih jfsejst wfy ei drh td cd`ftj f pfrte`ucfr wdrh dr pkrfsj ei fhd`uajit es td usj tkj `daafih.. - >eih11C. %drrj`tein jrrdrs ei f prdnrfa es rjgjrrjh td fs - jlunnein193. ' es f hjve`j tkft idt dicy prdvehjs surnj prdtj`tedi lut fcsd gurieskjs ydur`daputjr wetk lfttjry lf`oup pdwjr hurein f pdwjr dutfnj.. - 5"*19?. \ es tkj ifaj dg j&`jc gecjs- drolddo191. J&fapcj gdr f rjfc-teaj dpjrftein systja - 8yi&199. Xkj Eitjrijt jtke`fc prdtd`dc es `fccjh./ (') ijt prdtd`dc ($) ijtequjttj (%) ijtjtke`s () ijt adrfcety'is ($) ijtequjttj19:. %daajr`efc ajssfnjs di tkj ijt frj ehjitegejh fs

Page 110: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 110/155

/(') #jt fhs ($) Eitjrijt `daajr`efcs (%) jlajr`efcs () 0erfc fhvjrtesjajits F)s=

(`) jlajr`efcs197. <fiujc %fstjccj wfs tkj gerst td usj tkj tjra/(') Eitjrijt sd`ejty ($) Jcj`trdie` sd`ejty (%) #jtwdro sd`ejty () Xjcjafte` sd`ejty

 'is (`) #jtwdro *d`ejty

19L. ,E> stfihs gdr./ (') ,cdlfc Eigdraftedi >draft ($) ,rfpke s Eigdraftedi >draft (%) ,rfpke sEitjr`kfinj >ecj () ,rfpke`s Eitjr`kfinj >draft 'is() ,rfpke`s Eitjr`kfinj >draft19H. ke`k dij dg tkj gdccdwein es idt fi pjrftein *ystja/ (') E$< 'E] ($) 8eiu& (%) *ui *dcfres () >erjgd& 'is ()

0rj,uji!c F*.jh uj*!edi*=5 6f! e* ajfi! - #j!+dr.ein<%diij`tedi ljtwjji twd dr adrj `daputjrs es oidwi fs #jtwdroein. Jf`k `daputjr eif ijtwdro `fi kfvj ets dwi prd`jssein `fpflecetejs fih `fi fcsd skfrj `daputjrkfrhwfrj prdnrfas fih hftf gecjs. Xkjrj frj tkrjj typjs dg `daputjr ijtwdros

8'# (8d`fc 'rjf #jtwdro) <'# (<jtrdpdcetfi 'rjf #jtwdro) fih '# (ehj 'rjf#jtwdro).25 6f! e* ajfi! - Cd`fc Frjf #j!+dr. (CF#"<Xkj systja dg twd dr adrj `daputjrs setuftjh ei f rdda luechein dr ei f `fapus`diij`tjh tdnjtkjr es `fccjh f 8d`fc 'rjf #jtwdro (8'#). Jtkjrijt #dvjcc "jrsdifc%daputjr #jtwdro jt`. frj sdaj 8'# lrfihs. <fi `dvjrs f `ety fih et es wky `fccjh<jtrdpdcetfi 'rjf #jtwdro. Ei f '# systja tjcjpkdij `flcjs frj usjh td `diij`t`daputjrs. '# f``drhein td et `dvjrfnj. Jitjrpresj fih ,cdlfc.?5 6f! e* ajfi! - 0&0D< 

 ' ajtkdh usjh td prd`jss eigdraftedi ei wke`k tkj gerst etja ei tkj cest es prd`jssjh gerstes >E> (>erst ei >erst dut).

35 6f! e* ajfi! - @-jr*pf`j< %yljrspf`j es tkj ncdlfc pddc dg eigdraftedi kjch di `daputjr ijtwdros `diij`tjh lysdpkeste`ftjh trfisaessedi tj`kidcdny tkft `fi lj f``jssjh ly fiydij.15 6d e* .id+i f* !j gf!jr dg &i!jrij!<,cji +e`drt es tkj gftkjr dg Eitjrijt. Eitjrijt wfs eitrdhu`jh ei ?CH1.B5 6f! e* ajfi! - &i!jrij! %jr)e`j Rrd)ehjr<Eitjrijt *jrve`j "rdvehjr es f `dapfiy tkft prdvehjs tkj Eitjrijt f``jss.5 6f! e* f Kdaj pfnj<6daj pfnj es tkj gerst pfnj dg wjl setj.5 6d e* f #j! *urgjr< *dajdij wkd lrdwsjs tkj Eitjrijt wetk id hjgeietj hjsteiftedi es `fccjh f #jt surgjr.

:5 6f! e* !j eapdr!fi`j dg %f!fa &igd+f C!h<Eihef;s gerst prevftj Eitjrijt sjrve`j prdvehjr (E*") *ftyfa Eigdwfy 8th. 8fui`kjh tkj`duitry;s gerst eitjriftedifc rdfaein gf`ecety di tkj Eitjrijt di Mfiufry H ?CCC. Xkjsjrve`j fccdws Eitjrijt usjrs trfvjccein flrdfh td f``jss tkjer f``duit grda fiywkjrj eitkj wdrch ft tkj `dst dg f cd`fc `fcc.=45 6e` frj !j `dapfiej* dei!c prd)ehein &i!jrij! *jr)e`j ei &ihef<0*#8 (0ehjsk *fi`kfr #enfa 8eaetjh) fih X (jpfrtajit dg Xjcj`daauie`ftedi)frj tkj fnji`ejs deitcy prdvehein Eitjrijt *jrve`js ei Eihef.

Page 111: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 111/155

==5 6f! e* Kf`.ein< 6f`oein es fi eccjnfc dpjrftedi hdij ei tkj Eitjrijt. Et es f typj dg rdlljry. Et es tkjprd`jss ly wke`k kf`ojrs cjfo dut eigdraftedi grda wjl setjs. 6f`ojrs frj %yljrJaessfrejs wkd njt eitd dtkjr setjs fih afoj eigdraftedi cjfo dut. 6f`oein ei`cuhjsrdlljry dg sdins grda wjl setjs dg frtests stjfcein adijy grda wjl setjs dg gfadus

lfios cjfoein dg sj`rjt eigdraftedi grda wjl setjs dg `duitrejs fih sjvjrfc dtkjrEitjrijt `reajs.=25 6d nd! !j 2444 6j- Lu*eij** f+frh< *ftyfa `daputjr sjrve`js rj`jevjh tkj 1333 jl $useijss fwfrh gdr ets eitrfijtF*ftyfa drch;.=?5 6f! e* ajfi! - %pf`j Rdr!fc< *pf`j "drtfc es tkj eitjrijt di spf`j td lj cfui`kjh ei 133:.=35 6e` frj !j ad*! gfadu* +j- `ceji!*< <dst pdpucfr wjl `cejits frj #jts`fpj;s #fvenftdr fih <e`rdsdgt;s Eitjrijt J&pcdrjh.=15 6f! e* f 8er!ufc d*!<Xkj `daputjr- njijrftjh kdst ei f tfco skdw es `fccjh 0ertufc kdst.

=B5 6f! e* F\RF#JX< Xkj nrfih gftkjr dg Eitjrijt es '+"'#JX ('hvfi`jh +jsjfr`k "rdj`t 'nji`y#jtwdro). Et wfs jstflceskjh ei ?CLC ly tkj jgjisj hjpfrtajit dg 5*'.=5 6f! e* Z%J#JX<F5*J#JX; es f ijtwdro j&estjh gdr `daauie`ftedis ljtwjji uievjrsetejs.=5 6f! hdj* !j !jra H#% *!fih gdr< dafei #faj *ystja (#*) es f herj`tdry dg Eitjrijt usjrs fih drnfiesftedis.=:5 6f! e* KXAC< 6X<8 (6yp jr-Xj&t <froup 8finufnj) es tkj preafry cfinufnj usjh td `rjftj wjlpfnjs.245 6d frj `fccjh #j!eOji*V< Xkdsj wkd frj `diij`tjh td tkj Eitjrijt frj `fccjh F#jte!ji;. Xkjrj frj tkrjj oeihs dgEitjrijt ajaljrskeps. (?) %drj Eitjrijt ajaljrskep (1) %disuajr Eitjrijtajaljrskep. (9) <ftre& ajaljrskep.2=5 6f! frj *jfr` jineij*<*jfr`k jineijs frj cfrnj `daputjr systjas wke`k kjcps us td sjfr`k wjl setjs eiEitjrijt.225 6f! .eih dg f prdnrfa e* Ufdd<Ffkdd;es dij dg tkj pdpucfr sjfr`k jineijs ei tkj Eitjrijt.2?5 6f! e* &i!rfij!<Eitrfijt es f prevftj systja tkft ei`cuhj kfrhwfrj fih sdgtwfrj hjvjcdpjh gdr tkjEitjrijt *jrve`js td prdvehj `daauie`ftedi eigdraftedi afifnjajit fih eigdraftedisjrve`js wetkei fi drnfiesftedi.235 6f! e* ajfi! - nrdup 6frj<,rdupfrj es f lrdfh `ftjndry dg sdgtwfrj tkft dreneiftjh rj`jitcy. Et kfs gf`ecetejs gdr J-afec afeitfeiein pjrsdifc4nrdup `fcjihfrs pcfiiein prdj`ts fih stdrein hftf.215 6f! e* Rdcij!<"dcijt es tkj `daauie`ftedi ijtwdro ceioein fcc tkj "dce`j *tftedis ei tkj `duitry.2B5 6f! e* !j eapdr!fi`j dg J7afec fih J7`daajr`j<

Page 112: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 112/155

J - `daajr`j dr jcj`trdie` `daajr`j ei`cuhjs fcc luseijss f`tevetejs eivdcvjh ei tkjhjvjcdpajit gf`ecetftedi fih eapcjajitftedi dg luseijss `daauie`ftedi fihtrfisf`tedis tkrdunk tkj jcj`trdie` ajhef `dapresein preafrecy tkj eitjrijt eitrfijt fihtkj J&trfijt.25 6f! e* `fccjh f* Auc!eajhef<

<ucteajhef usjs f `daleiftedi dg vfredus ajhef su`k fs fuhed vehjd tj&t nrfpke`sfih fieaftedi td jitjrtfei fih tjf`k.1A. kft es tkj pj`ucefrety dg 0ehjd `digjrji`einEi vehjd `digjrji`ein tkj pfrte`epfits fcsd `fi sjj jf`k dtkjr tkfi ei tkj fuhed`digjrji`ein.2:5 6f! e* fi J7Idurifc<J-Mdurifc es fi jcj`trdie` pulce`ftedi type`fccy gduih ei f`fhjae` `er`cjs.?45 6f! e* J7adij<J-adijy es henetfc `fsk wke`k es rjpcf`ein `urrji`ejs.?=5 6f! frj !j heggjrji! gdra* dg J7adij<Xkj gdras dg jcj`trdie` adijy frj jcj`trdie` hjlet fih `rjhet `frh systjas safrt

`frhs fih henetfc adijy.?25 6f! hdj* !j !jra @DHF%UC *!fih gdr<%'*8 - %digjrji`j di ftf *ystjas 8finufnjs.??5 6f! hdj* !j !jra @&@R *!fih gdr<%E%" - %daauie`ftedi eitjrapt %ditrdc "rdnrfa.?35 6f! e* @-jr @reaj<%yljr %reaj es f `reaj `daaettjh ly tkj usj dg f sdgtwfrj dr hftf.?15 6f! e* @j-e!gfer<W%jletgfer^ es tkj ifaj dg tkj Eitjrijt gfer kjch rj`jitcy ei 6fidvjr ,jrafiy.?B5 6f! e* A7@daajr`j<<-%daajr`j - gusjs adlecj `daauie`ftedi wetk jcj`trdie` `daajr`j.?5 6f! e* Ad-7afec< <dl-afec es j-afec `daauie`ftedis ceiojh wetk adlecj pkdij.?5 6f! e* fi Jf*!jr jnn<Jfstjr jnn es f ajssfnj dr s`rjji lurejh wetkei f prdnrfa fih f``jsselcj dicy tkrdunkfi uihd`uajitjh prd`jhurj.?:5 6f! e* ajfi! - Ji`rp!edi<Ei`ryptdnrfpky tkj prd`jss dg `divjrtein f ajssfnj eitd f `epkjr tj&t es Ji`ryptedi.345 6f! e* J!jrij!<Jtkjrijt es f cd`fc frjf ijtwdro (8'#) hjvjcdpjh ly !jrd& `drpdrftedi.3=5 6f! e* Jihdrf<Jihdrf es f pdpucfr jcj`trdie` afec prdnrfa. 6dt afec. +jhegg frj fcsd J-afec prdnrfas.325 6f! e* ajfi! - &i!jrij! Rrd!d`dc<Eitjrijt "rdtd`dc (E") es tkj stfihfrh tkft hjs`reljs kdw fi eitjrijt-`diij`tjh`daputjr skduch lrjfo hftf hdwi eitd pf`ojts gdr trfisaessedi f`rdss tkj ijtwdro.3?5 6f! e* f pf**+drh<"fsswdrh es f `dhj ly wke`k f usjr nfeis f``jss td f `daputjr systja. Et es usjh gdrsj`urety purpdsjs.335 6f! e* Dpjrf!edi Lfih+eh! <pjrftedi $fihwehtk rjgjrs td tkj prdnrfaaj td ei`rjfsj lfihwehtk.

Page 113: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 113/155

315 6f! hdj* !j !jra Lfih+eh! ajfi<$fihwehtk rjgjrs td tkj qufitety dg eigdraftedi tkft `fi lj trfisaettjh tkrdunk f `flcj.:L. kft es `fccjh fs *kfrj frj *kfrjwfrj es sdgtwfrj tkft es fvfecflcj td try gdr f ceaetjh teaj wetkdut fiy dlcenftedis.35 6f! e* J7Oeij<

J-!eij es f afnf!eij pulceskjh ei jcj`trdie` gdra.35 6f! e* f Rf`.j! ei `dapu!jr pfrcfi`j< ' lcd`o dg hftf sjih dvjr f ijtwdro es oidwi fs f pf`ojt.3:5 6e` *!f!j ei!rdhu`jh )ehjd `digjrji`ein ger*! ei &ihef<

 'ihkrf "rfhjsk es tkj gerst stftj ei Eihef td eitrdhu`j vehjd `digjrji`ein gf`ecety gdrjgge`ejit ndvjrifi`j. ,urt es tkj sj`dih stftj.145 Xj fr`e!j`!urj dg #j!+dr. Rrd!d`dc hj)jcdpjh - &%D f* d+ afi cfjr*<*jvji..1=5 6f! frj !j *j)ji cfjr* dg #j!+dr. Rrd!d`dc hj)jcdpjh - &%D<"kyse`fc ftf ceio #jtwdro Xrfispdrt *jssedi "rjsjitftedi fih 'ppce`ftedi.125 F`!ufc `daauie`f!edi !f.j* pcf`j ei +e` cfjr< "kyse`fc cfyjr.

1?5 6e` cfjr prd)ehj* !j cd+7cj)jc hj!j`!edi fih `drrj`!edi gui`!edi* dg !jij!+dr.< ftf 8eio.135 6e` cfjr ei rj*pdi*e-cj gdr rdu!ein pf`.j!* f`rd** !j ij!+dr.<#jt cfyjr.115 6e` e* !j ei!jrajhef!j cfjr !f! enjr cfjr* u*j !d `daauie`f!j +e!ij!+dr.< Xrfispdrt cfyjr.1B5 6e` cfjr afifnj* !j `urrji! `diij`!edi -j!+jji !+d `dapu!jr*<*jssedi cfyjr.15 6e` cfjr af.j* *urj !f! -d! `dapu!jr* frj *pjf.ein !j *fajcfinufnj< "rjsjitftedi cfyjr.15 6e` e* !j enj*! cfjr ei !j &%D *!fihfrh<  'ppce`ftedi cfyjr.1:5 6e` e* !j *dg!+frj u*jh !d cei. !j ij!+dr.* fih `dapu!jr*<X%"4E".B45 6f! frj !j ge)j cfjr* dg !j X@R&R<  "kyse`fc ftf 8eio #jtwdroXrfispdrt fih 'ppce`ftedi.B=5 6e` frj !j !+d !pj* dg X@R&R prd!d`dc*< *jrefc 8eij Eitjrijt "rdtd`dc(*8E") fih "deit-td-"deit "rdtd`dc (""").B25 6e` e* `di*ehjrjh f* !j gdrjruiijr dg &i!jrij!< '+"'#JX.B?5 6f! e* !j gucc gdra dg F\RF#JX<

 'hvfi`jh +jsjfr`k "rdj`t 'nji`y #jtwdros.B35 6e` `daauie`f!edi *dg!+frj +f* u*jh ei Frpfij!< XJ8#JX.B15 6ji +f* !j ij+ ei!jrgf`j Xrfi*ae**edi @di!rdc Rrd!d`dc&i!jrij! Rrd!d `dchj)jcdpjh< Ei ?CHC.BB5 6ji Frpfij! rj`dnie*jh X@R&R f* fi ei!jrgf`j< Ei ?CA9.LH. kft es tkj ifaj dg tkj eitjrgf`j hj vjcdpjh ly <`. ,ecc 5ievjrsety dg 'ajre`f

 'r`kej.LA. kft es tkj ifaj dg tkj eitjrgf`j hjvjcdpjh ly *fsoft`kjwfi 5ievjrsetyg 'ajre`f 6ytjcijt.

Page 114: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 114/155

LC. kji wfs ,dpkjr fih drch ehj jl eitrdhu`jh gdr `daajr`efc pur pdsjs eiEitjrijt Ei ?CC?.H3. ke`k es tkj gerst nrfpke`fc eitjrgf`j dg tkj Eitjrijt ,dpkjr.H?. kjrj ,dpkjr wfs hjvjcdpjh Ei <eiijsdtf 5ievjrsety.H1. kjrj drch ehj jl wfs hjvjcdpjh Ei Jurdpjfi 6enk Jijrny "kyse`s

8fl ,jijvf.H9. kd wfs tkj s`ejitest ljkeih Xkj $jajrs 8jj.H:. ke`k sdgtwfrj tj`kiequj es usjh ei 6ypjrtj&t.H7. kft es tkj dtkjr ifaj dg 6ypjrtj&t 6ypjr ajheua.HL. Xkj tjra %yljrspf`j es usjh gerst ei wke`k s`eji`j ge`tedi #jurdafi`jr.HH. kft es tkj ifaj dg tkj fhhrjss tkft spj`egy f pfrte`ucfr ijtwdro dr f pfrte`ucfrkdst Eitjrijt "rdtd`dc (E") fhhrjss.HA. Xkj E" fhhrjss es afhj up dg kdw afiy iualjrs >dur #ualjr. HCke`k afojs f gucc Eitjrijt 'hhrjss kji usjr ifaj es `daleijh wetk tkj " fhhrjss.A3. kft es dafei #faj *ystja - #* ' sj`dihfry ifaein systja lfsjh di ifajs`kjajs.

A?. $y wke`k syaldc usjr ifaj es sjpfrftjh grda tkj dafei ifaj *ya\ ldc.A1. kft es tkj Eitjrijt systja preafrecy eitjihjh gdr *kfrein eigdraftedi.A9. ke`k es `disehjrjh fs tkj dreneifc ajtkdh usjh gdr geihein eigdraftedis di tkjEitjrijt *jrjihepety.A:. ke`k Eitjrijt "rdtd`dc jiflcjs Eitjrijt usjrs td cdn di td fidtkjr `daputjr ceiojhtd tkj Eitjrijt Xjcijt.A7. ke`k es tkj seapcj ajtkdh gdr cd`ftein eigdraftedi $rdwsein.AL. kft es tkj ifaj dg tkj `diij`tedi ljtwjji dij pej`j dg eigdraftedi fih fidtkjr6ypjrtj&t.AH. kft es tkj gucc gdra dg ; drch ehj jl.AA. ke`k systja `diij`ts fcc tkj wjl setjs dg Eitjrijt fih afojs fvfecflcj gdr usjrstkdsj wjl setjs wke`k frj dg seaecfr `kfrf`tjr .AC. Ei fih jiquery dg eigdraftedi rjf`kjs fcc wjl setjs ft wke`k spjjh

 't tkj spjjh dg cenkt.C3. kft es tkj gui`tedi dg tkj F5iegdra +jsdur`js 8d`ftdr; - 5+8 Et hjgeijs tkjcd`ftedi dg tkj wjl hd`uajit.C?. ke`k frj tkj tkrjj ajtkdhs tkrdunk wke`k wj `fi f``jss wjl setjs erj`tcyjitjrein tkj 5+8 fhhrjss usein kypjrtj&t ceios fih hdein f wjl sjfr`k gdr5+8.C1. kjrj tkj Eitjrijt pulce`ftedis dr eigdraftedis frj frrfinjh Ei tkj sjrvjr`daputjrs ceiojh wetk tkj Eitjrijt.C9. kd eitrdhu`jh tkj #jts`fpj ifvenftedi-lrdwsjr #jts`fpj `daauie`ftedis`drpdrftedi.C:. ke`k lrdwsjr es ajfit gdr `kfrf`tjr lfsjh jiverdiajit 8#].C7. kft es tkj ifaj dg tkj eietefc pfnj cdfhjh wkji wj stfrt f lrdwsjr 6daj pfnj.CL. kft es tkj ifaj dg tkj spj`efc typj dg ceio rjprjsjitjh ly fi eafnj Eafnj afp.CH. kft es f usjijt ' daauie`ftedi tddc usjh ei Eitjrijt.CA. kft es tkj ifaj nevji td f hes`ussedi nrdup wke`k `fi kfvj f pulce` hefcdn wetkjvjry dij jcsj di tkj ijtwdro #jws nrdups.CC. kft es tkj ifaj nevji td tkj jcj`trdie` afec tfnnjh wetk prjhjtjraeijh sulj`tkjfhjrs 'rte`cj.

Page 115: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 115/155

?33. kft hdjs ijws nrdup Fs`e; rjprjsjit *`ejitege` *ulj`t ,rdups.?3?.kft hdjs ijws nrdup Frj`; rjprjsjit ,rdups feajh tdwfrhs frts kdllejs fihrj`rjftedifc f`tevetejs.?31. jgeij ,rfpke`s Xflcjts Xkes es f `daputjr-lfsjh tjraeifc usjh td `rjftj stdrjfih preit pe`turjs. 5sein f stycus= pe`turjs `fi lj `rjftjh fih stdrjh dr preitjh di f

pcdttjr.?39. kft es oidwi fs 6ypjrtj&t Et es f ldhy dg tj&t wkjrj sdaj dr fcc dg tkjeigdraftedi es ceiojh= sd tkft wkji tkj usjr `ce`os di f wdrh kj `fi geih dut adrj flduttkft wdrh dr lj trfispdrtjh td fidtkjr frjf dg tkj hd`uajit tkft `ditfeis rjcftjheigdraftedi.?3:. kft es oidwi fs Wlf`o ldij^ dg E#XJ+#JX Xkj systja dg `diij`tein`daputjrs ly `flcjs dr sftjccetjs es `fccjh lf`o ldij dg E#XJ+#JX.?37. kft es drch ehj jl ' kypjrtj&t- lfsjh systja gdr geihein fih f``jsseineigdraftedi di tkj Eitjrijt. Xkj drch ehj jl `disests dg f sjrejs dg^pfnjs^ dgeigdraftedi afiy dg wke`k `ditfei tj&ts `dcdur nrfpke`s fih jvji sduih fih vehjd`ceps.

?3L. kft es f %kft ' `kft ajfis td `daauie`ftj wetk dtkjr usjrs vef tkj ojyldfrh.du rjquerj f `kft `cejit su`k fs <e`rdsdgt %kft td `diij`t td dij dg tkj tkdusfihs dg`kft sjrvjrs frduih tkj wdrch dr herj`tcy td fidtkjr usjr;s `daputjr.?3H. kft es 6XX" (6ypjr Xj&t Xrfispdrt "rdtd`dc) Xkj prdtd`dc tkft f jl sjrvjrfih f lrdwsjr usj td `daauie`ftj.?3A. 6dw afiy typjs dg rj`epejits frj tkjrj ei J-<fec systja Xkjrj frj tkrjjrj`epejits. Xkjy frj X rj`epejit %% rj`epejit fih $%% rj`epejit.?3C. kd es f X rj`epejit Xkj rj`epejit wkd es td tfoj sdaj f`tedi huj td tkjajssfnj.??3. kd es f % rj`epejit Xkj rj`epejit wkd rj`jevjs f W`durtjsy `dpy^ ei J-<fecsystja.???. kd es f $%% rj`epejit Xkj rj`epejit wkd rj`jevjs F$ceih %frldi %dpy; dg tkj J-afec.??1. kft es tkj spjjh ly wke`k f ajssfnj es pfssjh ei J-afec etk tkj spjjh dg cenkt??9. kft frj tkj tkrjj stjps ei sjihein f afec ajssfnj td fidtkjr usjr ?.%dapdsein f afec ajssfnj. 1. "uttein et ei tkj hjspft`k qujuj. 9. "kyse`fccy sjihein ettd tkj ]jj afec `jitjr.??:. 6dw gfst hd J-<fec ajssfnj trfvjc J-<fec ajssfnjs trfvjc ei cenkt spjjh.??7. kft hdjs %$<* stfih gdr %$<* stfihs gdr %daputjr $fsjh <jssfnj *jihjr.??L. kft es dwicdfh Xd trfisgjr gecjs td ydur `daputjr grda fidtkjr `daputjr vef fadhja. Xkj dppdsetj tjra es upcdfh.??H. kft es Eigdraftedi *upjrkenkwfy Et es f wdrchwehj `daauie`ftedis ijtwdro tkftprdaesjs td lrein aucteajhef sjrve`js eitd tkj usjr;s kdaj vef kenk-`fpf`ety gelrj-dpte``flcj. Xkj Eitjrijt es sdajteajs sjji fs f prdtdtypj gdr tkj eigdraftedi supjrkenkwfy.Et es fcsd oidwi seapcy fs tkj supjrkenkwfy.??A. kft es <dhja ' hjve`j tkft jiflcjs `daputjrs td `daauie`ftj wetk jf`k dtkjr dvjr f tjcjpkdij ceij.??C. kft es 'idiyadus >X" 'i >X" sjrvjr tkft jiflcjs fiy usjr td cdn di fihhdwicdfh gecjs. du usj fidiyadus gdr tkj usjr ifaj fih ydu j-afec fhhrjss gdr tkj

Page 116: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 116/155

pfsswdrh. 5sufccy usjh gdr tkj pulce` hestrelutedi dg gecjs-hrevjrs uphftjs pft`kjs fisd di.?13. kft hdjs E" stfih gdr Eitjrijt "rdtd`dc.?1?. ke`k frj tkj adst wehjcy usjh diceij eigdraftedi sjrve`js %dapu *jrvj

 'ajre`f iceij ('8) "rdheny.

?11.kft frj tkj spj`efctejs dg %dapu*jrvj Et es tkj dchjst dg tkj rjafeiein`daajr`efc di-ceij sjrve`j fihkfs f``jss iualjrs ei ?A7 `duitrejs. ?19.kft frj tkj adst wehjcy usjhEitjrijt sjrve`js J-afec <fecein cests 5sjijt ijwsnrdups.?1:. kft frj tkj etjas `disestjh ei dafei fhhrjss #faj dg tkj afdr sjrvjr drsetj tkj sul hdafei hdafei.?17. kft frj tkj `daadi hdafei ifajs usjh ei tkj 5.*. au. ndv `dri jhu ijtdrn. E?1L. kft es `fccjh f hd`uajit di tkj jl jl pfnj.?1H. Es $rdwsjr f pej`j dg kfrhwfrj dr sdgtwfrj *dgtwfrj=?1A. kft frj tkj usjs dg f $rdwsjr

+j`drh f kestdry dg wkjrj ydu kfvj vesetjh sfvj-hdwicdfh-preit-`dpy-vejwjl `ditjit rjfh fih sjih afec. ?1C. kji wfs #jts`fpj ifvenftdr eitrdhu`jh?CCL.?93. kft frj tkj eapdrtfit tkeins td lj `disehjrjh wkecj sjcj`tein f adhja*pjjh stfihfrh fih `dapftelecety.?9?. kft frj tkj heggjrjit typjs dg adhjas Eitjrifc adhja J&tjrifc adhja fih"%<%E' %frh4"% `frh adhja.?91. jgeij vfredus spjjh japcdyjh ei adhjas CL33 olps 1AA33 olps 7L333olps.?99. kft frj tkj `dapftelecety stfihfrhs gdr 1AA33 olps spjjh adhja 0.9? 0.990.91 0.9:.?9:. kft frj tkj jssjitefc 6X<8 tfns gdr f pfnj T6X<8b T6J'b TXEX8JbT$b T"b.?97. kft es *E, Et es fi J-afec hes`ussedi nrdup fih f tj`kie`fc hes`ussedi nrdupspdisdrjh ly '%<.?9L. kft hdjs %+% stfih gdr Et stfihs gdr %y`ce` +jhuihfi`y %kj`o.?9H. kft hdjs ' stfih gdr 'haeiestrftevj dafei.?9A. kft hdjs $E# stfih gdr $jrojcy Eitjrijt #faj dafei.?9C. kft hdjs $," stfih gdr $ddt*trfp "rdtd`dc.?:3. kft frj tkj $ddcjfi dpjrftdrs dg tkj Eitjrijt 'M '# + ]+ #'##X jt`.?:?. kft es ajfit ly %dapu*jrvj Eigdraftedi <fifnjr (%E<) Et es f prd-nrfa tkft prdvehjs f nrfpke`fc Eitjrgf`j gdr %dapu*jrvj fih et suppdrts ldtk<f`eitdsk fih eihdws.?:1. kft es ajfit ly E#JX Et esfi fiiufc `digjrji`j put di ly tkj Eitjrijt sd`ejtyfih fi f`rdiya gdr Eitjrijt.?:9. kft es <fec cest Et es f sjrvjr prdnrfa tkft futdafte`fccy rjspdihs td afeclysjihein eigdraftedi dr pjrgdraein gui`tedis spj`egejh ei tkj ei`daein afec.?::. kft es oidwi fs #jts`fpj Et f wehjcy usjh jl $rdwsjr.

Page 117: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 117/155

Njijrfc?. kft hdjs tkj tjra $'*E% stfih gdr$'*E% es W$jneiijr;s 'cc-purpdsj *yaldce` Eistru`tedi %dhj^.1. kft es fcndretka 'cndretka es f sjt dg eistru`tedis frrfinjh ei f spj`ege` drhjr tdsdcvj f pfrte`ucfr prdlcja ei f geietj iualjr dg stjps.

9. kft hdjs tkj tjra $<* stfih gdr $<* - ftf $fsj <fifnjajit *ystja.:. kft es ajfit ly J-<fec J - <fec (Jcj`trdie` <fec) es f wfy td sjih tj&t lfsjhajssfnjs fih gecjs td fiy `daputjr wetk fi fhhrjss di Eitjrijt.7. ke`k `etejs frj oidwi fs *eceodi 0fccjy fih Eigdtj`k `ety $finfcdrj es oidwi fs tkj*eceodi 0fccjy dg Eihef. *eceodi 0fccjy ei 5*' es tkj F<j``f dg %daputjr;. 6yhjrflfh estkj Eigdtj`k `ety ei Eihei.L. kft es ajfit ly >erawfrj >erawfrj es sdgtwfrj sulstetutjh gdr kfrhwfrj fihstdrjh ei +< (+jfh icy <jadry). >erawfrj es fcsd oidwi fs <e`rd prd-nrfa.H. kft hdjs tkj tjra J"+< stfih gdr J"+< - Jrfsflcj "rdnrfaaflcj +jfh

icy <jadry.A. ke`k es tkj cerst ldo di `daputjr tkft wdi "ucet!jr "re!j Xkj lddo fldut`daputjrs wke`k wdi f "ucet!jr "re!j es *duc dg ijw <f`keijs wrettji ly Xrf`y Gehhjr.C. kd es tkj futkdr dg tkj lddo tetcjh fs WXkj #eitk $rehnj^ %kfrcjs $fllfnj wfs tkjfutkdr dg WXkj #eitk $rehnj ftjr Xrjftesj^.?3. Xkj wdrch;s cfrnjst lddostdrj. '<'I#. %< es tkj wdrch;s cfrnjst lddostdrj.??. kft hdjs tkj tjra J-afEc stfih gdr J - <fec es tkj Jcj`trdie` <fec.?1. kft es Eitjrijt ' ijtwdro dg `daputjrs.?9. kft frj tkj dtkjr adrj pdpucfr ifajs dg Eitjrijt %yljrspf`j fih Eigdraftedi*upjr 6enkwfy.?:. kd es tkj futkdr dg tkj s`eji`j ge`tedi tetcjh F#jurdafi`jr; eccefa ,elsdi.

?7. eccefa ,elsdi usjh tkj tjra %yljrspf`j td hjidtj wke`k prd`jssXkj `daauie`ftedi ljtwjji kuafi lrfei fih `daputjr tkrdunk `flcjs.?L. jgeij G$ <$ fih ,$ G$ ajfis Gecd$ytj. ij G$ es jqufc td ?31: lytjs. <$ajfis ajnflytj fih ?31:-G$

@fp!jr =3A&@\D%D0X RD6J\RD&#X

<e`rdsdgt "dwjr"deit usufccy ust `fccjh "dwjr"deit es f prdprejtfry `daajr`efcprjsjitftedi prdnrfa hjvjcdpjh ly <e`rdsdgt. Et es pfrt dg tkj <e rdsdgt gge`j suetj

fih ruis di <e`rdsdgt eihdws fih 'ppcjOs <f` * ] dpjrftein systja.Xkj `urrjit vjrsedis frj <e`rdsdgt gge`j "dwjr"deit 13?3 gdr eihdws fih <e`rdsdgtgge`j "dwjr"deit 13?? gdr <f`.K&%XD\Ureneifccy hjsenijh gdr tkj <f`eitdsk `daputjr tkj eietefc rjcjfsj wfs `fccjhV"rjsjitjrV hjvjcdpjh ly jiies 'ustei fih Xkdafs +uhoei dg >drjtkdunkt Ei`. Ei?CAH. Et wfs rjifajh td V"dwjr"deitV huj td prdlcjas wetk trfhjafros tkj ehjf gdr

Page 118: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 118/155

tkj ifaj `daein grda +dljrt ,fsoeis. "dwjr"deit prjsjitftedis `disest dg f iualjrdg eihevehufc pfnjs dr VscehjsV.@u*!da Fieaf!edi*"dwjr"deit prdvehjs tkrjj typjs dg advjajitsJitrfi`j japkfses fih j&et dg jcjajits di f scehj etsjcg frj `ditrdccjh ly wkft

"dwjr"deit `fccs %ustda 'ieaftedis.Xrfisetedis di tkj dtkjr kfih frj advjajits ljtwjji scehjs.Xkjsj `fi lj fieaftjh ei f vfrejty dg wfys.%ustda fieaftedi `fi lj usjh td `rjftj safcc stdry ldfrhs ly fieaftein pe`turjs tdjitjr j&et dr advj.Ae`rd*dg! Rd+jr Rdei! 24=4"dwjr"deit 13?3 kfs `kfinjh grda ets prjhj`jssdr.*`rjji %fpturein kfs ljji eitrdhu`jh fccdwein ydu td tfoj f s`rjji `fpturj fih fhh etditd ydur hd`uajit.

 'csd ydu `fi idw rjadvj lf`onrduih eafnjs fih ydu `fi fhh spj`efc jggj`ts su`kfs O"ji`ec jggj`tsO ditd pe`turjs.

"cus ijw trfisetedis frj fvfecflcj.6dwjvjr tkj flecety td fppcy `jrtfei tj&t jggj`ts herj`tcy ditd j&estein tj&t sjji ei<e`rdsdgt drh es idt fvfecflcj= f sjpfrftj drh 'rt tj&t ld& es rjquerjh.?27-e! dr B37-e! )jr*edi dg Ae`rd*dg! Dgge`j$y hjgfuct <e`rdsdgt gge`j 13?3 eistfccs tkj 91-let vjrsedi dg gge`j 13?3 jvji eg ydur`daputjr es ruiiein L:-let jhetedis dg eihdws. #dtj Eg ydu fcrjfhy kfvj f L:-let vjrsedi dg gge`j eistfccjh di ydur `daputjr ruiieinf L:-let dpjrftein systja tkj hjgfuct eistfccftedi es tkj L:-let vjrsedi dg gge`j.Xkj 91-let vjrsedi dg gge`j 13?3 es tkj rj`daajihjh dptedi gdr adst usjrs lj`fusj etprjvjits pdtjitefc `dapftelecety essujs wetk dtkjr 91-let fppce`ftedis spj`ege`fccy tkerh-pfrty fhh-eis tkft frj fvfecflcj dicy gdr 91-let dpjrftein systjas.lddoafro ceio kft es ei tkj 91-let vjrsedi dg gge`j lut es idt ei`cuhjh ei tkj L:-letvjrsedi dg gge`j6f! e* ei !j ?27-e! )jr*edi dg Dgge`j -u! e* id! ei`cuhjh ei !j B37-e! )jr*edi dgDgge`j<

 '`tevj] `ditrdcs celrfry %da%tc Xkes celrfry `ditfeis '`tevj] `ditrdcs tkft frj usjh tdluech sdcutedis. Et es adst `daadicy usjh ei tkj gdccdwein <e`rdsdgt gge`j prdnrfas

 '``jss J&`jc fih drh.*kfrj "deit 8est ditrdc Xkj cest vejw ei *kfrj"deit Xj`kidcdny es idt fvfecflcj tdpjdpcj usein tkj L:-let vjrsedi dg gge`j.9- "evdt %kfrt vejws ei J&`jc Xkrjj-heajisedifc (9-) "evdt %kfrt vejws ei J&`jc frjidt fvfecflcj ei tkj L:-let vjrsedi dg gge`j. Xwd-heajisedifc (1-) `kfrts frj fvfecflcj.

Nj!!ein *!fr!jh +e! Rd+jrRdei! 24=4etk <e`rdsdgt "dwjr"deit 13?3 ydu `fi hjseni vesufccy stuiiein prjsjitftedis wetktj&t nrfpke`s pkdtds vehjd fieaftedi fih au`k adrj. i`j ydu kfvj `rjftjh ydur"dwjr"deit 13?3 prjsjitftedi ydu `fi tkji hjcevjr ydur prjsjitftedi ei pjrsdiprjsjit et rjadtjcy dvjr tkj wjl dr skfrj tkj gecjs wetk dtkjrs.Dpji f prj*ji!f!ediXd dpji fi j&estein prjsjitftedi hd tkj gdccdwein

Page 119: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 119/155

%ce`o tkj >ecj tfl fih tkji `ce`o pji.*jcj`t tkj gecj tkft ydu wfit fih tkji `ce`o pji.#dtj $y hjgfuct "dwjr"deit 13?3 skdws dicy "dwjr"deit prjsjitftedis ei tkj pjihefcdn ld&. Xd vejw dtkjr oeihs dg gecjs `ce`o 'cc "dwjr"deit "rjsjitftedis fih sjcj`ttkj typj dg gecj tkft ydu wfit td vejw.

%f)j f prj*ji!f!ediXd sfvj f prjsjitftedi hd tkj gdccdwein%ce`o tkj >ecj tfl fih tkji `ce`o *fvj 's.Ei tkj >ecj ifaj ld& typj f ifaj gdr ydur "dwjr"deit prjsjitftedi fih tkji `ce`o*fvj. #dtj $y hjgfuct "dwjr"deit 13?3 sfvjs gecjs ei tkj "dwjr"deit "rjsjitftedi (.ppt&)gecj gdraft. Xd sfvj ydur prjsjitftedi ei f gdraft dtkjr tkfi .ppt& `ce`o tkj *fvj fs typjcest fih tkji sjcj`t tkj gecj gdraft tkft ydu wfit.Xrfi*cf!j !jE! ei f heggjrji! cfinufnjdu `fi trfiscftj tj&t wrettji ei f heggjrjit cfinufnj su`k fs pkrfsjs dr pfrfnrfpkseihevehufc wdrhs (ly usein tkj <eie Xrfiscftdr) dr trfiscftj ydur wkdcj gecj wetk <e`rdsdgt

gge`j 13?3. Xd trfiscftj tj&t grda `jrtfei cfinufnjs eitd dtkjr cfinufnjs ydu aenktfcsd kfvj td sftesgy tkj dpjrftein systja rjquerjajits gdr spj`ege` cfinufnjs. #dtj Xkj Xrfiscftj `daafih es dicy fvfecflcj ei tkj gdccdwein <e`rdsdgt gge`jprdnrfas J&`jc ij#dtj utcddo "dwjr"deit "ulceskjr 0esed fih drh.du `fi fcsd `rjftj f hd`uajit ei dij cfinufnj fih tkji usj f af`keij trfiscftedisjrve`j td trfiscftj et td f heggjrjit cfinufnj.@j`. *pjccein fih nrfaafr du `fi `kj`o tkj spjccein fih nrfaafr ei tkj gecj fcc ft di`j dr ydu `fi cjt tkjspjccein fih nrfaafr `kj`ojrs sunnjst `drrj`tedis futdafte`fccy wkecj ydu wdro.<e`rdsdgt gge`j 13?3 `dajs wetk f he`tedifry dg stfihfrh nrfaafr fih spjcceins luttkjy frj idt `daprjkjisevj.

RD6J\ RD&#X (D-j`!e)j !pj uj*!edi*"?."dwjr pdeit `fi hespcfy wke`k dg tkj gdccdwein fhh-ei sdgtwfrj dg <*-gge`j

 'is. (f) Jquftedi Jhetdr (l) rnfie!ftedi %kfrt (`) "kdtd 'clua (h) 'cc dg tkjsj (j)#dij dg tkjsj1. Xd kj`o f prjsjitftedi gdr spjccein jrrdrs

 'is. %ce`o tkj spjccein luttdi di tkj stfihfrh tddc $fr.9. Xkj dutceij tfl jiflcjs tkj usjr td

 'is. (f) vejw tetcj fih ldhy tj&t (l) fhh fih hjcjtj scehjs ( `) hrfn fih hrdp tj&t (h)fhh fih hjcjtj scehj (j) fcc tkjsj:. scehj cfyduts kfvj ... 'rrfinjh ei vfredus `digenurftedis gdr `ditfeiein tj&t dr vesufc

`ditjit   'is. (f) "cf`j kdchjrs (l) prjsjitftedi di tkj eitjrijt ( `) usein dvjrkjfhtrfispfrji`ejs (h) idij dg tkjsj (j) fcc tkjsj

7. 5sein scehj cfyduts tkj ijjh td rj-se!j dlj`ts fih fhust tkj gdit se!j esjceaeiftjh lj`fusj

 'is. "dwjr pdeit futdafte`fccy se!js tkj dlj`ts fih tj&ts td get ei tkj cfydut.L. ke`k gjfturjs kjcp tkj usjr td cd`ftj tkj hjserjh `cep grda %cep 'rt

Page 120: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 120/155

 'is. %cep frt eafnjs kfvj dij dr twd ojy wdrhs fssd`eftjh wetk tkj jitetejs f`tevetejscfljcs fih jadtedis hespcfyjh ei tkj eafnj.H. ' preit dut dg tkj prjsjitftedi dutceij es dgtji usjh fs

 'is. 'i fuheji`j kfihdut.A. "dwjr pdeit usjrs `fi eisjrt wke`k dg tkj gdccdwein etjas ei prjsjitftedi

 'is. (f) frt wdro (l) aucte ajhef jggj`ts ( `) pe`turj 2 pkdtds (h) sduihs fih advejs (j)fcc tkjsjC. Xkj scehj skdw luttdi fccdws f prjsjitftedi td lj hespcfyjh ...  'is. (f) usein f prdj`tedi hjve`j fttf`kjh td f pjrsdifc daputjr (l) ly usein f`daputjr ( `) usein `daputjr f`tein ceoj f dvjrkjfh scehj prdj`tdr (j) fcc tkjsj?3. kjcp td `rjftj f prjsjitftedi que`ocy fih jgge`ejitcy ly fccdwein tkj usjr td fiswjr prdapts gdr spj`ege` `ditjit `retjref

 'is. e!frh .??. "dwjr pdeit usjs wke`k scehj uitec tkj usjr sjcj`t f stycj

 'is. jgfuct jseni Xjapcftj.?1. 6dw es tkj eisjrtedi pdeit cddo ceoj

 'is. ' lceioein vjrte`fc ceij?9. ' sfvjh prjsjitftedi es rjgjrrjh td fs f ?:. %ce`oein tkj +jhd luttdi.

 'is. +jvjrsjs tkj cfst uihd f`tedi.?7. Xkj tfl prdvehjs f que`o jfsy wfy td `rjftj f prjsjitftedi

 'is. (f) dutceij (l) tjapcftjs ( `) cfyduts (h) tj&t cfydut (j) fcc tkjsj?L. Ei drhjr td sjj tkj rjsucts dg ydur `kfinjs...  'is. (f) et es ljst td `kfinj tkj vejw td idrafc vejw wkji fctjrein tkj scehj cfyduts  ?H. i`j `cep frt es eisjrtjh ei td f scehj

 'is. Et `fi lj rjpdsetedijh.?A. 5sein tkj ei "dwjr pdeit f usjr `fi gdra fih adhegy hefnrfas useinskfpjs su`k fs fr`s frrdws `uljs jt`.

 'is. rfwein gjfturj .?C. ke`k es tkj adst `daadi prjsjitftedi ei "dwjr "deit

 'is. Xj&t *cehj `disestein dg f luccjtjh cest.13. '.prdvehjs `disestji`y ei hjseni fih `dcdr tkrdunk dut tkj prjsjitftedi.

 'is. jseni Xjapcftj1?. ' scehjs !dda sjttein fggj`ts.

 'is. Xkj pdrtedi dg tkj scehj hespcfyein ei tkj scehj pfij.11. Ei "dwjr "deit scehj skdw vejw rjstre`t tkj usjrs jvfcuftedi td kdw afiy scehjs ft fteaj

 'is. (f) dij (l) twd ( `) Xkrjj (h) >dur (j) >evj19. "dwjr "deit scehj cfydut spj`egejs wkft...  'is. (f) tkj frrfinjajit dg pcf`jkdchjrs di f scehj (l) vertufc prjsjitftedi di tkjeitjrijt ( `) usein dvjrkjfh trfispfrji`ejs (h) fcc tkjsj (j) idij dg tkjsj  1:. ke`k gjfturj dggjrs f que`o wfy td fhh prdgjssedifc cddoein nrfpke` eafnjs td fprjsjitftedi wetkdut `rjftein tkj eafnjs ydursjcg

 'is. %cep 'rt.17. kft es tkj fspj`t +fted dg fi dlj`t

 'is. Et es tkj rjcftediskep ljtwjji tkj dlj`t kjenkt fih wehtk.

Page 121: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 121/155

1L. kft es fieaftedi  'is. Et es tkj gjfturj ei "dwjr pdeit wke`k fhhs spj`efc vesufc fih sduih jggj`ts fppcejhtd tkj tj&t dr `ditjit fhh eitjrjsts td f scehj skdw fih afojs et td cddo adrjprdgjssedifc.1H. ' scehj e`di hespcfys wkji fi eisjrtedi pdeit dr pfrfnrfpk ..

 'is. +jf`kjs tkj gerst cjvjc1A. '.es fvfecflcj ei "dwjr pdeit td fhh spj`efc wdrhs su`k fs prdpjr ifajs`etejs fih f`rdiyas td f prjsjitftedi sd tkft tkjy wecc idt lj afrojh fs spjcceinjrrdrs

 'is. %ustda e`tedifry.1C. Xkj "dwjr "deit `fi prdhu`j scehjs grda fi dutceij `rjftjh ei <e`rdsdgt wdrh egtkj dutceij es sfvjh td

 'is. (f) f +X> gecj dr pcfei tj&t gecj (l) ay hd`uajits ( `) % hrevj (h) hjso tdp (j) fcctkjsj93. "dwjr "deit nrdups et;s prj sjt fieaftedis s`kjajs eitd ...

 'is. (f) sultcj (l) adhjrftj (`) j&`etein (h) 'cc (f) (l) fih (j) #dij dg tkjsj

9?. Xd stfrt fih `ustdae!j pdwjr pdeit ..  'is. eihdws aust lj ruiiein.91. kji tkj scehj kjenkt es nrjftjr tkfi et;s wehtk

 'is. kji f scehj cfydut es sjt td pdrtrfet drejitftedi.99. *cehj sdrtjr vejw wke`k hespcfys f tkualifec vjrsedi dg jf`k scehj es kjcpguc

 'is. wkji ydu wfit sjj fcc tkj scehjs ei f prjsjitftedi seauctfijduscy9:. lj`ts ei .drejitftedi kfvj wehtks tkft frj nrjftjr tkfi kjenkts

 'is. 8fihs`fpj.97. Jiterj scehj `fi lj hespcfyjh ei tkj scehj pfij.

 'is. (f) ly `ce`oein `ce`o ei tkj !dda cest9L. Xd f`tevftj 0ejw skdw wke`k gui`tedi ojy `fi lj usjh

 'is. >7  9H. Xd f`tevftj 6jcp wke`k gui`tedi ojy `fi lj usjh

 'is. >?.9A. ke`k frj tkj `daleiftedi dg ojys td f`tevftj geih gui`tedi

 'is. %trc S >.9C. ke k frj tkj `daleiftedi dg ojys td f`tevftj rjpcf`j

 'is. %trc S 6.:3. ke`k frj tkj `daleiftedi dg ojys td eisjrt f #jw scehj

 'is. %trc S <:?. ke`k frj tkj `daleiftedi dg ojys td uihd typein

 'is. %trc S I:1. Xkj af&eaua !dda pjr`jitfnj ei "dwjr pdeit es

 'is. (f):33U (l)733U (`)133U (h)?33U (j) #dij dg tkjsj.:9. Xkj frrfinjajit dg jcjajits su`k fs Xetcj sutetcj tj&t pe`turjs tflcjs jt` es`fccjh.

 'is. (f) 8fydut (l). "rjsjitftedi (`) jseni (h) *`kjaj (j) #dij dg tkjsj.::. ' gecj wke`k `ditfeis rjfhy afhj stycjs tkft `fi lj usjh gdr prjsjitftedi es`fccjh

 'is. (f) 'utdstycj (l) e!frh (`) "rj gdraftein (h) Xjapcftj (j) #dij dg tkjsj

Page 122: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 122/155

:7. ke`k vejw ei "dwjr "deit `fi lj usjh td jitjr spjfojr;s `daajits 'is. (f) #drafc (l) *cehj skdw (`) *cehj sdrtjr (h) #dtjs pfnj vejw (j) #dij dg tkjsj:L. ke`k ojy di tkj Gjy $dfrh `fi lj usjh td vejw scehj skdw 'is. (f) >? (l) >1 (`) >9 (h) >7 (j) #dij dg tkjsj:H. Xd eisjrt f ijw scehj ei tkj `urrjit prjsjitftedi wj `fi `kddsj.

 'is. (f) %trc S < (l) %trcS6(`) 'ct S >? (h) *kegt S E (j) #dij dg tkjsj:A. 'ieaftedi s`kjaj `fi lj fppcejh td .. Ei tkj prjsjitftedi 'is. (f) 'cc scehjs (l) sjcj`t scehj (`) `urrjit scehj (h) #dij dg tkjsj (j) 'cc tkjsj:C. Jccepsj <dtedi es f prj-hjgeijh.(f) jseni Xjapcftj (l) %dcdr *`kjaj (`) 'ieaftedi *`kjaj (h) 'cc dg tkjsj (j) #dij

dg tkjsj73. ??. ke`k typj dg gdits frj ljst suetjh gdr tetcjs- fih kjfhceijs(f) *jreg >dits (l) *fis *jreg >dits (`) Xj&t >dits (h) "e`turj >dits (j) #dij dg tkjsj7?. ke`k typj dg gdits frj ljst suetjh td hespcfy cfrnj faduit dg tj&tf) *jreg >dits (l) *fis *jreg >dits (`) Xj&t >dits (h) "e`turj >dits (j) #dij dg tkjsj71. ' kfrt `fi lj put up fs f pfrt dg tkj prjsjitftedi usein

(f) Eisjrt -b%kfrt (l) Eisjrt -b"e`turj %kfrt (`) Jhet -b%kfrt (h) 0ejw -b %kfrt (j) #dijdg tkjsj79. j `fi rjpcf`j f gdit di fcc scehjs wetk fidtkjr ly usein tkj dptedi.(f) Jhet -b>dits (l) Xddcs -b>dit (`) Xddcs-b+jpcf`j >dits (h) >draft-b+jpcf`j >dits(j) #dij dg tkjsj7:. ke`k dptedi ei "dwjr "deit fccdws td `frry scehjs grda dij `daputjr td fidtkjr(f) *fvj fs (l) *fvj fih ,d (`) "f`o fih ,d (h) jl fih ,d (j) #dij dg tkjsj77. Xkj ld&js tkft frj hespcfyjh td eihe`ftj tkft tkj tj&t pe`turjs dr dlj`ts frj pcf`jhei et es `fccjh.

 'is. (f) "cf`jkdchjr (l) 'utdXj&t (`) Xj&t ld& (h) drh 'rt (j) #dij dg tkjsj7L. ke`k dptedi `fi lj usjh td sjt `ustda teaeins gdr scehjs ei f prjsjitftedi(f) *cehjr Xeaeins (l) *cehjr Xeajr (`) +jkjfrsfc (h) *cehj *kdw *jtup (j) #dij dgtkjsj7H. ke`k dptedi `fi lj usjh td `rjftj f ijw scehj skdw wetk tkj `urrjit scehjs lutprjsjitjh ei f heggjrjit drhjr(f) +jkjfrsfc (l) %ustda *cehj *kdw (`) *cehj *kdw *jtup (h) *cehj *kdw 0ejw (j)#dij dg tkjsj7A. 'gtjr `kddsein f prjhjgeijh tjapcftj wke`k dptedi kfs td lj `kdsji td `kfinj tkjlf`onrduih `dcdr(f) %dcdr *`kjaj (l) 'ieaftedi *`kjaj (`) jseni Xjapcftj (h) %dcdr Jggj`ts (j) #dijdg tkjsj7C. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein es fi j&fapcj gdr 'utdafte` Xj&t gdrafttein (f) 5ihjrceiein6ypjrceio (l) 'hustein j&trf spf`j (`)) +jp?f`ein twd -Fs wetk fi ja kypkji (h) 'cc dgtkjsj (j) #dij dg tkjsjL3. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein luttdi es flsjit ei tkj gdrafttein tddclfr ei "dwjr"deit(f) 8jgt 'ceni (l) +enkt 'ceni (`) %jitjr (h) Mustegy (j) #dij dg tkjsjL?.ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein we!frhs 2 tjapcftjs j&est ei "dwjr"deit(f) 'utd `ditjit we!frh (l) Xjapcftj (`) $cfio prjsjitftedi (h) 'cc dg tkj fldvj (j) #dijdg tkj fldvjL1. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein vejw es idt prjsjit ei "dwjr"deit

Page 123: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 123/155

(f) #drafc (l) utceij (`) *cehj sdrtjr (h) *cehj skdw (j) #dij dg tkjsjL9. Xd hupce`ftj f scehj usein tkj jhet ajiu wj kfvj td nd td(f) #drafc 0ejw (l) *cehj sdrtjr 0ejw (`) *cehj skdw 0ejw (h) 'iy dg tkj fldvj (j) #dijdg tkj fldvjL:. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein ojy (s) es4 usjh td rui f prjsjitftedi ei f "dwjr pdeit

 'is. (f) >7. (l) >: (`) >9 (h) >1 (j) >9L7. Xkj futd `ditjit we!frh `disests dg.stjps(f) 7 (l) L (`) H (h) A (j) #dij dg tkjsj

LL. Xkjrj frj f tdtfc dg f`tedi; luttdis ei "dwjr"deit(f) ?1 (l) ?7 (`) ?L (h) ?A (j) #dij dg tkjsjLH. Xd prjvjit f scehj grda ljein hespcfyjh hurein tkj scehj skdw wj (f) kfvj td hjcjtj tkj scehj (l) `fi kehj tkj scehj ly usein tkj fieaftedi luttdi (`) `fikehj tkj scehj ly usein tkj scehj skdw ajiu (h) fiy dg tkj fldvj (j) #dij dg tkj fldvjLA. 93. ke`k `daafih es usjh td quet "dwjr"deit(f) 'ct S >: (l) 'ct S *kegt S >: (`) >: (h) Jetkjr (f) dr (l) (j) #dij dg tkjsjLC.Xkj af&eaua iualjr dg scehjs fccdwjh ei dij prjsjitftedi dr scehj skdw es

- #d af&eaua ceaet H3. Xd geih f tj&t ei ydur prjsjitftedi -- *jcj`t WJhet^= sjcj`t W>eih^= ei tkj ld& typj tj&t ydu wfit td geih= `ce`o Wgeih fcc^ H?. Xd geih fih rjpcf`j tj&t ei ydur prjsjitftedi- *jcj`t WJhet^= sjcj`t W+jpcf`j^H1. Xd fhh f hupce`ftj scehj td ydur pdwjrpdeit prjsjitftedi -- *jcj`t WEisjrt^= sjcj`t Wupce`ftj *cehj^H9. Xkj prjsjitftedi rjftjh kfs tkj hjgfuct j&tjisedi dg - .pptH:.Xkj vejw wkjrj ydu `fi typj spjfojr idtjs td usj hurein ydur prjsjitftedi4ydu `fifcsd preit f `dpy dg ydur idtjs gdr rjgjrji`j es - - #dtjs "fnj vejwH7. Xkj vejw tkft es idrafccy usjh td sjj tkj `ditjits dg ydur prjsjitftedi fih tddrnfiesj ehjfs gdr ydur prjsjitftedi= ydu `fi sjj ydur afei pdeits gcdw grda scehj tdscehj es - - utceij vejwHL. Xkj vejw tkft cjts ydu rjfrrfinj ydur scehj ei ydur prjsjitftedi jfsecy (ydu `fi sjjydur jiterj prjsjitftedi sd ydu `fi jfsecy fhh hjcjtj fih advj scehjs) -- *cehj *drtjr vejwHH. Xd hjcjtj tkj scehj grda prjsjitftedi -- Ei tkj W*cehj *drtjr vejw^= sjcj`t tkj scehj= ket hjcjtj ojyHA. Xd advj f scehj ei tkj drhjr dg tkj prjsjitftedi -- Ei tkj W*cehj *drtjr vejw^= sjcj`t scehj= `ce`o W%ut^ e`di di W*tfihfrh tddclfr^= pcf`j`ursdr ljtwjji scehjs wkjrj ydu wfit td advj tkj `ut scehj= `ce`o W"fstj^ e`di diW*tfihfrh tddclfr^HC. Xd eisjrt %cep grda %cep 'rt ei tkj scehj -- *jcj`t WEisjrt^= sjcj`t W"e`turj^= sjcj`t W%cep 'rt^= sjcj`t `ftjndry fih tkj `cep tkft yduwfit td eisjrt= sjcj`t WEisjrt^A3. Xd eisjrt pe`turj ei ydur scehj- *jcj`t WEisjrt^= sjcj`t W"e`turj^= sjcj`t W>rda gecj^= sjcj`t %cep 'rt td lj eisjrtjh= sjcj`tW3 G^A?. Xd fhh tflcj ei ydur scehj -- *jcj`t WEisjrt Xflcj^ di W*tfihfrh tddclfr^ fih sjcj`t iualjr dg rdws fih `dcuais

Page 124: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 124/155

A1. Xkj iualjr dg prjhjsenijh scehj cfyduts ei lcfio prjsjitftedi -- 1:A9. Xkj iualjr dg vejws tkft fccdw ydu td kfvj cddo ft ydur prjsjitftedi - -:A:. Xd afoj f `kfinj tkft wecc fggj`t fcc scehjs ei ydur prjsjitftedi tkji afoj tkj`kfinj di`j ei tkj - - *cehj afstjr 

A7. Xd hespcfy scehj iualjr ft tkj ldttda dg jvjry scehj hurein scehj skdw- *jcj`t W0ejw^= sjcj`t W6jfhjr fih >ddtjr^= Ei tkj ld& sjcj`t scehj iualjr= `ce`o diW'ppcy td fcc^AL. Xd fhh fieaftedi td ydur scehj -- *jcj`t tkj scehj= sjcj`t W*cehj *kdw^= sjcj`t W"rjsjit 'ieaftedi^= sjcj`t rjquerjhfieaftedi fih fppcyAH. "dwj rpdeit hdjs idt prdvehj - - "reit 8fydut 0ejwAA. <f&eaua "jr`jitfnj td wke`k ydu `fi !dda f scehj - - :33UAC. Xkj dptedi ei preit tkft fccdws preitein `dpejs ei prdpjr leihein drhjr - - %dccftjC3.Xkj scehj `fi lj rjfrrfinjh ei - *cehj *drtjr 0ejwC?. Xkj hjgfuct gecjifaj dg "dwjr"deit - - "rjsjitftedi ?

C1.Xkj dptedi wke`k fccdws td nevj 'ieaftedi fih fgtjr 'ieaftedi jggj`ts ei *cehj *kdw<jiu - - %ustda 'ieaftedi

@dapu!jr XjraeidcdnNcd**fr dg Xj`ie`fc Xjra*

FFF/ &! es tkj skdrt gdr 'utkjite`ftedi 'utkdre!ftedi fih '``duitein. Et es f systja eiE"-lfsjh ijtwdroein td `ditrdc wkft `daputjr rjsdur`js usjrs kfvj f``jss td fihojjp trf`o dg tkj f`tevety dg usjrs dvjr f ijtwdro. Xkj ''' sjrve`js dgtji rjquerj fsjrvjr tkft es hjhe`ftjh td prdvehein tkj fldvj- ajitedijh tkrjj sjrve`js. +'E5* es fij&fapcj dg fi ''' sjrve`j.

F-*dcu!j fhhrj**Et es f ge&jh fhhrjss ei ajadry. Xkj tjra flsdcutj hesteinueskjs et grda f rjcftevjfhhrjss wke`k eihe`ftjs f cd`ftedi ly spj`egyein f hestfi`j grda fidtkjr cd`ftedi.

 'lsdcutj fhhrjssjs frj fcsd `fccjh rjfc fhhrjssjs fih af`keij fhhrjssjs.F``j** @dhj Et es tkj sfaj fs pfsswdrh f sjrejs dg `kfrf`tjrs fih iualjrs tkftjiflcjs f usjr td f``jss f `daputjr.P F``j** Cj)jcEi `daputjr $E* sjtteins gdr Eitjc hjsotdp ldfrhs '``jss 8jvjc es f afeitjifi`jdptedi tkft hespcfys tkj `urrjit usjr;s f``jss cjvjc.P F``j** Xeaj/Xkj teaj f prdnrfa dr hjve`j tfojs td cd`ftj f seincj pej`j dg eigdraftedi fih afoj et

fvfecflcj td tkj `daputjr gdr prd`jssein. Xkj f``jss teaj gdr heso hrevjs ei`cuhjs tkjteaj et f`tufccy tfojs gdr tkj rjfh4wretj kjfh td cd`ftj f sj`tdr di tkj heso (`fccjh tkjsjjo teaj). Xkes es fi fvjrfnj teaj sei`j et hjpjihs di kdw gfr fwfy tkj kjfh es grdatkj hjserjh hftf.F``j**/ Et ajfis vesetein f jl setj tkj f`t dg rjfhein hftf grda dr wretein hftf td f stdrfnjhjve`j fih wkji `fpetfce!jh fs '``jss et rjgjrs td <e`rdsdgt '``jss.P F``dui! ifaj/

Page 125: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 125/155

 Et rjgjrs td ydur cdnei E dr usjr E. Xkj wdrh ydu typj ft tkj cdnei prdapt es ydurjcj`trdie` ifaj.P F``dui!/Et es ydur suls`reptedi td f ijtwdrojh `daputjr systja.P F``dui!ein *dg!+frj/

 Et rjgjrs td f `cfss dg `daputjr sdgtwfrj dr prdnrfaaj tkft kjcps f``duiteinprdgjssedifcs afinj f``duits fih pjrgdra f``duitein dpjrftedis.P F`!e)j @jcc/ Et es tkj `jcc ei f sprjfhskjjt prdnrfaaj su`k fs <* J&`jc tkft ydu frj wdroein eifih ehjitegejh ly f tke`o hfro ldrhjr. kji fi f`tedi tfojs pcf`j ei tkj sprjfhskjjtsu`k fs hftf jitry gdrafttein dr hjcjtein hftf et es tkj f`tevj `jcc tkft es fggj`tjh.P Fhhrj** -u*/

 ' `dccj`tedi dg werjs `diij`tein tkj %"5 wetk afei ajadry tkft es usjh td ehjitegypfrte`ucfr cd`ftedis (fhhrjssjs) ei afei ajadry. Xkj wehtk dg tkj fhhrjss lus (tkft estkj iualjr dg werjs) hjtjraeijs kdw afiy uiequj ajadry cd`ftedis `fi lj fhhrjssjhFhhrj**/ Et es f `kfrf`tjr dr nrdup dg `kfrf`tjrs tkft ehjitegy f rjnestjr f cd`ftedi dr

sdaj dtkjr hftf sdur`j dr hjsteiftedi usufccy ei afei ajadry dr di f heso. du `fitkeio dg `daputjr ajadry fs fi frrfy dg stdrfnj ld&js jf`k dg wke`k es dij lytj eicjintk. Jf`k ld& kfs fi fhhrjss (f uiequj iualjr) fssenijh td et esos frj hevehjheitd trf`os fih sj`tdrs jf`k dg wke`k kfs f uiequj fhhrjss. 5sufccy ydu hd idt ijjhtd wdrry fldut fhhrjssjs uicjss ydu frj f prdnrfaajr.P FHR Et es skdrt gdr 'utdaftjh d`uajit >jjhjr. 's tkj ifaj sunnjsts et es usjh tdfutdafte`fccy gjjh pfnjs eitd tkj s`fiijrs fih `dpejrs. Xkes kjcps ei gf`ecetftein gfstjrwdro fs jf`k eihevehufc pfnj hdjs idt ijjh td lj gjh eitd tkj `dpejr dr s`fiijr.P FH%C Et es skdrt gdr 'syaajtre` enetfc *uls`reljr 8eij wke`k es f typj dg lrdfhlfih`daauie`ftedis tj`kidcdny usjh gdr `diij`tein td tkj Eitjrijt. Et fccdws adrj hftf tdlj sjit dvjr j&estein `dppjr tjcjpkdij ceijs wkji `dapfrjh td trfhetedifc adhjaceijs. Et suppdrts hftf rftjs dg ?.7 td C <lps wkji rj`jevein hftf (oidwi fs tkjhdwistrjfa rftj) fih ?L td L:3 Glps wkji sjihein hftf (oidwi fs tkj upstrjfa rftj).P FNR/ Et es skdrt gdr '``jcjrftjh ,rfpke`s "drt4'hvfi`jh ,rfpke`s "drt. Xkes es fnrfpke`s `frh j&tjisedi pdrt usjh td fttf`k f nrfpke`s `frh td f `daputjr;sadtkjrldfrh Et es usjh wetk nfajs fih fppce`ftedis td stdrj fih rjtrejvj cfrnjr fihljttjr 9 skfpjs fih tj&turjs.F&00/ Et es skdrt gdr 'uhed Eitjr`kfinj >ecj >draft f `daadi gdraft gdr stdrein fihtrfisaettein sfapcjh sduih. Xkj gdraft wfs hjvjcdpjh ly 'ppcj %daputjr fih es tkjstfihfrh fuhed gdraft gdr <f`eitdsk `daputjrs. 'E>> gecjs njijrfccy jih wetk f .'E> dr.EJ> j&tjisedi.P FIF'/Et es skdrt gdr 'syi`krdidus Mfvf *`rept. Et es usjh td `rjftj wjl pfnjs tkft frj adrjeitjrf`tevj fih usflcj. Xkes es hdij usein 6X<8 fih %fs`fhein stycj skjjtsP Fcjr! LdE/ Xkj cettcj ld& tkft pdps up td eigdra ydu tkft tkj `daputjr ydu frj wdroeindi es fldut td pjrgdra fi dpjrftedi wke`k afy kfvj hfafnein `disjquji`js es `fccjhtkj fcjrt ld&. 5sufccy ydu `fi afoj et nd fwfy ly f `ce`o dg tkj luttdis fvfecflcj di et dr ly usein tkj adusj.

Page 126: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 126/155

P Fcndre!a/ ' prd`jss dr sjt dg rucjs td lj gdccdwjh ei - `fc`ucftedis dr dtkjr prdlcja-sdcvein dpjrftedis jspj`efccy ly f `daputjr. j usj fcndretkas jvjry hfy. >drj&fapcj f rj`epj gdr lfoein f `foj es fi fcndretka. <dst prdnrfas wetk tkj j&`jptedidg sdaj frtege`efc-eitjccenji`j fppce`ftedis `disest dg fcndretkas.P Fceniaji!/ Xkj frrfinjajit dg tj&t dr nrfpke`s rjcftevj td f afrnei. Xkj tj&t `fi lj

renkt-fcenijh `jitjrjh cjgt-fcenijh dr guccy fcenijh (ustegejh).Fifcdn Et hjs`reljs f hjve`j dr systja tkft rjprjsjits `kfinein vfcujs fs `diteiuduscyvfreflcj pkyse`fc qufitetejs. kji usjh ei rjgjrji`j td hftf stdrfnj fih trfisaessedififcdn gdraft es tkft ei wke`k eigdraftedi es trfisaettjh ly adhucftein f `diteiudustrfisaessedi senifc su`k fs fapcegyein f senifc;s strjintk dr vfryein ets grjquji`y tdfhh dr tfoj fwfy hftf. >dr j&fapcj tjcjpkdijs tfoj sduih velrftedis fih turi tkjaeitd jcj`tre`fc velrftedis dg tkj sfaj skfpj ljgdrj tkjy frj trfisaettjh dvjr trfhetedifctjcjpkdij ceijs.P Fieaf!edi

 ' seaucftedi dg advjajit `rjftjh ly hespcfyein f sjrejs dg pe`turjs dr grfajs. %frtddis

di tjcjvesedi frj tkj j&fapcjs dg fieaftedi. 'ieaftedi di-`daputjrs es dij dg tkj `kejgeinrjhejits dg aucteajhef prjsjitftedis./ Fieaf!dr 

 'i eihevehufc frtest wkd `rjftjs fi fieaftedi. 6j4skj hj`ehjs kdw f adhjc wecc advjwkft f s`jij cddos ceoj fih fcsd wkft sdgtwfrj fih tddcs wecc lj usjh gdr prdhu`tedi.P Fi!e7)eru* Et es f typj dg `daputjr sdgtwfrj tkft s`fis gecjs sjfr`kjs gdr fih njts reh dg `daputjrverusjs fih dtkjr kfraguc sdgtwfrj.Fr`e)j/ Et es tkj prf`te`j dg `dpyein prdnrfas fih; hftf ditd fi fu&ecefry stdrfnjajheua (gcfsk heso tfpj jt`.) gdr cdin-tjra rjtjitedi.P F\RF#JX/ Xkj prj`ursdr td tkj Eitjrijt wke`k wfs f cfrnj wehj-frjf ijtwdro `rjftjhly tkj 5ietjh *tftjs jgjisj 'hvfi`jh +jsjfr`k "rdj`t 'nji`y ('+"') Jstflceskjhei ?CLC et sjrvjh fs f tjst-ljh gdr ijw ijtwdroein tj`kidcdnejs ceioein afiyuievjrsetejs fih rjsjfr`k `jitrjs/ Frrd+ $j*/ Et rjgjrs td tkj ojys di tkj ojyldfrh usjh td advj tkj `ursdr up hdwicjgt dr renkt.P F**ja-cjr  ' prdnrfa tkft trfiscftjs prdnrfas grda fssjalcy cfinufnj td af`keijcfinufnj./ F**ja-c cfinufnj/ Et es f cdw cjvjc prdnrfaaein cfinufnj usein tkj kuafirjfhflcj eistru`tedis dg tkj %"5 Et `disests dg eistru`tedis tkft frj aijadie` `dhjs gdr`drrjspdihein af`keij-cfinufnj eistru`tedis. <f`keij cfinufnjs `disest jiterjcy dgiualjrs fih frj fcadst eapdsselcj gdr kuafis td rjfh fih wretj.P FXF/ Et es skdrt gdr 'hvfi`jh Xj`kidcdny 'ttf`kajit. Xkj hrevj `ditrdccjr es herj`tcy`diij`tjh td tkj hrevj usein 'X' wke`k es f typj dg heso hrevj ' spj`ege` `ditrdccjr esidt rjquerjh td suppdrt tkj hrevj fs tkj 'X' kfrh hrevj es jidunk gdr tkj `daputjrprdvehjh tkj adtkjrldfrh suppdrts fi 'X' `diij`tedi.FXA/ Et es tkj skdrt gdra gdr 'syi`krdidus Xrfisgjr <dhj f ijtwdro tj`kidcdny lfsjhdi trfisgjrrein hftf ei `jccs dr pf`ojts dg f ge&jh se!j Xkj `jcc usjh wetk 'X< esrjcftevjcy safcc `dapfrjh td uiets usjh wetk dchjr tj`kidcdnejs wke`k fccdw 'X<

Page 127: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 127/155

jquepajits td trfisaet vehjd fuhed fih `daputjr hftf dvjr tkj sfaj ijtwdro fihfssurj tkft id seincj typj dg hftf kdns tkj ceij./ F!!f`aji!*/ Et rjgjrs td f gecj fttf`kjh td fi j-afec ajssfnj wkji ydu sjih et tdsdajdij jcsj./ FZR Et es skdrt gdr '``jptflcj 5sj "dce`y. Et es f `ditrf`t spj`e?;ein wkft f suls`reljr

`fi fih `fiidt hd wkecj usein fi Eitjrijt *jrve`j "rdvehjr (E*");s sjrve`j fih `ditfeistkeins ceoj ceflecety hes`cfeajrs cests dg f`tedis dr ljkfvedur tkft wecc rjsuct ei tkjtjraeiftedi dg f `ustdajr;s f``duit.P Fu!ji!e`f!edi/ Et es tkj prd`jss dg ehjitegyein fi eihevehufc usufccy lfsjh di fusjrifaj fih pfsswdrh. 'utkjite`ftedi es lfsjh di tkj ehjf tkft jf`k eihevehufc usjrwecc kfvj uiequj eigdraftedi tkft sjts kea dr kjr fpfrt grda dtkjr usjrs./ Fu!dre*f!edi/ Et es tkj prd`jss dg nrfitein dr hjiyein f usjr f``jss td ijtwdrorjsdur`js di`j tkj usjr kfs ljji futkjite`ftjh tkrdunk tkj usjrifaj fih pfsswdrh.Xkj faduit dg eigdraftedi fih tkj faduit dg sjrve`js tkj usjr kfs f``jss td hjpjihdi tkj usjr;s futkdre!ftedi cjvjc.FLF@Z%/

Xkj jfrcejst oidwi `daputein hjve`j ei wke`k ljfhs frj advjh fcdin werjs sjt ei fwddhji grfaj.Fcndre!a/ Xkj stjp ly stjp prd`jhurj ei hjgeijh tjras td pjrgdra f wdro.F#FCDN/+jprjsjitftedi fih ajfsurjajit dg iuajre`fc hftf ly `diteiuduscy vfreflcj pkyse`fcqufcetejs.Jn. Xkjrj frj eigeietj iualjrs ljtwjji dij fih twd. (*jj E,EX'8)FRRC&@FX&D# %D0X6F\J/ ' daputjr prdnrfa `dapecjh gdr sdaj spj`ege` purpdsjsu`k fs wdrh prd`jssein hjsotdp pulceskein dr `daauie`ftedis.F\\D6 $JU%/ Gjys usjh td advj tkj `ursdr td tkj gdur herj`tedis cjgt renkt up fihhdwi.F\X&0&@&FC &#XJCC&NJ#@J/ Xkj s`eji`j dg afoein af`keijs tkft `fi rjfsdi ceojkuafi ljeins.F#FCUX&@FC J#N&#J/ <j`kfie`fc `fc`ucftein af`keij hjvjcdpjh ly %kfrcjs$fllfnj ei ?A99. Et es `disehjrjh fs tkj prdtd typj dg `daputjr.F#&AFX&D# / "rd`jss dg afoein fi dlj`t fppjfr td advj ly rfpehcy hespcfyein fsjrejs dg pe`turjs dg et.Fi!e)eru* prdnrfa/ Et es f utecety tkft prdtj`ts `daputjr fnfeist verusjs ly ehjitegyein

fih rjadvein fiy `daputjr verusjs gduih ei ajadry di stdrfnj ajhef dr di ei`daein

gecjs.

Lf`.up **!ja/ Et es f wfy dg stdrein hftf td f sj`dih ajheua fs f prj`futedi ei `fsj

tkj gerst ajheua gfecs. Jvji tkj adst rjceflcj `daputjr es fpt td lrjfo hdwi jvjitufccy.*d td lj sfgj ydu skduch ojjp dij lf`oup ei f heggjrjit cd`ftedi grda tkj dtkjrs useindpjrftein systja `daafihs dr ydu `fi luy f spj`efc-purpdsj lf`oup utecety. $f`oupprdnrfas dgtji `daprjss tkj hftf sd tkft lf`oup rjquerj gjwjr hesos.P Lfih+eh!/ $fihwehtk rjgjrs td tkj faduit dg hftf tkft `fi lj trfisgjrrjh tkrdunkjetkjr f adhja `diij`tedi dr ijtwdro wetkei f stepucftjh teaj. Et es ajfsurjh ei twdwfys\ei fifcdn hjve`js 6jrt! dr `y`cjs pjr sj`dih es usjh wkjrjfs ei henetfc hjve`jset es rjprjsjitjh ei $ets pjr sj`dih (lps) dr $ytjs pjr sj`dih.

Page 128: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 128/155

P LF%&@/ Et es skdrt gdr $jneiijrs; 'cc-purpdsj *yaldce` Eistru`tedi %dhj. Et es f kenk-cjvjc prdnrfaaein cfinufnj wke`k wfs hjvjcdpjh ei tkj aeh-?CL3s fih wfs jfsy tduihjrstfih fih seapcj td usj. #ualjrs wjrj dreneifccy usjh ft tkj ljneiiein dg jf`keistru`tedi td tjcc tkj `daputjr tkj drhjr ei wke`k td prd`jss tkj eistru`tedi. #dw-f-hfys F8ddps; frj usjh td prdvehj eistru`tedis.

P Lfuh \f!j Xkj lfuh eihe`ftjs tkj iualjr dg lets pjr sj`dih tkft frj trfisaettjh.Xkj kenkjr tkj lfuh rftj tkj gfstjr hftf es trfisgjrrjh.L``/Et es tkj skdrt gdr $ceih %frldi %dpy wke`k `dajs fcdin wetk `daafihs FXd; fih F%`;fih fppjfrs wkecj fi jafec es ljein sjit. < j-afec fhhrjss wrettji ei tkj $jj ld& weccjiflcj tkj afec td lj sjit td tkj rj`epejit wetkdut tkj oidwcjhnj dg tkj afei rj`epejit.P Lj!f !j*!/

 ' tjst gdr f `daputjr prdhu`t predr td `daajr`efc rjcjfsj. $jtf tjstein es tkj 8fst stfnjdg tjstein fih idrafccy `fi eivdcvj sjihein tkj prdhu`t td ljtf tjst setjs dutsehj tkj`dapfiy gdr rjfc-wdrch j&pdsurj dr dggjrein tkj prdhu`t gdr f grjj trefc hdwicdfh dvjrtkj Eitjrijt. $jtf tjstein es dgtji prj`jhjh ly f rduih dg tjstein `fccjh fcpkf tjstein.

LF@$ %RF@J/ Gjy tkft advjs tkj `ursdr dij pcf`j td tkj ?jgt jrfsein tkj `kfrf`tjr.LF%&@/ $jneiijrs 'cc -purpdsj *yaldce` Eistru`tedi %dhj fi jfsy - td cjfri `daputjrcfinufnj usein seapcj wdrhs fih syaldcs.LF%&@ %XFXJAJ#X/ Xkj uiet dg f $'*E% prdnrfa. Ei $'*E% jf`k eistru`tedi nevji tdtkj `daputjr es f stftjajit.L&#F\U H&N&X%/ Jetkjr tkj `kfrf`tjr 3 dr ? tkj henets ei tkj leifry iuajrfc systja.L&X 'llrjveftedi gdr $eifry enet.LCF#$ R\J%J#XFX&D# 'i japty squfrj spf`j ei tkj sdgtwfrj td prjpfrj hespcfyscehjs.LDDX&#N/ Xd stfrt dr rjstfrt f `daputjr systja ly cdfhein pfrt dg tkj dpjrfteinsystja eitd tkj afei ajadry dg tkj `daputjr.LUXJ/ *kdrt gdr leifry henet jenkt. 5iet dg ajadry.' nrdup dg jenkt lets.+jprjsjits fcjttjr syaldc dr spf`j.@FR% CD@$ ' ojy usjh td *kegt fcpkfljt `kfrf`tjrs grda cdwjr`fsj td ZRRJ\@F%J5@H H\&8J ' hrevj ceoj f >cdppy heso hrevj ei wke`k f %-+< es usjh.@H7\DA *kdrt gdr %dapf`t es`-+jfh -icy <jadry. 'i dpte`fc hes` (?13 `a eihefajtjr fih ?.7aa tke`oijss) wke`k `fi stdrj L73 ajnflytjs dg eigdraftedi.@KF\CJ% LFLLFNJ Xkj eivjitevj njieus dg tkj ?Ctk `jitury wkd hjsenijh fihafhj aj`kfie`fc `fc`ucftein af`keijs. 6j es oidwi fs tkj gftkjr dg `daputjr.@C&@$/ "rjss fih rjcjfsj cjgt-adusj luttdi di`j.@C&R F\X ' dccj`tedi dg rjfhy- td-usj pe`turjs tkft `fi lj usjh ei hd`uajits `rjftjhusein f `daputjr.@CD%J/ Xd stdp tkj ruiiein dg f prdnrfa.@DAAZ#&@FX&D#  Xrfisgjr dg eigdraftedi ljtwjji f trfisaettjr fih f rj`jevjr.@DARZXJ\ CF#NZFNJ/ ' sjt dg rucjs dr `divjitedis gdr eistru`tein tkj `daputjr.LF%&@> @DLDC fih IF8F frj sdaj dg tkj `daputjr cfinufnjs@DARZXJ\ R\DN\FA ' sjquji`j dg hjtfecjh eistru`tedis usjh td herj`t tkjdpjrftedi;s dg tkj `daputjr.

Page 129: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 129/155

@DRU/ Xd rjprdhu`j hftf ei f ijw cd`ftedi dr dtkjr hjsteiftedi cjfvein tkj sdur`j hftfui`kfinjh.@DRU\&NKX +enkt dg f pjrsdi dr eistetutedi di dreneifc `rjftedis pe`turjs vehjd`ceppein fih. sdgtwfrj. %dpyrenkt prjvjits dtkjrs grda usein tkjsj aftjrefc wetkdutpjraessedi dg tkj `dpyrenkt kdchjr.

@RZ (%jitrfc "rd`jssein 5iet) *kdrt gdr %jitrfc "rd`jssein 5iet. Et es tkj `daputjr;slrfei. et es fi eitjnrftjh `er`uet tkft `frrejs dut `daputftedi2 fih cdne`fc dpjrftedis.@Z\%D\/ ' advflcj afro usjh td eihe`ftj f usjr;s pdsetedi di tkj `daputjr s`rjji.@ZX/ +jadvein f gecj dr pfrt dg f gecj gdr pfstein jcsjwkjrj.HJ0FZCX/ ' prjsjit vfcuj dptedi dr sjttein fppcejh ly f prdnrfaaj uicjss tkj usjrspj`egejs dtkjrwesj.HJCJXJ $JU Gjy tkft hjcjtjs f `kfrf`tjr dr sjcj`tjh tj&t dr nrfpke`s.HJ%$ XDR/ Xkj s`rjji sjji wkji tkj dpjrftein systja es rjfhy gdr wdro.H&FCDNZJ LD'  Xkj safcc pdp-up weihdws ei sdaj fppce`ftedi prdnrfas usufccy`ditfeiein f qujstedi tkft rjquerjs f rjspdisj grda tkj usjr.H&N&XFC/ 6fvein f hes`rjtj sjt dg vfcujs fs dppdsjh td f `diteiudus sjt dg vfcujs.

(*jj '#'8,)H&N&XFC @FAJ\F ' fajrf wke`k usjs henetfc tj`kidcdny td `fpturj eafnjs eistjfhdg f pkdtdnrfpke` geca. Xkj henetfc eafnj es stdrjh ei tkj `fajrf;s ajadry fih tkes `filj trfisgjrrjh td fi dutsehj stdrfnj hjve`j su`k fs f kfrh heso.H&\J@XD\U/ ' cest dg fcc tkj gecjs di f heso. 'csd `fccjh gdchjr.H&%$ H\&8J ' hjve`j tkft kdchs f gcdppy heso dr f kfrh heso fih rjfhs fih wretjs hftfusein f rjfh4 wretj kjfh.HD@ZAJ#X F\JF@C&J#X F\JF 'rjf ei weihdw gdr prjpfrein tj&t dr eafnj.HD@ZAJ#X %dccj`tedi dg eigdraftedi dr tj&t prjpfrjh usein f sdgtwfrjHDX AFX\&' R\&#XJ\ ' preitein hjve`j wke`k preits `kfrf`tjrs fs f pfttjri dg`cdsjcy-spf`jh hdts prdhu`jh ly f sjt dg teiy peis.HDZLCJ @C&@$/ Xwd que`o `ce`os di f adusj luttdi wetkdut advein tkj adusj. 5sjhgdr stfrtein f prdnrfa dr prdnrfa gjfturj skdwi tkrdunk e`dis.H\FN/ "rjssein tkj adusj luttdi kdchein et fih tkji advein tkj adusj. 'i eafnj drlcd`o dg tj&t `fi lj advjh ly hrfnnein.HXR/ (Hj*. Xdp Ru-ce*ein"  jsotdp "ulceskein. 5sein pjrsdifc `daputjr fihnrfpke`s sdgtwfrj td hjseni fih preit pfnjs `dapcjtj wetk pe`turjs fih tj&tJH&X <jtkdh dg adhegyein hftf ei gecjs (jn. eisjrt `ut `dpy pfstj jt`.)JH&X AJ#Z <jiu skdwein dptedis gdr jhetein tj&t fih pe`turjs (`ut. `dpy pfstj jt`)pji *dur`j *dgtwfrj es prdvehjh gdr usj adhege`ftedi fih rjhestrelutedi fih kfs idrjstre`tedi grda tkj `dpyrenkt kdchjr. Et `fi lj usufccy hdwicdfhjh grda tkj wjl ft id`dst.JC%J &0 %daafih ei $'*E% fppcejh wkji tkj `dihetedi gdccdwein E> es idt sftesgejh.J7AF&C  *kdrt gdr jcj`trdie` afec. ' ajtkdh gdr sjihein ajssfnj ly tkj usj dg`daputjrs fih tjcj`daauie`ftedis.J#H Eistru`tedi ei $'*E% td skdw tkft tkj prdnrfa es dvjr.J#H $JU/ Xkj ojy wke`k advjs tkj `ursdr td tkj sjih; pdsetedi hjgeijh ly tkjfppce`ftedi prdnrfa.J#XJ\/ Eiputtein hftf eitd tkj `daputjr tkrdunk tkj ojy ldfrh.

Page 130: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 130/155

J#XJ\ $JU Xkj ojy wkji prjssjh trfisaets eistru`tedi td tkj `daputjrs. kji et esprjssjh tkj `ursdr wecc advj td tkj ljneiiein dg tkj ij&t ceij.J\F%J/ Jrfsein hftf grda gcdppy hes` dr kfrh hes`.J\\D\/ ' aestfoj `fusein f `daputjr prdnrfa td prdhu`j ei`drrj`t rjsucts.JEe!/ td stdp tkj dpjrftedi dg f prdnrfa fih swet`k lf`o td tkj dpjrftein systja dg tkj

`daputjr.Jcj`!rdie` Afec/ Et rjgjrs td tkj prd`jss dg sjihein rj`jevein stdrein fih gdrwfrheintj&tufc ajssfnjs ei henetfc gdra tkrdunk tjcj`daauie`ftedi `kfiijcs.Jcj`!rd*!f!e` prei!jr  Et es f idi-eapf`t preitjr. Et preits hdt-aftre& `kfrf`tjrs dij ft fteaj wetk tkj kjcp dg werjs dr peis tkft suppcy jcj`tre`fc `kfrnj ei tkj hjserjh pfttjrisdi td fi fcuaeiua `dftjh pfpjr.Jcj`!rd*!f!e` *!drfnj/ Et rjgjrs td f stdrfnj ajheua fs gdr tkj s`rjji dg f %+X tkftstdrjs kets ei tkj gdra dg `kfrnjh frjfs.Jcj`!rd !jrafc prei!jr/ Et es f kenk-spjjh preitjr. Et afojs usj dg kjftjh jcjajits td`rjftj `kfrf`tjrs fs aftre`js dg safcc hdts di kjft sjisetevj pfpjr..Jcjaji!/ Et rjgjrs td fi etja dg hftf wetkei fi frrfy dr f aftre&.

J5A5&/ Jcj`trd-<fnijte` Eitjrgjrji`j.Jaae!jr `dupcjh cdne` Et es f typj dg cdne` `er`uet njijrfccy usjh ei kenk spjjh`daputjrs.Jaucf!j/ Xd eaetftj dij kfrhwfrj systja wetk fidtkjr wetk tkj kjcp dg fi jcj`trdie`fttf`kajit. Xkj eaetftein systja ljkfvjs j&f`tcy ei tkj sfaj wfy fs tkj systjaeaetftjh.Jaucf!edi/ Xd f`t j&f`tcy ceoj fidtkjr j.n. f `daputjr tkft jaucftjs fidtkjr kfs tkjsfaj pkyse`fc jcj`tre`fc prdpjrtejs. Jaucftdr es f hjve`j tkft es usjh ei `diui`tedi wetkspj`efc rduteij fih et jiflcjs tkj `daputjr ei j&j`utein tkj af`keij cfinufnjprdnrfas wrettji gdr fidtkjr `daputjr dg hesseaecfr hjseni wetkdut fiy predr trfiscftedi.Et njijrfccy `disests dg stdrjh cdne` ei f rjfh dicy stdrfnj uiet tkft eitjrprjts fihsteaucftjs tkj gui`tedis dg jf`k eistru`tedi ei tkj dreneifc `daputjr prdnrfa.Ji`epjr/ Et ajfis td `kfinj tkj eigdraftedi f``drhein td `jrtfei wjcc hjgeijh rucjs sdtkft et `fi idt lj rjfh wetkdut tkj oidwcjhnj dg tkjsj rucjs.Ji`dhj/ <jfis td `divjrt hftf eitd f `dhj.Ji`dhjr/ Et es tkj `er`uet tkft `frrejs dut tkj wdro dg ji`dhein.Ji`rp!edi/ Et rjgjrs td tkj prd`jss dg `kfinein f ajssfnj ei su`k f wfy tkft etlj`dajs ei`daprjkjiselcj td fiydij j&`jpt td tkdsj wkd kfvj tkj ojy td etshj`ryptedi.Jih/ Et es f prdnrfaaein stftjajit tkft senifcs tkj jih dg stftjajit td lj j&j`utjh fttkj jih dg tkj prdnrfa.Jih7jggj`!dr/ Et rjgjrs td tkj kfih fttf`kjh td tkj afiepucftdr dg rdldt. Et es fcsd `fccjhnreppjr.Jih7afr./ ' dhj usjh wkji wdroein wetk f strjfa dg hftf wkji et es ij`jssfry tdeihe`ftj tkj jih dg vfredus etjasJih u*jr/ Et rjgjrs td fiy pjrsdi wkd usjs `daputjr wetk sdgtwfrj. "rdnrfaajrs frjnjijrfccy idt `disehjrjh fs jih-usjrs.Ji!jr .j/ ' ojy di sdaj ojyldfrh tkft es usjh td trfisgjr tkj ceijs dg hftf tkft kfvj

 ust ljji typjh td tkj `daputjr gdr prd`jssein fih td rjturi tkj `ursdr td tkj gerst-pdsetedi di tkj ij&t ceij.

Page 131: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 131/155

Ji!e!/ +jgjrs td fiy dlj`t tkft kfs sdaj ajfiein gdr f spj`ege` fppce`ftedi.Ji!r/ Et rjgjrs td tkj prd`jss dg eiputtein hftf.J5D5L/ Jih g $cd`o.JDH Jih dg fyJ5D50/ Jih dg >ecj.

J5D5I Jih dg Mdl.J5D5A/ Jih dg <jssfnj.J5D5X Jih dg Xrfisaessedi.J5R5D Jajrnji`y "dwjr dgg.J5R5\5D5A/ Jrfsflcj "rdnrfaaflcj +jfh icy <jadry.Jrf*f-cj/ Et es f ajtkdh dg stdrein eigdraftedi tkft pjraets ydu td jrfsj tkj sfajeigdraftedi j.n. afnijte` tfpj gcdppy tfpj jt`.Jrf*j/ Xd rjadvj hftf grda stdrfnj wetkdut rjpcf`ein et.Jrndidae`*/ Et es tkj stuhy dg tkj pkyse`fc rjcftediskeps ljtwjji pjdpcj fih tkjer wdrojiverdiajit.Jrrdr/ +jgjrs td fiy hes`rjpfi`y ljtwjji f `daputjh dlsjrvjh dr ajfsurjh qufitety

fih tkj truj dr tkjdrjte`fc vfcuj. Jrrdr `fi lj huj td aestfojs ei prdnrfaaein dr huj tdgfucty jquepajit dr kuafi aestfojs.Jrrdr7aj**fnj/ ' prdnrfaajr `fi put f ajssfnj di tkj s`rjji td skdw wrdin wkjijvjr fi jrrdr d``urs. *u`k f wdrhein es `fccjh jrrdr-ajssfnj.J*`fpj `frf`!jr/ Et rjgjrs td f `kfrf`tjr tkft `fusjs tkj `kfrf`tjr tkft gdccdws et td ljeitjrprjtjh heggjrjitcy grda tkdsj prj`jhein et.J)ji!/ Et rjgjrs td fi d``urrji`j hurein tkj j&j`utedi dg f tfso.JE`jc/ Et es f pfnj aftein X" sdgtwfrj.JEj`u!j/ <jfis td rui f prdnrfa di `daputjr.JEjr`e*jr/ Et es f hjve`j tkft jiflcjs usjrs td `rjftj fih hjlun prdnrfas fihkfrhwfrj eitjrgf`js afiufccy.JEe!/ Et es tkft pdeit ei fi fcndretka dr f prdnrfa grda wke`k `ditrdc es trfisgjrrjhsdajwkjrj jcsj.JEe! pdei!/ Et es tkj fhhrjss dg tkj eistru`tedi ei f prdnrfa tkft trfisgjrs `ditrdc td fsulrduteij.JE!ji*edi/ 'hhetedifc gjfturjs fhhjh td f prdnrfaaein cfinufnj dr `daputjr systja.JE!jrifc rjgjrji`j/ +jgjrji`j td f syaldc hjgeijh ei fidtkjr rduteij.JE!rf`!edi/ Xkj prd`jss dg sjcj`tein vfredus `dapdijits grda f stdrfnj uiet.0f`j af.jr/ Et es f pej`j dg sdgtwfrj. Et es usjh di %daadhdrj -L: kdaj `daputjr. Ethjvjcdps tkj `kech;s tfcjit gdr `rjftevj hjseni.0F@J%/ >f`j 'ifcyses %dapfresdi fih Jceaeiftedi *ystja.0f`*eaecj/ Et rjgjrs td tkj s`fiiein dg f hd`uajit fih `divjrtein tkj skfhein eitdsenifcs tkft `fi lj trfisaettjh wetk tkj kjcp dg werjs dr rfhed wfvjs. ' `dpy dg tkjdreneifc hd`uajit es tkji `rjftjh wetk tkj kjcp dg tkjsj senifcs.0fec *fgj/ Et es f systja hjsenijh td fvdeh `ftfstrdpkj pdsselcy ft tkj j&pjisj dg`divjieji`j.0fi7ei/ Et rjgjrs td tkj iualjr dg eiput ueits (adstcy ge&jh) td f cdne` nftj dr cdne`hjve`j.0f!fc jrrdr/ Et prjvjits tkj j&j`utedi dg f prdnrfa fih `fusjs prd`jssein td `jfsj.

Page 132: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 132/155

>fuct tdcjrfit "rdvehjh wetk lf`o up `er`uets ei su`k f wfy tkft ei `fsj dg gfecurjhupce`ftjs wduch futdafte`fccy swet`k di. Ei afiy `fsjs f hupce`ftj `er`uet rjpjfts tkjf`tevety dg ets afei `er`uet sd tkft id cdss dg hftf d``urs hurein tkj swet`k dvjr.0fuc! !dcjrfi!/"rdvehjh wetk lf`o up `er`uets ei su`k f wfy tkft ei `fsj dg gfecurj hupce`ftjs wduch

futdafte`fccy swet`k di. Ei afiy `fsjs f hupce`ftj `er`uet rjpjfts tkj f`tevety dg ets afei`er`uet sd tkft id cdss dg hftf d``urs hurein tkj swet`k dvjr.05H5A >rjquji`y evesedi <uctepcj&ein.05J5F/ >eietj Jcjajit 'ifcyses.0jjh/ Et rjgjrs td tkj advjajit dg `daputjr tj&t ly dij ceij. Xkj ei`cusedi dg gjjhs eitj&t dutput td preitjrs jisurjs tkft tkj preitjr advjs hdwi f ceij fgtjr et preits jf`k ceijdg tj&t di pfpjr. 8eij gjjhs frj njijrfccy usjh ei `diui`tedi wetk `frrefnj rjturis.05J5&/ >jhjrftedi gdr Jcj`trdie` Eihustrejs (Eihef).0j!`/ Et rjgjrs td f `daafih gdr f``jssein fi eistru`tedi ei f spj`egejh ajadrycd`ftedi gdr purpdsj dg hj`dhein fih j&j`utedi.05N5@5%/ >egtk ,jijrftedi %daputjr *ystja.

05&505D/ >erst Ei gerst ut.0ecj`di)/ Et es f hftf `divjrsedi sdgtwfrj. Et es usjh td `divjrt hftf ei dij cfinufnjgdraft td fidtkjr cfinufnjs.0&CJ/ %dccj`tedi dg rjcftjh rj`drhs trjftjh fs f lfse` uiet dg stdrfnj. Xd kfihcj gecjs fihhesteinuesk ljtwjji tkja tkj gecjs frj td lj ifajh.0eij**j/ ' X" sdgtwfrj.0&R%/ >jhjrfc Eigdraftedi "rd`jssein *tfihfrh.0era +frj/ +jgjrs td prdnrfas tkft frj kjch ei rjfh dicy ajadrejs (+<). *u`kprdnrfa `fi lj f``jssjh que`ocy fih frj idt- cdst wkji tkj af`keij es swet`kjh dgg.0er*! njijrf!edi `dapu!jr*/ +jgjrs td `daputjrs stfrtjh ei ?C:3. *u`k `daputjrsusjh jcj`trdie` vfcvjs. *daj su`k `daputjrs frj J*'% J0'% J#E'% jt`.0eEjh cjin! recj*/ Xkjy stdrj rj`drh ei su`k f wfy tkft tkj fppce`ftedi prdnrfa `firjf`k gdr tkja herj`tcy wetkdut rjgjrji`j td fiy dtkjr rj`drh.0eEjh pdei! fre!aj!e`/ Et eivdcvjs kfvein tkj hj`eafc pdeit dg jvjry iualjr ei tkj`drrj`t pcf`j. Et es pdsselcj td sjt tkj pdsetedi ljgdrj f `fc`ucftedi.0cfn/ Et es fi eihe`ftedi ei tkj prdnrfa td afro fi uiusufc jvjit dr skdw tkj j&estji`jdg f `jrtfei `dihetedi. Et es njijrfccy f seincj let wke`k es sjt td di dr dgg fs tkj prdnrfaj&j`utjs.0cep gcdp (00"/ 'i jcj`tre` `er`uet jcjajit `fpflcj dg j&keletein jetkjr dg twd stflcjstftjs fih dg swet`kein ljtwjji tkjsj stftjs ei f rjprdhu`elcj afiijr. Xkjy frj dij letajadry jcjajits. Xkjy frj grjqujitcy usjh ei henetfc `er`uets.0cepp/ dulcj sehjh gcdppy.0cdf!ein pdei! id!f!edi/ ' rjprjsjitftedi dg rjfc iualjrs tkft jiflcjs ldtk vjry safccfih vjry cfrnj iualjrs td lj `divjiejitcy j&prjssjh.0cdpp he*./ Et es f gcj&elcj afnijte` heso tkft es usjh gdr suppcyein fih stdrein hftf gdrf ae`rd `daputjr. eso afy lj seincj dr hdulcj sehjh.0cd+ `fr!/ Et es f pe`tdrefc hjs`reptedi dg teaj sjquji`jh f`tevetejs fih cdne` td ljpjrgdrajh ly `daputjr gdr `frryein dut hftf prd`jssein di `daputjr su`k `kfrts frjusjh ly prdnrfaajrs td stfrt prdnrfaaein f`tevety ljgdrj f`tufc prdnrfaajs frjwrettji.

Page 133: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 133/155

0DCHJ\/ ' ifajh nrdup dg gecjs. 'csd `fccjh erj`tdry.0D#X ' typj gf`j dg pfrte`ucfr se!j fih pfrte`ucfr stycj.0D\AFX Xkj wfy f hd`uajit cddos di f s`rjji dr pfnj.0d`u*/ Et es tkj wdrch;s cfrnjst sjccein :,84 $<* wetk f wkdcj ijw `di`jpt eieigdraftedi afifnjajit.

0di!/ ' ifaj nevji ei tkj typj gf`j gdr fcc `kfrf`tjrs fih pui`tuftedi ei`cuhein tkjse!j.0draf! jggj`!dr/ Et es f `ditrdc `kfrf`tjr. Et es usjh td fhust tkj gdraft dg hftf preiteinrj`drhein dr hespcfyein njijrfccy ly f syaldc .0dra gjjh `frf`!jr  ' gdraft jggj`tdr `fusein f preitjr td advj td tkj gerst ceij di tkjij&t pfnj dr gdra.0dr!/ Et es f prdnrfaaein cfinufnj. Et es afiy f teaj gfstjr fs `dapfrjh td $'*E%. Etes nddh gdr dls tkft ijjh f que`o rjspdisj.0dr!rfi/ >draucf Xrfiscftedi. Et es f prdnrfaaein cfinufnj wehjcy usjh gdr s`ejitege``daputftedi.0dur! njijrf!edi `dapu!jr/ Et rjgjrs td `daputjrs luect hurein ?CA3;s. Xkjy kfvj f

`fpf`ety dg 7333G fih spjjh dg 93 aeccedi eistru`tedis pjr sj`dih (93 aeps).0dur! njijrf!edi cfinufnj (3NC"/ Xkjsj frj tkj adst rj`jit typjs dg prdnrfaaeincfinufnjs. Jf`k cfinufnj es hjsenijh gdr f pfrte`ucfr typj dg fppce`ftedi.0dE -f*j/ ftf $fsj <fifnjajit *ystja Et es seaecfr td h$fsj EEE. Et es quetj vjrsftecj.0dE aj**fnj/ ' sjitji`j typjh td `kj`o tkft jf`k `kfrf`tjr es ljein trfisaettjh`drrj`tcy ly f tjraeifc.0rfaj/ 'i dgtji aesuihjrstddh wdrh ei tkft et hjs`reljs dij s`rjji gucc (fldut ?73wdrhs)0rjj+frj/ es f `dpyrenktjh sdgtwfrj prdvehjh ft id `dst td f usjr ly fi eihevehufc dr f`dapfiy.0Z#@X&D# $JU%/ Xkjsj ojys `fi lj prdnrfaajh td hd spj`efc dls.N/ ' syaldc usjh gdr nrjftjr tkfiN\FRK&@ / %daputjr - njijrftjh pe`turjs -ceij hrfwein lfr nrfpks dr hjtfecjheafnjs.NZ& (Nrfpe`fc Z*jr &i!jrgf`j"/ 'i eitjrf`tevj usjr eitjrgf`j tkft nrfpke`fccy hespcfyseigdraftedi.NL/ ,enf $ytjNJ/ ' syaldc usjh gdr nrjftjr tkfi dr jqufc tdN@\/ ,rdup %dhj +j`drheinNKO/ ,enfkjrt!N&0/ ,rfpke` Eitjr`kfinj >draftN&ND/ ,frlfnj Ei ,frlfnj utN&#D ,rfpke`fc Eiput utputN$% ,rfpke`fc GjrifcsystjaNA#/,cdlfc <use` #jtwdroNfr-fnj/ Et rjgjrs td cjss hftf hrj td jrrdrs ei tkj prdnrfa dr ei tkj hftf.NFXJ/ Et rjgjrs td f pfrt dg f trfisestdr tkdunk et es usjh td hjs`relj f cdne` `er`uet wetksjvjrfc eiputs fih dij dr twd dutputs.

Page 134: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 134/155

Nf!j+f/ ' hjve`j su`k fs aeie dr ae`rd`daputjr `fpflcj dg dpjrftein di f stfih drfcdij lfses lut wke`k fcsd prdvehjs f `diij`tedi gdr `daauie`ftedi wetk dtkjr`daputjrs fih f``jss td skfrjh rjsdur`js.N&%X/ ,rfpke`s lfsjh Eitjriftedifc *`rept Xj`kidcdnyKF\H H&%$H\&8J/ *tdrfnj hjve`j pjrafijitcy aduitjh eisehj f `daputjr. %fi

stdrj sjvjrfc aeccedi lytjs dg eigdraftedi.KF\H6F\J/ "kyse`fc jquepajit dg `daputjrs su`k fs jcj`trdie` afnijte` fihaj`kfie`fc hjve`js.KDAJ $JU/ Xkj ojy tkft advjs tkj `ursdr td tkj ljneiiein dg f ceij.&@D# / ' syaldc tkft nrfpke`fccy rjprjsjits f prdnrfa dr prdnrfa gjfturj ei tkjsdgtwfrj dr tkj `daputjr.&0XKJ# - ' stftjajit ei lfse` wei`k spj`egejs tkj dpjrftedis td lj `frrejh dut wkecj f`dihetedi es truj.&#0D\AFX&D# ftf tkft kfs ljji `dccj`tjh fih prd`jssjh eitd fi drnfiesjh usflcjgdra.&#0D\AFXD# 7 XJ@K#DCDNU / Xkj fppce`ftedi dg fpprdpreftj tj`kidcdny td trfisaet

stdrj fih afiepucftj eigdraftedi td sdcvj -prdlcjas fih afoj hj`esedis.&#$ IJX R\&#XJ\/ Xypj dg preitjr ei wke`k eio hrdpcjts frj prdpjccjh usein jcj`tre`fcsenifcs td preit cjttjrs fih eafnjs.&#RZX HJ8&@J% / jve`js su`k fs ojyldfrh adusj jt`. tkft f``jpt hftf grda tkjusjr `divjrt tkja eitd jcj`tre`fc senifcs fih nevj tkja td tkj `daputjr &#%J\X/ ptedis ei f sdgtwfrj gdr ei`drpdrftein tj&t pe`turjs dr fuhed eitd f pfnj.&#XJ\#JX/ ' ijtwdro dg aeccedis dg `daputjrs frduih tkj wdrch. Eihevehufc `daputjrsfih cd`fc `daputjr ijtwdros `fi lj `diij`tjh td tkj eitjrijt.IDU %X&@$ Eiput hjve`j `diij`tjh td `daputjrs jspj`efccy gdr nfajs.$JU LDF\H / 'i frrfinjajit dg typjwretjr ojys fih suppdrtein `er`uets usjh fs fieiput hjve`j ei `daputjr systja.CFR XDR @DARZXJ\/ ' safcc pdrtflcj `daputjr tkft `fi lj ojpt di tkj cfp.CF%J\ stfihs gdr 8enkt 'apcege`ftedi ly *teaucftjh Jaessedi dg +fheftedi.CF%J\ R\&#XJ\/ ' preitjr tkft usjs cfsjr ljfas td prdhu`j eafnjs di pfpjr.CFUDZX/ Xkj dvjrfcc stycj dg frrfinjajit dg tj&t pe`turjs fih cjttjr ei f pfnj.CJX/ Eistru`tedi ei $'*E% td ge& tkj vfcuj dg f vfreflcj.C&NKX RJ#/ ' kfih kjch cenkt sjisetevj eiput hjve`j usjh td `ditrdc tkj `ursdr lyseapcy tdu`kein tkj hespcfy s`rjji.C&#J/ Eistru`tedi ei $'*E% td hrfw f ceij.C&#$/ %daauie`ftedi `kfiijc ljtwjji twd systjas dr hjve`js.C&#Z'/ ' ojrijc dg fi dpjrftein systja adhjcjh di 5#E] hjvjcdpjh ly 8eiusXdcvfchs.CDN&#CDND#/  Xkj prd`jss dg ehjitegyein f usjr ly f pfsswdrh td f `daputjr.AF&#0\FAJ @DARZXJ\/ ' cfrnj `daputjr `fpflcj dg prd`jssein hftf vjry gfst.5sjh fs tkj `jitrfc `daputjr ei len eistetutedis.AF'&A&%J/ Xetcj lfr luttdi td jicfrnj weihdw se!j td tkj af&eaua.A&@\DRKD#J/ jve`j `diij`tjh td f `daputjr tkft f``jpts sduih fs fi eiput.A&#& @DARZXJ\/ ' %daputjr lennjr tkfi f ae`rd`daputjr fih safccjr tkfi f afeigrfaj `daputjr.

Page 135: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 135/155

A&#&A&%J LZXXD#/ ' luttdi gdr rjhu`ein f weihdw td tkj gdra dg fi e`di. kji tkjadusj pdeitjr es `ce`ojh di tkes e`di tkj weihdw fssuajs ets dreneifc se!j.ADHJA/ *kdrt gdr adhucftdr4hjadhucftdr. 'i jcj`trdie` hjve`j tkft jiflcjs f`daputjr td `daauie`ftj fih j&`kfinj eigdraftedi tkrdunk f tjcjpkdij ceij. 'adhja `divjrts tjcjpkdij senifcs eitd henetfc senifcs fih ve`j-vjrsf

AD#&XD\/ Xjcjvesedi ceoj hjve`j usjh gdr hespcfyein eafnjs njijrftjh ly tkj`daputjr.ADZ%J/ ' aj`kfie`fc dr dpte`fc pdeitein hjve`j usjh td advj tkj di- s`rjji pdeitjr.Xkj adusj kfs dij dr adrj luttdis td-senifc td tkj `daputjr tkj sjcj`tedi dg vfredusprdnrfa dptedis.ADZ%J RFH/ ' gcft surgf`j td advj tkj adusj di.AZCX&AJH&F/ ' dccj`tevj ifaj gdr tj&t pe`turjs fieaftjh nrfpke`s sduih fih vehjd.Auc!e!f*.ein ajfis ruiiein adrj tkfi dij fppce`ftedi ei ajadry ft tkj sfaj teaj.#fid*j`dih ajfis dij lecceditk dg f sj`dih.#j!+dr. (fs fppcejh td `daputjrs) type`fccy ajfis f nrdup dg `daputjrs wdroeintdnjtkjr. Et `fi fcsd rjgjr td tkj pkyse`fc werj `diij`tein tkj `daputjrs.

#d!j-dd. es f safcc cfptdp wetk seaecfr pre`j pjrgdrafi`j fih lfttjry cegj.Drnfie*jr  es f teiy `daputjr usjh preafrecy td stdrj ifajs fhhrjssjs pkdij iualjrsfih hftf lddo eigdraftedi. Xkjy usufccy kfvj sdaj flecety td j&`kfinj eigdraftedi wetkhjsotdp systjas.Dp!e`fc He*. es f kenk-`fpf`ety stdrfnj ajheuaD% (dpjrf!ein **!ja" es tkj prdnrfa tkft afifnjs f `daputjr;s rjsdur`js. %daadi*js ei`cuhj eihdws FC7 eihdws 1333 eihdws ]" <f` * 8eiu& *dcfres

 'aenf * 'E] eihdws #X jt`.Rfcj!!j es f safcc gcdftein weihdw tkft `ditfeis tddcs usjh ei f nevji fppce`ftedi.Rfr!e!edi es f sulhevesedi dg f kfrh hrevj surgf`j tkft es hjgeijh fih usjh fs f sjpfrftjhrevj.Rf*!j ajfis td eisjrt tj&t dr dtkjr aftjrefc grda tkj `cepldfrh dr `dpy luggjr.Rfnjr es f safcc rfhed rj`jevjr tkft senifc usjrs td `fcc sdajdij.R@(Rjr*difc @dapu!jr" prdpjrcy rjgjrs td fiy hjsotdp cfptdp dr idtjlddo `daputjrsystja.R@& es fi f`rdiya gdr "jrepkjrfc %dapdijit Eitjr`kfinj - tkj ijwjr gfstjr lusfr`ketj`turj.Rjrepjrfc es fi fhh-di `dapdijit td ydur `daputjr.RHF (Rjr*difc Hene!fc F**e*!fi!) es f safcc lfttjry- pdwjrjh `daputjr eitjihjh td lj`frrejh frduih ly tkj usjr rftkjr tkfi cjgt di f hjso. Et es f kfih kjch `daputjr tkftstdrj fih drnfiesj `ditrf`t eigdraftedi `fcjihfrs tfso cests fih dtkjr drnfie!ftedifcfih trfvjc eigdraftedi. Xkes ajfis tkft tkj prd`jssdr usjh dunkt td lj pdwjr-jgge`ejitfs wjcc fs gfst fih tkj * dunkt td lj dpteae!jh gdr kfih-kjch usj.Rcf!gdra rjprjsjits f `daputjr;s gfaecy. Et es hjgeijh ly ldtk tkj prd`jssdr typj di tkjkfrhwfrj sehj fih tkj * typj di tkj sdgtwfrj sehj. %daputjrs ljcdinein td heggjrjitpcftgdras `fiidt type`fccy rui jf`k dtkjr;s prdnrfas (uicjss tkj prdnrfas frj wrettji eif cfinufnj ceoj Mfvf).Rdei!jr/ et es f safcc syaldc hespcfyjh di tkj s`rjji tkft advjs fs f usjr advjs tkjadusj.

Page 136: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 136/155

Rdp7up ajiu/ 'iy ajiu tkft hdjs idt fppjfr ft tkj tdp dg tkj s`rjji ei tkj ajiu lfr(afy pdp up dr hdwi).Rdr! es f `diij`tedi sd`ojt dr f`o di tkj `daputjr.Rrei! %pddcjr  es f prdnrfa tkft stdrjs hd`uajits td lj preitjh di tkj kfrh hrevj tkjrjly grjjein tkj ajadry up fih fccdwein dtkjr gui`tedis td lj pjrgdrajh wkecj preitein

ndjs di ei tkj lf`onrduih.Rrei!jr  es f pej`j dg kfrhwfrj tkft wecc preit `daputjr eigdraftedi ditd pfpjr.Rrd`j**dr (@RZ dr @ji!rfc Rrd`j**ein Zie!" es tkj pfrt dg tkj `daputjr tkft f`tufccywdros wetk tkj hftf fih ruis tkj prdnrfas. Xkjrj frj twd afei prd`jssdr typjs ei`daadi usfnj tdhfy %E*% fih +E*%. *daj `daputjrs kfvj adrj tkfi dijprd`jssdr fih frj tkus `fccjh F<ucteprd`jssdr;.Rrdnrfa es f sjrejs dg eistru`tedis gdr f `daputjr tjccein et wkft td hd dr kdw tdljkfvj. Et es fcsd tkj vjrl tkft ajfis td `rjftj f prdnrfa fih f prdnrfaajr es dijwkd prdnrfas.Rui`jh @frh

 'i jfrcy stdrfnj ajheua. Ei %daputjrs tkft frj hespcfyjh ei f skdp. Xkjsj `daputjrs

frj afeicy gdr prjvejw. Xkjsj `daputjrs frj rfrjcy gerjwfccjh lut frj adietdrjh. Xkjyfrj ceojcy td kfvj eitjrijt f``jsset. ftf es rjprjsjitjh ly f sjrejs dg pfttjri kdcjs ei fstegg `frh. Jf`k `frh `fi `ditfei uptd A3 `kfrf`tjrs.Rui`jh !fpj / +jgjrs td tkj pfpjr tfpj fgtjr et kfs ljji pui`kjh. Ei et jf`k rdwstdrjs dij `kfrf`tjr.Rurnj / Xd jrfsj f gecj.Ru* / Xd put hftf eitd tkj tdp cd`ftedis dg f prdnrfa stf`o.Ru!/ Xd wretj f rj`drh.5L5J / @ujry $y J&fapcj.5C5%5F5A / @ujujh Eihj&jh *jqujitefc '``jss <jtkdh.ufh hji*e! / Et es usjh gdr spj`egyein tkj hftf stdrfnj `fpf`ety vjrsus spf`j dg tkj`daputjr heso.ufi!eOein ide*j / +jgjrs td tkj lf`onrduih idesj tkft es `fusjh ly tkj pucsj `dhj-adhucftedi jrrdrs.ujr cfinufnj / +jgjrs td f cfinufnj tkft es pfrte`ucfrcy hjsenijh td fssest tkj usjrtd eitjrrdnftj f pfrte`ucfr hftflfsj.uj*! / 'i jhu`ftedifc sdgtwfrj.ujuj / Et es f cest dr ceij dg hftf wkjrj ijw etjas frj fhhjh ft dij jih fih tkj etjasfrj tfoji grda dtkjr jih.ujujh f``j** aj!dh / +jgjrs td fiy hftf f``jss ajtkdh wkjrjei tkj trfisgjr dghftfljtwjji afei ajadry fih eiputMdutput hjve`j es futdafte`fccy rjnucftjhsyi`krdiduscy.uji`ein !jdr / Et es f rjsjfr`k tj`kiequj tkft `di`jrijh wetk sjfr`kein dg tkj`drrj`t sjqujitefc drhjrs dg advein uiets.ue`. he*`diij`! / Et es f typj dg pcun ei jcj`tre`fc sd`ojt tkft pjraets rfpeh cd`oein fihuicd`oein dg tkj afoein `diij`tdr vfcvjs.ue`. Ajhe`fc \jgrji`j (A\" / 't J&pjrt*ystja tkft sjrvjs fs fi jcj`trdie` tj&t lddo f cdw cjvjc `disuctfit fih f hefnidste``disuctfit.

Page 137: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 137/155

uep/ @ufh-ei-ceij pf`ofnj. Et kfs gdur `dcuais dg peis di tkj E% pf`ofnj fsdppdssjh td f hufc ceij pf`ojh wetk twd rdws.6J\XU/ Xkj ojyldfrh cfydut dg fcpkfljts fs ei f typj wretjr.\FA es f`rdiya gdr +fihda-'``jss <jadry.\j*j! %+e!` es f swet`k tkft rjstfrts tkj `dapecjr ei tkj jvjit dg f `rfsk dr grjj!j.

\j*eOj LdE es tkj safcc squfrj ft tkj - cdwjr renkt `drijr dg f weihdw wke`k wkjihrfnnjh rjse!js tkj weihdw.\&%@ es f`rdiya gdr +jhu`jh Eistru`tedi *jt %daputein= tkj safccjr sjt dg `daafihs.\DA es f`rdiya gdr +jfh icy <jadry= ajadry tkft `fi dicy lj rjfh grda fih idtwrettji td.\dd! herj`!dr es tkj afei kfrh hrevj weihdw.\ui/ +uiiein f prdnrfa es kdw et es afhj td hd sdajtkein4Xkj tjra Fj&j`utj; ajfistkj sfaj tkein.\f`j `dihe!edi  +jgjrs td eihjgeietj stftj tkft rjsucts wkji twd `daputjr eistru`tedisfrj dpjrftein `di`urrjitcy fih et es idt pdsselcj td nujss wke`k dg tkja wecc geiesk gerst.\fheE / Xkj iualjr dg hestei`t henets ei f ge&jh- rfhe& iualjr systja.

\fheE pdei! +jgjrs td f syaldc tkft es usjh td sjpfrftj fi eitjnrfc pfrt grda grf`tedifcpfrt dg f iualjr j&prjssjh ei f rfhe& idtftedi.\fheE *dr!ein / Et es f prd`jss dg sdrtein fcndretka wkjrjei tkj gecj es gerst sdrtjh di tkjcjfst seniege`fit henet dg tkj sdrt ojy tkji tkj ij&tfih sd di.\fihda f``j**  +jgjrs td tkdsj gecjs tkft pjraets tkj dpjrftein systja td geih dut tkjj&f`t pdsetedi dg fiy rj`drh eistfitcy.\fihda f``j** hj)e`j / Et es f pjrepkjrfc (j.n. afnijte` heso) tkft `fi lj rjfh ei fheggjrjit drhjr grda tkft ei wke`k et wfs wrettji.\fihda cdne` / +jgjrs td f rjcftevjcy idi-uiegdra henetfc cdne` `er`uet.\fihda iua-jr njijrf!dr / Et es f hjve`j tkft prdhu`js f sjrejs dg rfihda iualjrsei f rjquerjh qufitety.%*!ja &i!jrrup! / <jfis f lrjfo ei tkj idrafc j&j`utedi dg f prdnrfa dr rduteij tkftes f``dapceskjh ei su`k f wfy tkft tkj usufc sjquji`j `fi lj rjsuajh grda tkj pdeit.%*!ja d)jrjfh / Et es tkj pjr`jitfnj dg teaj tkft f `daputjr systja gui`tedis fs fsupjrvesdr rftkjr tkfi ei tkj pjrgdrafi`j dg fi f`tufc prdnrfa.%f!jiehe*. / ' heso rjsjrvjh gdr stdrfnj dg prdnrfas fih hftf usjh ly tkj dpjrfteinsystja fih dg vfredus dtkjr systja prdnrfas.%*!ja *dg!+frj / +jgjrs td sdgtwfrj wke`k pjrgdras tfsos gdr tkj systja etsjcg.%f)j ajfis td wretj f gecj ditd f heso.%f)j f* (f >ecj ajiu etja) ajfis td sfvj f prjveduscy sfvjh gecj ei f ijw cd`ftedifih4dr wetk f ijw ifaj..%`fiijr  es f pej`j dg kfrhwfrj tkft wecc j&faeij f pe`turj fih prdhu`j f `daputjr gecjtkft rjprjsjits wkft et sjjs.F hene!fc `fajrf es f rjcftjh hjve`j.%`rdcc ajfis td skegt tkj `ditjits dg f weihdw td lrein kehhji etjas eitd vejw.Xf-/ *yaldce` rjprjsjitftedi gdr tflucftj.Xf*./ +jgjrs td fiy prdnrfaaj tkft `fi lj j&j`utjh.Xjapcf!j/ Xjapcftj es f hd`uajit tkft `ditfeis tkj gdrafttein ij`jssfry gdr f spj`ege`hd`uajit typjXe!cj Lfr es tkj kdre!ditfc lfr ft tkj tdp dg f weihdw wke`k kfs tkj ifaj dg tkj gecj drgdchjr et rjprjsjits5

Page 138: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 138/155

Xrdfi Kdr*j/  Et es f afce`edus - cdne` prdnrfa tkft kehjs wetkei dr cddo ceoj f cjneteaftjprdnrfa su`k fs f s`rjji sfvjr.Xf-/ *yaldce` rjprjsjitftedi gdr tflucftj.Xf-cj / Xkj frrfinjajit dg hftf ei rdws fih `dcuais. Et fcsd rjgjrs td tkj rjddrh dgdlsjrvftedi ei su`k f gdra tkft et fccdws heggjrjit rjsucts td lj rjcftjh td dij fidtkjr.

Xf-cj! Et rjgjrs gdr hftf tflcjt wke`k es f afnijte` eiput hjve`j. Et `divjrts nrfpke`sfih pe`tdrefc hftf eitd leifry eiputs gdr usj ei `daputjrs.Xf-ucf!j / <jfis td preit rjsucts ei f hjserjh gdraft fih tflucfr gdra.Xf`d* / Et es f hftf `divjrsedi sdgtwfrj. Et es usjh gdr `divjrtein hftf ei dij cfinufnjgdraft td fidtkjr cfinufnj.Xfn / Et rjgjrs td tkft pdrtedi dg fi eistru`tedi wke`k `frrejs tkj iualjrs dg eihj&rjnestjr tkft fggj`ts tkj fhhrjss ei tkj eistru`tedi.Xfn gecj Et es f `dccj`tedi dg tfns stdrjh fs gecj. Et es usjh ei f prdnrfa td herj`tcy f``jsstkj gucc rj`drhs stdrjh ei fidtkjr gecj.Xfn rjfhjr   Et es fi jcj`trdie` hjve`j tkft esusjh td `fpturj hftf di lfr `dhjh rfnsrjcftein td heggjrjit `daadhetejs.

Xfn *dr!/ Et es f sdrt dg tfn gecj lut idt f gucc gecj. Et es usjh gdr que`o rjtrejvfc dg rj`drhsgrda tkj dreneifc gecj.Xfec / Et rjgjrs td tkj spj`efc hftf etja tkft cd`ftjs tkj jih dg f cest.Xfc. / Xkj prd`jss dg trfisgjrrein tkj hftf ljtwjji twd hjve`js j.n. ljtwjji f`daputjr fih f tjraeifc.Xfpj/ +jgjrs td afnijte` tfpj. ' afnijte` tfpj es usjh td stdrj eigdraftedi trfisaeggjhgrda `daputjr. "fpjr tfpjs frj fcsd usjh gdr tkes purpdsj. Ei `fsj dg afnijte` tfpjshftf es njijrfccy stdrjh ei lcd`os. Ei tkes tkj `daputjr `kj`os jf`k lcd`o ei fhhetedi td`kj`oein tkj pfrety let dg jf`k `kfrf`tjr.Xfpj `f**j!!j / Et es f sjqujitefc f``jss stdrfnj ajheua. Et es usjh ei ae`rd`daputjrsystjas gdr henetfc rj`drhein.Xfpj hre)j / Et es f afnijte` stdrfnj hjve`j. Et usjs afnijte` tfpj dr tfpj `fssjttj dr`frtrehnjs.Xfpj gecj / +jgjrs td f gecj rj`drhjh di f afnijte` tfpj.Xfpj 0draf! / Et es tkj gdraft dg eigdraftedi tkft es rj`drhjh di afnijte` tfpj. Etpjraets tkj systja td rj`dniesj `ditrdc fih vjregy tkj hftf.Xfpj7jfhjr / Et rjgjrs td tkj kjfhjr cfljc wrettji ft tkj ljneiiein dg f vdcuaj dgafnijte` tfpj.Xfpj cf-jc / Et es tkj gerst rj`drh di afnijte` tfpj rjjc. Et `ditfeis eigdraftedi fldut tkjhftj dg rj`drhein. ifajZ iualjr dg rj`drh di tfpj jt`.Xfpj afr./ Et es f senifc rj`drhjh di afnijte` tfpj. Et es usjh td hjceaet tkj sj`tedis dghftf.Xfpj dpjrf!ein **!ja / +jgjrs td fi dpjrftein systja tkft es stdrjh di tfpj fih idteiZpcdfh ajfis td sjih f gecj grda dij `daputjr td fidtkjr tkrdunk f ijtwdro.ZR% es fi uieitjrruptjh pdwjr suppcy= usjs kjfvy huty lfttjrejs td kjcp saddtk dut etseiput pdwjr sdur`j.Ziegdra \j*dur`j Cd`f!dr (Z\C" es f jl fhhrjss tkft nevjs tkj j&f`t cd`ftedi dg fiEitjrijt rjsdur`j.Z*jr  es tkj dpjrftdr dg f `daputjr.

Page 139: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 139/155

Z*jij! #j+*nrdup* es dij dr adrj hes`ussedi nrdups di tkj eitjrijt wkjrj pjdpcjwetk seaecfr eitjrjsts `fi pdst frte`cjs fih rjpcy td ajssfnjs.Zphf!j / +jgjrs td tkj prd`jss dg `kfinein f gecj dr prdnrfa pf`ofnj ei drhjr td afojet uptdhftj. >dr tkes ijw hftf es ei`cuhjh fih dch hftf es rjpcf`jh ly afoein ij`jssfryfctjrftedis.

Zpnrfhj / <jfis fhhetedi dg ijw prdhu`ts td tkj j&estein `daputjr systja.Zpcdfh/ <jfis td sjih `daputjr eigdraftedi dr prdnrfa td f sdur`j njijrfccy fidtkjr `daputjr rj`jevein dvjr f tjcjpkdijceij.Zp !eaj / Et es tkj teaj hurein wke`k f `daputjr f `dapdijit dg f.`daputjr systja drf sdgtwfrj systja es up.Zp+frh ei`dapf!e-cj / Et eihe`ftjs tkft f `daputjr systja dr pjrepkjrfc hjve`j `fi hdjvjrytkein tkft fiy prjvedus adhjc wfs `fpflcj dg hdein fih ei fhhetedi td tkft et kfs`jrtfei fhhetedifc gjfturjs.Z*jr / +jgjrs td fiydij wkd usjs tkj `daputjr.Z*jr frjf / Et es tkj pfi dg tkj afei ajadry dg f `daputjr tkft es fvfecflcj gdr f usjrly tkj usjr;s prdnrfas.

Z*jr hjgeijh gui`!edi / +jgjrs td f gui`tedi tkft kfs ljji hjgeijh ly tkj usjr. *u`k fgui`tedi es stdrjh tkrdunk usjr hjgeijh ojy tkft es prdvehjh gdr tkj purpdsj.Z*jr hjgeijh .j / Et es dij dg tkj sjt dg ?3 dr adrj ojys prdvehjh fs f nrdup dipjrsdifc `daputjr tkft es `fpflcj dg pjrgdraein f prjhjgeijh gui`tedi tkrdunk fprdnrfa.Z*jr grejihc / Et rjgjrs td tkft `daputjr tjraeifc prdnrfa jt`. tkft `fi lj jfsecy usjhfih uihjrstddh ly f wehj vfrejty dg pjd= pEj.Z*jr nrdup / +jgjrs td f nrdup dg pjdpcj wkd rjnucfrcy ajjt dr `drrjspdih huj td tkjer eitjrjst ei f pfrte`ucfr af`keij dr suetj dr prdnrfa.Z*jr prdnrfa / 'i fppce`ftedi prdnrfa wrettji ly f pjrsdi wkd es idt f prdnrfaajr eif `daputjr systja.Z*jr pfr! / Et es f ae`rd-`daputjr;s `fsein tkft pjraets tkj usjr td `diij`t fhhetedifcjquepajit dr pjrepkjrfcs.Z!ece! / Et es tkj prdnrfa tkft kjcps tkj usjr rui jikfi`j `rjftj dr fifcysj dtkjrprdnrfas prdnrfaaein cfinufnjs dpjrftein systjas fih jquepajits.Z!ece! gui`!edi / +jgjrs td fiy gui`tedi tkftes `frrejh dut ly f utecety prdnrfa j.n.`dpyein dg hftf grda `frhs dg heso td afnijte`tfpj jt`.Z!ece! prdnrfa / ' prdnrfa tkft es hjsenijh td fssest fi dpjrftdr gdr `frryein dut sdajspj`egejh tfso j.n. cestein f gecj kjch di afnijte` tfpj dr heso jt`.85F5L5 / 0de`j 'ifcdn $f`o.8f`uua !u-j / +jgjrs td fi jcj`trdie` tkjraedie` vfcvj. Et `fi lj usjh fs fi fapcegejrdr fs f swet`k.8fcehf!edi / <jfis td `kj`o eiput fnfeist sdaj prj-hjgeijh sjt dr `retjref sd fs tdaeieaesj jrrdrs.8fcehe! `j`./ +jgjrs td f `kj`o tkft es `frrejh dut gdr vjrege`ftedi tkft et es f`tufccy fvfceh `dhj.8fc)j Fhhjh \j!fecjr* (8F\%" / +jgjrs td tkdsj wkd prdvehj `ustdajrs wetk prdhu`tswetk f scenkt j&trf treaaein di tkjdreneifc.85F5A5 / 8e*edi Fehjh Afiugf`!urein50faeccf +jgjrs td tkj hjgfuct dr futdafte`

Page 140: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 140/155

sjttein di f wdrh- prd`jssein prdnrfa j.n. sdaj fssuajh typj dg prd`jssdr td wke`ktkj prdnrfa es j&pj`tein td sjih ets eigdraftedi.8fref-cj / +jgjrs td fiytkein tkft `fi `kfinj dr vfry. Ei `fsj dg `daputjrs et rjgjrstdsdaj iuajre`fc vfcuj dr td f tj&t strein wke`k kfs ljji hjgeijh fs vfreflcj.8fref-cj ei*!ru`!edi cjin! / +jgjrs td f %"5 kfvein tkj flecety td rj`dniesj vfredus

typjs dg eistru`tedis wetk vfryein cjintks.8fref-cj cjn! `frf`!jr ji`dhein  <jfis tkj usj dg vfreflcj iualjr dg lets gdrrjprjsjitein `kfrf`tjrs ei su`k f wfy tkft tkj adst grjqujitcy usjh `kfrf`tjrs `fi ljrjprjsjitjh wetk tkj cjfst iualjr dg lets. Et kjcps ei rjhu`ein tkj faduit dg stdrfnjspf`j usjh.8fref-cj cjin! rj`drhjr* / Xkdsj rj`drhs ei f gecj wke`k afy vfry ei cjintk njijrfccylj`fusj tkj gecj `ditfeis twd dr adrj typjs dg rj`drhs jf`k dg wke`k `ditfeis heggjrjittypjs fih iualjrs dg gejchs.8fref-cj +drh cjin! `dapu!jr/ ' daputjr wkjrjei tkj iualjr dg lets `ditfeijh ei fwdrh vfrejs hjpjihein updi tkj hftf dr eistru`tedi.85H5X5 / 0esufc espcfy Xjraeifc.

85H5Z5 / 0esufc espcfy 5iet. Et es fi dutput hjve`j tkft `fi hespcfy eigdrafteditjapdrfrecy8j`!dr / ' dij-heajisedifc frrfinjajit dg iualjrs e.j. f seincj rdw dr f seincj`dcuia.8j`!dr he*pcf / +jgjrs td `ftkdhj rfy tulj tkft advjs tkj jcj`trdi ljfa rfihdacy tdtrf`j f genurj di tkj s`rjji.8j`!dr nrfpe`* / Et es tkj vj`tdr fpprdf`k td `daputjr nrfpke`s.8j`!drjh ei!jrrup! / 'i eitjrrupt systja wkjrjei fi eitjiupt `fusjs f herj`t lrfi`k tdtkj rduteij tkft kfihcjs et.8j`!dr pfer / +jgjrs td tkdsj hfa pdeits wke`k afoj up tkj dppdsetj jihs dg f vj`tdr.8j`!dr prd`j**dr   +jgjrs td f sjt dg prd`jssdrswkjrjei heggjrjit jcjajits dg f vj`tdrfrj prd`jssjh seauctfijduscy wetk jf`k prd`jssdr kfihcein f seincj jcjajit.8j`!dr prd`j**ein / Et rjgjrs td tkj prd`jssein dg f hftf ei f uiegdra afiijr. Et `fi`fpetfce!j di tkj usj dg pepjceij prd`jssein8j`!dr rjgrj* / +jgjrs td tkj jcj`trdie` ljfas tkft ncdw tkj pe&jcs j&f`tcy ei tkj sfajwfy fs tkj eafnj wkecj prdhu`ein eafnj fih pe`turjs di `daputjr s`rjji.8jihjj / +jgjrs td f `ustdajr (eihevehufc dr luseijss pfrty) wkd afojs pur`kfsj dg fkfrhwfrj dr f sdgtwfrj systja.8jii hefnrfa / *u`k f hefnrfa afojs usj dg `er`cjs fih jccepsjs gdr nrfpke`rjprjsjitftedi dg cdne` rjcftediskeps fadin sjts fih sul-sjts.8J\L/ Et es f prd`jhurj-drejitjh cfinufnj.8jrege`f!edi/ ' kj`o td geih tkft sdajtkein kfs f``urftjcy ljji typjh fih trfisaettjh.Xkj hftf es jitjrjh grda tkj ojyldfrh twe`j fs f `kj`o di ets eitjnrety.8jrege`f!edi af`eij / ' hjve`j rjsjalcein f ojy pui`k af`keij. Et es usjh gdr`kj`oein tkj f``urf`y dg f prjveduscy pui`kjh `kj`o.8jregejr / Et rjgjrs td tkj hjve`j tkft es usjh gdr hjtj`tein ojy pui`kein aestfojs lyrjojyein.8jr*edi / +jgjrs td spj`ege`ftedi fih rjvesjh rjcjfsj dg f sdgtwfrj prdhu`t dg sdajpfrte`ucfr kfrhwfrj adhjc. Et es njijrfccy iualjrjh ei fs`jihein drhjr.

Page 141: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 141/155

8jr*edi `di!rdc / <jfis `ditrdc dg tkj `rjftedi fih usfnj dg tkj vfredus vjrsedis dgfiy nevji jitety.8jr!e`fc 0draf! Zie! (U0Z" / Et es pfrt dg tkj `ditrdc jcj`trdie`s dg f preitjr. Et ndvjristkj vjrte`fc gdraft dg tkj hd`uajit td lj preitjh.8jr!e`fc *`rdccein / +jgjrs td tkj flecety dg f sdgtwfrj pf`ofnj td advj up fih hd

tkrdunk f pfnj dr adrj dg hftf hespcfyjh di f vehjd s`rjji.8jr Ken 0rj,uji` (8K0" / Xkj grjquji`y ljih ljtwjji 93- 9333 <6!.8jr Cfrnj %`fcj &i!jnrf!edi (8C%&"  6fvein cdne` nftjs fldvj 7333 di f `kep fldutkfcg f `jiteajtjr squfrj.8ehjd / +jgjrs td tkj X.0. pe`turj lfih wehtk fih grjquji`y spj`trua pdsetedi.8ehjd `digjrji`j / +jgjrs td f hes`ussedi ljtwjji twd dr adrj nrdups dg pjdpcj wkdfrj ei heggjrjit pcf`js lut `fi sjj fih kjfr jf`k dtkjr. *u`k `digjrji`js tfoj pcf`jf`rdss tkj wdrch usein sftjccetjs.8ehjd hene!eOjr / Et es fi eiput hjve`j. Et henete!js tkj senifcs rj`jevjh grda f vehjd`fajrf fih stdrjs tkj eigdraftedi ei `daputjr ajadry. Ei `daputjr ajadry tkjeigdraftedi `fi lj adhegejh dr fifcysjh ly tkj `daputjr.

8ehjd he*./ Et es f afss stdrfnj ajhef.8ehjd *enifc / Et es f senifc ei f tjcjvesedi sjt tkft prdvehjs tkj pe`turj.8ehjd!jE / +jgjrs td fiy eigdraftedi sjrve`j tkft `fi hespcfy tj&t di tkj s`rjji dg f X.0.sjt. Et es seaecfr td tjcj tj&t j&`jpt tkft usjr `fi trfisaet eigdraftedi td tkj systja. Et esfcsd rjgjrrjh td f vejw hftf.8ehe`di / Et es f tulj eisehj f X.0. fajrf. Et `divjrts tkj eafnj dg f s`jij eitd fijcj`tre` senifc.8ej+ hf!f /+jgrs td fi eigdraftedi rjtrejvfc sjrve`j ei tkj gdra dg pfnjs dr grfajswke`k tkj usjr `fi `fcc up grda f hual tjraeifc dr ojy pfh.8ernei ajheua/ 'iy aftjrefc tkft es suetflcj gdr rj`drhein dg hftf (j.n. afnijte` tfpj dr heso pfpjr tfp jt`.) lut kfs idt ljji usjh gdr tkft purpdsj.8er!ufc/ *dajtkein tkft rjpce`ftjs fidtkjr `dihetedi sd tkft td tkj usjr r tkj prdnrfatkjy frj eihesteinueskflcj.8er!ufc fhhrj** / 'i fhhrjss tkft rjgjrs td vertufc stdrfnj. $jgdrj `fccein gdr usj etskduch lj trfiscftjh eitd rjfc stdrfnj fhhrjss.8er!ufc `fcc *jr)e`j  Ei f pf`ojt swet`kein ijtwdro et rjgjrs td f tj`kiequj dg sjttein upf vertufc `diij`tedi ljtwjji tjraeifcs ljgdrj tkj trfisaessedi dg usjr hftf.8er!ufc `diij`!edi  +jgjrs td f cdne`fc `diij`tedi ljtwjji twd ijtwdro tjraeifteinpdeits tkft sjja td tkj jih jquepajit fs f pkyse`fc `diij`tedi.8er!ufc hj)e`j ei!jrcf`j / Et rjgjrs td f gui`tedifc fs fcsd f syitf`te` spj`ege`ftedi tkftstfihfrhe!js eitjrgf`js ljtwjji ,G* fih hjve`j afifnjrs dg hrevjrs.8er!ufc ajadr / Et es f gf`ecety fvfecflcj ei cfrnj adhja `daputjr wetk tkj kjcp dg tkesgf`ecety tkj prdnrfaajr es idt rjstre`tjh ly tkj se!j dg tkj af`keij;s ajadry.8er!ufc ajadr *!drfnj  Et es f herj`t f``jss stdrfnj hjve`j tkft es usjh td stdrjprdnrfas wke`k ijjh adrj spf`j tkfi es fvfecflcj ei afei ajadry wkecj tkjy frjljein j&j`utjh. ij dg tkj ajtkdhs usjh gdr vertufc stdrfnj ei "',e#,=.8er!ufc %!drfnj (8%" / Et es f tj`kiequj gdr afifnein j&j`utedi dg prdnrfa ly utece!einceaetjh qufitety dg eitjrifc stdrfnj fih f au`k cfrnjr qufitety dg cdwjr-spjjh j&tjrifcstdrfnj ei su`k f wfy tkj hestei`tedi es quetj trfispfrjit td f `daputjr usjr.

Page 142: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 142/155

8er!ufc %!drfnj F``j** Aj!dh (8%FA" / Et es fi f``jss ajtkdh tkft es suetflcj gdrgecjs wetk sjqujitefc dr rjcftevj drnfiestftedi di herj`t f``jss stdrfnj hjve`j.8eru* / +jgjrs td f rduteij eitrdhu`jh eitd f prdnrfa wkji f`tevftjh prdhu`jsuiwfitjh rjsuct tkft `fi rfinj grda hespcfyein ajssfnjs di tkj s`rjji td tkj pfrtefcdrtkj ljneiiein dg f afnijte` tfpj td ehjitegy tkj ifaj dr iualjr fssenijh td tkj tfpj

rjjc.85\5@5 / 0jrte`fc +jhuihfi`y `kj`o85%5 / 0ertufc *tdrfnj85X5D5@5 / 0dcuaj Xflcj g %ditjits.8de`j Afec es f `daputjresjh tjcjpkdij ajssfnj rj`drhein systja= fi j-afec systjatkft suppdrts fuhed.65' /Et es f cfrnj ae`rd-`daputjr systja tkft kfs ljji afiugf`turjh ly enetfcJquepajit %drpdrftedi56j- pfnj* frj rjcftjh gecjs `ditfeiein aucteajhef hftf tkft frj afhj fvfecflcj di fwjl setj.6dra* frj gdra dg `daputjr sfldtfnj sjit ly j-afec tkft rjprdhu`j tfoein up ijtwdro

spf`j fih sifrcein `diij`tedis.+++ (6drch76ehj76j-" rjgjrs adrj dr cjss td fcc tkj pulce`fccy f``jsselcj hd`uajitsdi tkj Eitjrijt. Et es usjh quetj cddsjcy fih sdajteajs eihe`ftjs dicy 6X<8 gecjs fihsdajteajs "" " fih ,dpkjr gecjs tdd. Et es fcsd sdajteajs ust rjgjrrjh td fs Ftkjjl;.6j-*e!j es f rjcftjh td `dccj`tedi dg gecjs di tkj drch ehj jl fih f``jssein Eitjrijtrjsdur`js su`k fs tj&t nrfpke`s sduih fih dtkjr aucteajhef rjsdur`js.6drh prd`j**dr  es f prdnrfa hjsenijh td kjcp wetk tkj prdhu`tedi dg tj&tufchd`uajits ceoj cjttjrs fih ajads. 6jfvy huty wdro `fi lj hdij wetk f hjsotdppulceskjr. *daj `daadi wdrh prd`jssdrs ei`cuhj <*-drh drh"jrgj`t 'le drh6fgjr / \jgjr* !d f !ei *ce`j `u! grda f cfrnj `r*!fc dg f *jae`dihu`!dr af!jrefc(njrafieua dr *ece`di `r*!fc"> Kuihrjh* dg &@ he`j af -j prd`j**jh ei f *eincj+fgjr56fgjr prd`j**ein /Et rjgjrs td tkj prd`jssein dg tkei sce`js dg f sjae-`dihu`tdr (wfgjr)td afoj `er`uets. 'gtjr ljein prd`jssjh tkj wfgjr es sjpfrftjh eitd he`j dr `keps.6fgjr *dr! /+jgjrs td tkj prd`jss dg tjstein fih ehjitegyein wke`k he`j di f wfgjr frjf``jptflcj6fe! ce*!/ Et es f cest dg tkj prd`jssjs tkft frj stecc wfetein tkj `dapcjtedi dg `jrtfeif`tevety ljgdrj tkjy `fi fnfei rui di f prd`jssdr.6fe! !eaj /Xkj teaj hurein wke`k f prdnrfa dr `daputjr wfets gdr `dapcjtedi dg dtkjrf`tevetejs.6fc. !rdun +jgjrs td f prdhu`t rjvejw tkft es pjrgdrajh ly f gdrafc trfa.6FA& /drch 'ssd`eftedi dr <jhe`fc Eigdrafte`s.6F#/ ehj 'rjf #jtwdro.6fih /Et rjgjrs td f kfih kjch hjve`j tkft es usjh gdr rjfhein afnijte` `kfrf`tjrs lfr`dhjs jt`. Et rjsjalcjs tkj pji`ec.6fra -dd!/ Et es tkj prd`jss dg gddcein tkj `daputjr tkrdunk prdnrfa td rjfcesj tkft etspdwjr kfs ljji turijh dgg tkdunk tkjpdwjr es stecc di.6fra up !eaj Et es tkj teaj ljtwjji tkj jijrne!ein f hjve`j fih tkj ljneiiein dg tkjfppce`ftedi dg ets dutput `kfrf`tjreste`s.

Page 143: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 143/155

65F5X5% /ehj 'rjf Xjcjpkdij *jrve`j.6f)j /+jgjrs td f kenk-cjvjc eitjrf`tevj cfinufnj tkft wfs hjvjcdpjh ei ?CH?.65@5@5J drch %digjrji`j di %daputjrs ei Jhu`ftedi.6jjh /Et es tkj prd`jss dg hjstru`tedi dgprjsjitcy uihjserflcj etjas grda f gecj.6jen!jh / +jgjrs td f leifry `dhj wkjrjei f vfcuj kfs ljji fssenijh td jf`k let

pdsetedi.6jen!jh `j`. hene! /Et es f ajtkdh dg vfcehftein hftf jitry wkjrj tkes henet es put fttkj jih dg f iualjr dg strein dg `kfrf`tjrs td `digera tkft tkjrj kfs idt ljji f `kfinjhurein ets trfisgjr tkft afy lj ly kfih dr lywerj.6jen!jh `dhj / ' `dhj wkjrjei jf`k let-pdsetedi kfs f wjenktjh vfcuj.6jjc prei!jr 'iy preitjr kfvein f preitein aj`kfiesa `ditfeiein tkj preitein`kfrf`tjrs di ajtfc wkjjc.6erc +eih /+jgjrs td tkj gerst rjfcteaj `daputjr. Et `fi `fc`ucftj ft kenk spjjh.6e!j ide*j +jgjrs td tkj jcj`tre`fc eitjrgjrji`j tkft prdhu`js f lu!! dr kua. Et tfojspcf`j wkji tkj jcj`tre`fc `dapdijits kfvj ljji di gdr sdajteaj fih kfvj wfrajh up.6ehj fih /Ei hftf `daauie`ftedi et rjgjrs td f `kfiijc tkft `fi tfoj up

`daauie`ftedi ft wehjr grjquji`y rfinj dr lfih wehtk adrj tkfk f vde`j nrfhj`kfiijc.6eihd+ /Et es f prdnrfaaein tj`kiequj. Ei tkes tj`kiequj f sj`tedi dg tkj s`rjji eshjseniftjh td f`t fs f vejwein frjf gdr fidtkjr ldhy dg tj&t dr eigdraftedi. eggjrjitweihdws afy skdw heggjrjit fppce`ftedis.6eihd+ein /Et rjgjrs td f`t dg hespcfyein twd dr adrj gecjs di tkj s`rjji seauctfijduscy.$y tkes ajfis f vfrejty dg eigdraftedi `fi lj hespcfyjh seauctfijduscy.6erj -ru* !pj *`fiijr /Et es f typj dg `frh rjfhein s`fiijr ei. wke`k werj-lrusksjisdr ndjs dvjr f kdcj fih afojs `ditf`t wetk f ajtfc pcftj ljcdw tkji pfssjs fsenifc dg leifry.6erjh prdnrfa `dapu!jr /Et es f hjve`j tkft wfs usjh wetk aeie fih upwfrh`daputjrs ljgdrj tkj eivjitedi dg dpjrftein systjas su`k fs *. Et kjcpjh eiprdnrfaaein f `daputjr.6erj grfaj /Et es f seapcj ajtkdh td rjprjsjit f adhjc ei `daputjr nrfpke`s. Et feas tdhrfw tkj ceijs td rjprjsjit tkj lduihfrejs dg tkj dlj`ts ei tkj s`jij. Ei `fsj tkj s`jijes afhj up dg pdcyndis tkji tkj jhnjs dg et frj hrfwi.6erj +rfp Et es f typj dg `er`uet ldfrh `distru`tedi.6e*eni Et es fi dpte`fc s`fiiein systja tkft rjfhs spj`eaji senifturjs dg tkj f``duitkdchjrs ei geifi`efc lfios herj`tcy grda tkj hd`uajits fih `dapfrjs tkja.65&5%5% /drostftedi Eihjpjihjit *jnajit *tdrfnj56eOfrh /+jgjrs td fi j&pjreji`jh kf`ojr.6drh /Et es f cdne`fc uiet dg eigdraftedi. Et es f sjt dg leifry henets tkft gecc dij cd`ftedi ei`daputjrs ajadry. Xkj cdinjr tkj wdrh tkj adrj que`ocy tkj %"5 `fi wdro.6drh fhhrj**f-cj /+jgjrs td f `daputjr wkjrjei jf`k wdrh kfs sdaj uiequjfhhrjss tkft `fi lj usjh ei f prdnrfa td f``jss hftf.6drh cjin! /+jgjrs td tkj iualjr dg lets ei f wdrh.6drh cdrh /Et es f wdrh prd`jssein sdgtwfrj. drh prd`jssein Xd usj f tjraeifc dr`daputjr td dapdsj stdrj afiepucftj fih preit dut hd`uajits fih tj&t.

Page 144: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 144/155

6drh prd`j**ein prdnrfaaj (6RR" /+jgjrs td fi drnfiesftedi tkft ji`durfnjs wdrhprd`jssein jhu`ftedifc prdnrfaajs ei s`kddcs td prdadtj wdrh prd`jssein fs fprdgjssedi.6drh prd`j**ein *upjr)e*dr /+jgjrs td tkj pjrsdi wkd dvjrsjjs tkj wdro `rrejh dutei f wdrh prd`jssein `jitrj5

6drh prd`j**dr /+jgjrs td f `daputjr tkft es spj`ege`fccy usjh gdr tkj typein fihprdhu`tedi dg cjttjrs rjpdrts fih hd`uajits.6drh *!fr /Et es f sdpkeste`ftjh wdrh prd`jssein prdnrfa. Et es dij dg tkj adst pdpucfrfppce`ftedi prdnrfa gdr ae`rd`daputjrs wetk %"5 dpjrftein systja.6drh +rfp Et rjgjrs td tkj gf`ecety tkft futdafte`fccy advjs f wdrh td tkj ij&t ceij eg etwecc idt get ft tkj jih dg tkj dreneifc ceij.6dr. frjf Et es tkj wdro spf`j di s`rjji rjsjrvjh gdr sdaj spj`ege` purpdsj.6dr. -ji` ' prdnrfaaein jiverdiajit wkjrjei kfrhwfrj fih sdgtwfrj etjas frjskfrjh ly sjvjrfc usjrs.6dr. -rjf. hd+i *!ru`!urj / ' `dapcjtj cest dg tkj wdro jcjajits fih hjpjihji`ejsijjhjh gdr `dapcjtein tkj nevji prdj`t

6dr. gecj /+jgjrs td tkj gecj tkft es usjh gdr prdvehein tjapdrfry stdrfnj spf`j gdr hftftkft es ijjhjh dicy tkj cegj teaj dg dij dl.6dr.ein *j!/ Et es tkj sjt dg pfnjs wke`k frj `urrjitcy ei usj ly f prd`jss.6dr. *!f!edi /+jgjrs td tkj pkyse`fc jiverdiajit usjh ly f pjrsdi dpjrftein f`daputjr. Et ei`cuhjs ojyldfrh vehjd s`rjji ae`r3-`daputjr jt`.6dr.7*pf`j /+jgjrs td tkj faduit dg eitjrifcajadry fvfecflcj gdr prdnrfas fih hftffccd`ftjh gdr wdroein stdrfnj.65D5\5A5 /retj i`j +jfh <fiy6R /drh "rd`jssein.6RA /drh "jr <eiutj.65R5%5 drh "rd`jssein *d`ejty.6rfp /Xd lrjfo f ceij dg tj&t wke`k es tdd cdin gdr tkj s`rjji dr tkj preitjr.rfpfrduih Et rjgjrs td tkj futdafte` j&tjisedi dg f ceij dg tj&t di td twd dr adrj ceijslj`fusj dg tkj ceaetftedis dg tkj hespcfy frjf.6re!j /Xkj gui`tedi dg ji`dhein f afnijte` ajheua wetk leifry eigdraftedi tkft `fi ljstdrjh fih rjfh lf`o.6re!j jif-cj rein +jgjrs td tkj pcfste` rein tkft aust lj pcf`jh di f tfpj rjjc ljgdrjpjraettein fiy eigdraftedi td lj rj`drhjh di tkj tfpj.6re!j jfh +jgjrs td tkj afnijte` kjfh j&`cusevjcy hjsenijh gdr wretein hftf di tkjajhef.6re!j &ie-e! rein /+jgjrs td tkj pcfste` rein tkft kfs td lj pcf`jh di afnijte` tfpj tdprjvjit et grda rj`drhein fiy hftf.6re!j ei*!ru`!edi /+jgjrs td tkj prdnrfa eistru`tedi wke`k `fusjs fi etja dg hftf td ljrj`drhjh ei sdaj gdra dg stdrfnj.6re!j prd!j`! /+jgjrs td tkj prd`jhurj usjh gdr prjvjitein f heso dr tfpj grda ljeinwrettji td.6re!j prd!j`! id!` /+jgjrs td tkj idt`k tkft es prdvehjh di gcdppy hesos tkft `ujs tkjheso hrevj wkjtkjr dr idt td stdrj f gecj di tkj hesojttj.6re!j rein / ' rein tkft es fttf`kjh td tkj kul dg f rjjc dg afnijte` tfpj td fccdw ets`ditjits td lj dvjr wrettji dr jrfsjh.

Page 145: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 145/155

6U%&6UN/ 6f! Udu %jj &* 6f! Udu Nj!5'jrjnrfpe`prei!jr / ' kenk spjjh preitjr tkft usjs &jrdnrfpke` tj`kiequjs td prdhu`jpreitjh dut puts.'D\ Nf!j /+jgjrs td f nftj tkft prdhu`js f senifc dg leifty 3 eg ldtk eiput senifcs frj ?dr ldtk eiput senifcs frj 3. Ei fiy dtkjr`fsj tkj dut put senifc es ?.

'7 pui` /Ei `fsj dg fi A3 `dcuai 6dccjreitk pui`kjh `frh fiy kdcj ei tkj sj`dih rdwgrda tkj tdp (??tk rdw). Et es fcsd rjgjrrjh td fs tkj jcjvjitk pui`k.'7rf ce!dnrfp /+jgjrs td tkj prd`jss dg usein ]-rfys gdr jt`kein `er`uet ceijs dgfldut f tjitk dg f ae`rdi di td tkei geca ajadrejs.'7+eihd+ /Et es fi fppce`ftedi prdnrfaaein cfinufnj.'7U /Xkj twd herj`tedi dg tkj `daputjr s`rjji dr preitjr dut-put. ]-rjprjsjits tkjkdre!ditfc herj`tedi fih - tkj vjrte`fc.'7U `fr! />dra dg hftf frrfinjajit tkft pjraets pcdttein dg dij hftf sjrejs fnfeistfidtkjr wetkdut f teaj f&es.'7U pcd!!jr /Et es f pcdttjr tkft hrfws ceijs dvjr f gcft surgf`j wetk rjgjrji`j td f sjt dg] `ddrheiftjs

 U5F5@5@ jt 'idtkjr %dapecjr-%dapecjr.87fEe* Ei `ddrheiftj systja et es tkj vjrte`fc f&es.87jhnj cjfhein /Et es f ajtkdh ly wke`k pui`k `frhs frj gjh wetk ets cdin jhnj gerst(pfrfccjc gjjh) fih tdp rdw ijfrjst td tkj rjfh aj`kfiesa. Xkj tdp rdw dg f pui`kjh`frhes `fccjh rdw.

 Ud.j /+jgjrs td rjfhcwretj kjfhs wke`k frj gfstjijh tdnjtkjr fih wke`k advj fs dijuiet dvjr twd dr adrj fhf`jit trf`os di afnijte` tfpj dr heso.

 U7 pfrfaj!jr />dr f gejch jggj`t trfisestdr et rjgjrs td dij sjt dg gdur jquevfcjit `er`uetpfrfajtjrs tkft spj`egejs tkj pjrgdrafi`j dg tkj trfisestdr `er`uet.

 U7pd*e!edi/ Et rjgjrs td tkj pui`kein pdsetedi ei tdp rdw dg tkj pui`k `frh. Et es fcsdrjgjrrjh td fs ?3tk pdsetedi.

 U7pui` /<jfis pui`k ei tkj tdpadst dr twjetk pdsetedi (rdw ?1) dg fi A3 `dcuai6dccjretk `frh. Et es fcsd rjgjrrjh td fs kenk pui`k fs fcsd twjcvj-pui`k 59 Et rjprjsjits tkj !jrd-let.9ferf /Et es f tkeioein af`keij. Et wfs `distru`tjh ly 'rfl fstrdcdnjrs.9fp <jfis td luri dut dr td hjstrdy jcj`tre`fccy.9fpp /Et wfs f ae`rd-`daputjr grda gerst `daputjr `dapfiy ei Eihef td eitrdhu`j f ?3<E:I p` fih ]X.97 -uggjr rjihjrein / Et es f ajtkdh dg adhjc rjihjrein. Et wdros ly jceaeiftedi dgkehhji ceijs.9jf.jr ae`rd !ur!cj / 'i feh di spj`trua.9jijr /+jgjrs td rjvjrsj `urrjit lrjfohdwi tkft tfojs pcf`j wkji f vjry kenk rjvjrsjvdctfnj es fppcejh td f sjae-`dihu`tdr su`k fs f hedhj.9jrd /Et es f spj`efc syaldc kfvein id eitreise` iuajre`fc vfcuj.9jrd f``j** ei*!ru`!edi / 'i eistru`tedi afhj up dg fi dpjrftedi wetkdut fhhrjssjs dgdpjrfihs.9jrdgecc /Xkj rjpcf`jajit dg f sjt dg `kfrf`tjrsly !jrds.9jrd cj)jc fhhrj** /+jgjrs td tkj dpjrfih `ditfeijh ei fi eistru`tedi stru`turjh eisu`k f wfy tkft et afojs eaajheftj usj dg tkj dpjrfih.

Page 146: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 146/155

9jrd adhj /Et rjgjrs td tkj adhj dg dpjrftedi dg f henetfc pcdttjr wkjrjei jf`k eiput`daafih rjprjsjits f vjcd`ety ei`rjajit fih prdhu`js f `kfinj ei spjjh rjcftevj tddij dr ldtk f&js.9jrde*j /<jfis td sjt stdrfnj cd`ftedi td !jrd. Et es hdij td jisurj tkft tkj hftf hdjsidt lj`daj `drruptjh ly tkj rjtjitedi dg prjvedus hftf wke`k es id cdinjr rjcjvfit.

9jrd pui` /Et rjgjrs td f pui`k ei tkj tkerh rdw (fcsd oidwi fs !jrd rdw) dg fi A3`dcuai `frh.9jrd +drh /+jgjrs ei `dhein tkjdry td f wdrh afhj up jiterjcy dg !jrd henets.9ecdn / '.5.*. lfsjh sjae-`dihu`tdr afiugf`turjr gera.9ep adhj /Et rjgjrs td f pcdttjs adhj dg dpjrftedi. wkjrjei jf`k eiput `daafihrjprjsjits fi ei`rjajitfc hjveftedi.97ij! /+jgjrs td f cd`fc frjf ijtwdro.9dij /Et es tkft sj`tedi dg afei ajadry wke`k es rjsjrvjh gdr sdaj spj`egejh gui`tedi dr usj.9dij -e!* /+jgjrs td tkdsj leifry lets wetkei f henetfc `daputjr wke`k frj usjh ei`diui`tedi wetk tkj iuajre`fc lets gdr rjprjsjitein fcpkfljte` `kfrf`tjrs fih spj`efc

syaldcs59dij pui` /+jgjrs td f pui`kjh kdcj ei fiy dij dg tkj gerst tkrjj rdws.9diein/ Et es f prd`jss dg ajtfc purege`ftedi. Et es usjh ei purege`ftedi dg sjae-`dihu`tdr`rystfcs.9ddcf /Et es fi fttrelutj dg nrfpke`s. Et pjraets tkj se!j dg fiy eafnj td lj fctjrjh wetkduttkj ijjh dg rjhjgeiein tkj pfrfajtjrs.9dda LdE es f safcc squfrj ei tkj uppjr renkt `drijr dg f weihdw wke`k wkji `ce`ojhwecc j&pfih tkj weihdw td gecc tkj wkdcj s`rjji.

@DARZXJ\ FLL\J8&FX&D#%/ '- '`tevj] ftf lj`ts

/ '*8-'syaajtre` enetfc *uls`reljr 8eij/ '8,8- 'cndretkae` 8finufnj/ '85- 'retkajte fih 8dne`fc 5iet/ '#*E- 'ajre`fi #ftedifc *tfihfrh Eistetutj/ '+"'#JX-'hvfi`jh +jsjfr`k "rdj`ts 'nji`y #jtwdro/ '*%EE- 'ajre`fi *tfihfrh %dhj gdr Eigdraftedi Eitjr`kfinj/ '*"- '`tevj *jrvjr "fnjs/ $'*E%- $jneiijrs 'cc "urpdsj *yaldce` Eistru`tedi %dhj/ $E*- $fse` Eiput utput *ystja/ $"*- $ets pjr *j`dih/ %'- %daputjr 'ehjh jseni

/ %<'- %dhj evesedi <uctepcj '``jss/ %-+<- % +jfh icy <jadry%<* - %dapcjajitfry <jtfc-&ehj *jae`dihu`tdr / %$8- %daadi $useijss rejitjh 8finufnj/ %"*- %kfrf`tjrs pjr *j`dih/ %"5- %jitrfc "rd`jssein 5iet <dhjc/ 6X<8- yifae` 6ypjr Xj&t <froup 8finufnj/ <'- erj`t <jadry '``jss

Page 147: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 147/155

/ <8- ftf <fiepucftedi 8finufnj/ #*- dafei #faj *ystja/ +'<- yifae` +fihda '``jss <jadry/ 0- enetfc 0ehjd es`/ 0-+<-0 +jfh icy <jadry

/ JJ"+<- Jcj`trdie`fccy Jrfsflcj "rdnrfaaflcj +jfhicy <jadry -/ J]X- J&tjihjh >ecj *ystja/ >'X- >ecj 'ccd`ftedi Xflcj/ >- >cdppy eso revj/ >E>- >erst ei >erst dut/ >+X+'#- >draucf Xrfiscftedi/ >X"- >ecj Xrfisgjr "rdtd`dc/ ,$- ,enf $ytj/ ,E>- ,rfpke` Eitjr`kfinj >draft/ ,E,- ,frlfnj ei ,frlfnj ut

/ ,E<"- ,#5 Eafnj <fiepucftedi "rdnrfa/ ,<8- ,jdnrfpky <froup 8finufnj/ ,5E- ,rfpke`fc 5sjr Eitjrgf`j/ 6- 6frh eso revj/ 6X<8- 6ypjr Xj&t <froup cfinufnj/ 6XX"- 6ypjr Xj&t Xrfisgjr "rdtd`dc/ E%- Eitjnrftjh %er`uet/ EJ- Eitjnrftjh jvjcdpajit Jiverdiajit/ EJJJ- Eistetutj dg Jcj`tre`fc fih Jcj`trdie`s Jineijjrein/ E<- Eistfit <jssjinjr / E<'"- Eitjrijt <jssfnj '``jss "rdtd`dc/ E"- Eitjrijt "rdtd`dc/ E*#- Eitjnrftjh *jrve`js enetfc #jtwdro/ E*- Eitjriftedifc rnfie!ftedi gdr *tfihfrhe!ftedi/ E*"- Eitjrijt *jrve`j "rdvehjr / M1JJ- Mfvf 1 Jitjrpresj Jhetedi/ M1*J- Mfvf 1 *tfihfrh Jhetedi/ MG- Mfvf jvjcdpajit Get/ M"J,- Mdeit "kdtdnrfpke` J&pjrts ,rdup/ G6!- Gecd 6jrt!/ G$"*- Gecd $ytjs "jr *j`dih/ 8%- 8equeh %rystfc espcfy/ 8J- 8enkt Jaettein edhj/ 8E>- 8fst ei >erst ut/ <'#- <jtrdpdcetfi 'rjf #jtwdro/ <E%+- <fnijte` Eio %kfrf`tjr +j`dnietedi/ <E<- <uctepcj Eiput <uctepcj utput/ <E"*- <eccedi Eistru`tedis "jr *j`dih/ <*>JX- <jtfc-&ehj *jae-`dihu`tdr >ejch Jggj`t Xrfisestdr / <"J,- <dtedi "e`turjs J&pjrt ,rdup

Page 148: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 148/155

Page 149: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 149/155

?L. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein es f stfihfrh `dhj usjh td j&`kfinj eigdraftedi fadin hftfprd`jssein fih `daauie`ftedi systja. 'is. '*%EE?H. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein ljst j&pcfeis +'<

 'is. e. Et es fi f`rdiya gdr +fihda '``jss <jadry. Ee. Et es ajadry luect gdr sece`di`keps tkft es usjh td stdrj prdnrfas fih hftf tjapdrfrecy wkecj tkjy frj ljein

prd`jssjh.?A. %divjrsedi dg `daputjr njijrftjh rjsucts ei td kuafi f``jptflcj gdra es f gui`tedidg.. 'is. utput eitjrgf`j?C. Xkj `dapdijits dg f `daputjr systja wetk tkj `er`uetry td `ditrdc eitjrprjtftedi fihj&j`utedi dg eistru`tedis es oidwi fs . 'is. %"513. Xkj `daputjr fs f af`keij fih fcc dtkjr jquepajit fssd`eftjh wetk et frj tjrajhfs.. 'is. 6frhwfrj1?. Xkj vfst ijtwdro dg `daputjrs tkft `diij`ts aeccedis dg pjdpcj fcc dvjr tkj wdrch es`fccjh 'is. Eitjrijt11.Xkj prdpjrty tkft wkji `cfssjs frj frrfinjh ei f kejrfr`ky jf`k `cfss fssuajs tkjfttrelutjs fih ajtkdhs dg ets fi`jstdrs es. 'is. Eikjretfi`j.

19. eihdws stdrj fcc systja sjtteins ei tkes gecj.. 'is. E#.E#E 1:.Xkj sdgtwfrj `dapdijit dg fi j&pjrt systja tkft hrfws `di`cusedis es. 'is. Eigjrji`j Jineij17. Xkj fttrelutjs fih ajtkdhs gdr jf`k dlj`ts frj stdrjh ei

 'is. 'i dlj`t rjpdsetdry1L. 'i J-+ hefnrfa es f nrfpke` ajtkdh prjsjitein.

 'is. Jitety `cfssjs fih ets rjcftediskeps1H. . Es fi eivfceh typj dg hftflfsj ojy. 'is. *tru`turjh preafry ojy.1A. ' prd`jssdr tkft `dccj`ts tkj trfisaessedi grda sjvjrfc `daauie`ftedis ajhef fihtkja dvjr f seincj ceij tkft dpjrftjs ft kenkjr `fpf`ety es fccjh 'is <uctepcj&jr 1C. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein gf`tdr afojs E#* pdpucfr(f) 5sjr grejihcy ,5E gjfturj (l) jsotdp (`) <ucte tfsoein (h) Eij&pjisevj (j) #dij dgtkjsj 'is (f) 5sjr grejihcy ,5E gjfturj93. $fihwehtk rjgjrs tdb 'is. Xkj f``duit dg eigdraftedi `daauie`ftedis ajheua`fi trfisgjr nevji faduit dg teaj.9?. .es f preafry ojy dg dij gecj tkft fppjfrs ei fidtkjr gecj. 'is. >drjeni ojy91. Xkj tj`kiequj tkft j&tjihs stdrfnj `fpf`ety dg afei ajadry ljydih tkj f`tufc se!jafei ajadry es `fccjh.

 'is. 0ertufc stdrfnj99.%ustdajrs gf`ecetejs oidwcjhnj wdrojrs luseijss eigdraftedi `daauie ftedieigrf-stru`turj fih `daputjr jquepajits frj fcc `disehjrftedis ei f nddh --- pcfi.

 'is. +eso afifnjajit9:. kft es J-$fioein

 'is. J-$fioein eapcejs prdvesedis dg $fioein prdhu`ts fih sjrve`js tkrdunk jcj`trdie`hjcevjry `kfiijcs ceoj 'X< pkdij Eitjrijt <dlecj pkdijs jt`.97. *<X" >X" 2 *#* frj fppce`ftedis dg tkj ..cfyjr. 'is. "kyse`fc stru`turj.9L. Ei f hftf lfsj eigdraftedi skduch lj drnfie!jh fih f``jssjh f``drhein td wke`k dg tkj gdccdwein 'is. 8dne`fc pdsetedi.9H. Xrfgge` ei f 0"# es idt .. 'is. 8dne`fccy sjpfrftjh grda dtkjr trfgge`9A. ke`k ji`dhein typj fcwfys kfs f idi !jrd fvjrfnj fapcetuhj 'is. $epdcfr.

Page 150: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 150/155

9C. Xkes es fi eitjrijt gdrua td hes`uss wehj rfinj dg tdpe`s ceoj `urrjit ijws frte`cjsfih `urrjit fggfers jt`. 'is. #jws nrdup:3. kft es fi 'ifcdn %daputjr

 'is. ' idi-henetfc systja tkft afiepucftjs ceijfr dr `diteiufccy kfinein hftf.:?. 'cc tkj hjcjtjh etjas frj stdrjh ei tkes uitec et es pjrafijitcy hjcjtjh. Xkes pcf`j es.

 'is. 0ertufc kfrh hrevj:1. $y `ce`oein di tkes e`di dij `fi f``jss tkj ijtwdrojh rjsdur`js. Xkes e`di es 'is. %diij`t td Eitjrijt:9. ' pe`turj afp dr nrfpke` dr eafnj tkft `fi lj usjh ei f hd`uajit es oidwi fs

 'is. lj`t::. ' aucte purpdsj weihdw wke`k dpjis ijfrcy gdr jvjrytkein es ..

 'is. $rdwsjr weihdw:7. ' idrafc `dapecjr tfoj sdur`j `dhj fs eiput fih prdhu`j tkes fs dutput

 'is. <f`keij %dhj:L. kft es ajfit ly '8 'is. (f) 'ajre`f i-8eij usjh td lj tkj cfrnjst $uccjtei $dfrh systja ei tkj wdrch. (l)

etk tkj fhvjit dg '8.v9.3 '8 kfs lj`daj tkj cfrnjst E#XJ+#JX prdvehjr ei tkjdrch (`) '8 es fcsd tkj cfrnjst prdvehjr dg $cfio esojttjs ei tkj drch (h) '8 esfvfecflcj dicy ei cfrnj ajtrd frjfs (j) 'cc tkjsj:H. kft es tkj gucc gdra dg $'*E%

 'is. $jneiijr;s 'cc-purpdsj *yaldce` Eistru`tedi %dhj:A. Es <ucteprdnrfaaein fih aucte tfsoein es syidiyadus 'is. #jvjr :C.ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein `dapdijits dg tkj `daputjr systja wetk tkj `er`uetry td`ditrdc eitjrprjtftedi fih j&j`utedi dg eistru`tedis 'is. %"573. ' daputjr s`eji`j lrfi`k tkft es jvdcvjh ei usein `daputjrs td sdcvj tkft fppjfrtd rjquerj kuafi eafneiftedi dr eitjccenji`j es `fccjh fs..

 'is. 'rtege`efc Eitjccenji`j ('E)7?. ' tj`kiequj ei wke`k f iualjr dg seaecfr etjas dr trfisf`tedis td lj prd`jssjh frjnrdupjh fih prd`jssjh ei f hjseniftjh sjquji`js hurein f af`keij rui

 'is. $ft`k prd`jssein71. 'hf es f .

 'is. ' kenk cjvjc prdnrfaaein cfinufnj hjvjcdpjh ly tkj jpfrtajit dg jgjisj5*' ei ajadry dg 'hf 8dvjcf`j wkd wdrojh wetk %kfrcjs $fllfnj ei tkj hjvjcdpajitdg tkj gerst `daputjr.79. <e`rdprd`jssdrs `fi lj usjh td afoj

 'is. %daputjr enetfc systjas fih `fc`ucftdrs.7:. Xkj gerst jcj`trdie` `daputjr ei tkj wdrch wfs 'is. J#E'%77. Xkj stdrfnj sul systja ei f ae`rd `daputjr `disests afeicy dg .drajhef wetkvfryein `fpf`etejs

 'is. <fnijte` dr dpte`fc7L. ' daputjr wetk %"5 spjjh es frduih ?33 aeccedi eistru`tedi pjr sj`dih fih wetktkj wdrh cjintk dg L: lets es oidwi fs..

 'is. *upjr %daputjr7H. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein es tkj `drrj`t drhjr dg tkj gdur afdr gui`tedis dg f `daputjr

 'is. Eiput "rd`jss utput *tdrfnj

Page 151: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 151/155

7A.ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein kfs ljji `rjftjh ly rjsjfr`k gf`ecety dg enetfc Jcj`trdie`%drpdrftedi dg 5*' 'is. fkdd 'ctf vestf 2 jl %rfwcjr 7C. ke`k eiput hjve`j `fiidt lj usjh td wdro ei <* gge`j 'is. <dusjL3. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein es f stfihfrh <* gge`j jhetedi 'is. "rdgjssedifcL?. kft es tkj ifaj dg tkj cest tkft stdrjs tkj 5+8;s dg wjl pfnjs fih ceios tkft vesetjh

ei tkj rj`jit pfst 'is. "fnj cestL1. Jcj`trdie` >uih Xrfisgjr es tkj j&`kfinj dg adijy  'is. >rda dij f``duit td tkj dtkjr L9. Xkj j&tjisedi dg hftflfsj gecj es nevji ly 'is. .graL:. Xkj sjrvjr di tkj eitjrijt es fcsd oidwi fs.. 'is. +jpjftjr L7. Ei <e`rdsdgt drh preit cfydut `daafih es hespcfyjh ei wke`k fadin tkj gdccdweinajius 'is. >ecjLL.%urrjit *EE<s kfvj jetkjr .dr.`diij`tdrs (peis) 'is. 93 dr H1LH.Xkj stdrfnj sulsystja ei f ae`rd `daputjr `disests afeicy dg --- dr ----ajhef wetkvfryein `fpf`etejs. 'is. <fnijte` dr pte`fcLA. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein es idt fi eiput hjve`j

 'is. %daputjr utput td <e`rdgeca (%<)LC. Xkj %"5 (%jitrfc "rd`jssein 5iet) `disests dg 'is. %ditrdc 5iet '85 fih "reafry *tdrfnjH3. J$%E% `fi `dhj up td kdw afiy heggjrjit `kfrf`tjrs 'is. 17LH?. kft es ajfit ly $'5 'is. Xkes es f ajfsurjajit dg tkj faduit dg ftf tkft`fi lj trfisgjrrjh ei dij sj`dih.H1. kft es ajfit ly $'#EX6

 'is. Xkj `frryein `fpf`ety dg f werj fttf`kjh grda dij `daputjr td fidtkjr.H9. ke`k es `disehjrjh f herj`t jitry eiput

 'is. pte`fc s`fiijr <dusj fih henete!jr 8enkt pji.H:. ke`k es usjh gdr afiugf`turein `keps 'is. *jae `dihu`tdrs.H7.Xkj %daputjr `dhj gdr tkj eitjr`kfinj dg eigdraftedi ljtwjji tjraeifcs es

 'is. '*%EE ('ajre`fi *tfihfrh %dhj gdr Eigdraftedi Eitjr`kfinj).HL. ' letj `disests dg . 'is. A lets HH. ' kylreh `daputjr rjsjalcjs 'is. $dtk f henetfc fih fifcdn daputjr.HA.kjrjfs f `daputjr adusj advjs dvjr tkj tflcj surgf`j tkj trf`olfcc es

 'is. *tftedifry .HC. ke`k dij dg tkj gdccdwein eiput hjve`j es usjr prdnrfaaflcj

 'is. Eitjccenjit XjraeifcA3. ke`k `daputjr ajadry es usjh gdr stdrein prdnrfas fih hftf `urrjitcy ljeinprd`jssjh ly %"5 'is. "+<A?. %daputjr eistru`tedis wrettji wetk tkj usj dg Jincesk wdrhs eistjfh dg leifryaf`keij `dhj es `fccjh 'is. *yaldce` %dhjA1. .. pjrftjs tkj hjve`j wetk eiput fih dutput hftf grda tkj `daputjr 

 'is. %daputjr pjrftdrsA9. ' daputjr prdnrfaajr.. 'is. djs fcc tkj tkeioein gdr f `daputjr.A:.ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein es idt f preafry stdrfnj hjve`j

 'is. <fnijte` tfpj afnijte` hes` dpte fc hes` (idij dg tkj fldvj)A7. ' ifaj dr iualjr usjh td ehjitegy f stdrfnj cd`ftedi es `fccjh 'is. 'i 'hhrjssAL. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein es f sj`dihfry ajadry hjve`j 'is. es`

Page 152: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 152/155

AH. Xkj heggjrji`j ljtwjji stdrfnj fih ajadry es tkft ajadry es ..fih stdrfnj es 'is. Xjapdrfry pjrafijitAA. ' gcdppy hes` `ditfeis. 'is. $dtk `er`ucfr trf`os fih sj`tdrs.AC.$$* stfihs gdr 'is. $uccjtei $dfrh *jrve`jC3. kft es f $eifry %dhjh j`eafc ($%) 'is. ' hj`eafc systja ei wke`k jf`k

hj`eafc systja iuajrfc (3-C) es rjprjsjitjh ly f : henet (:-let) leifry `dhj.C?. Xkj d`tfc jquevfcji`j dg ???3?3 es.. 'is. H1C1.ke`k wfs tkj `daputjr `di`jevjh ly $fllfnj 'is. difch GiutkC9. es f hjve`j idt `diij`tjh td %"5 'is. gg ceij hjve`jC:.ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein rjnestjrs es cdfhjh wetk tkj `ditjits dg tkj ajadry cd`ftedipdeitjh ly tkj "% 'is. Eistru`tedi +jnestjr C7. <e`rdprd`jssdrs `fi lj usjh td afoj

 'is. %daputjr henetfc systjas `fc`ucftdr (fcc dg tkjsj)CL. ke`k 'ajre`fi `dapfiy es `fccjh $en $cuj 'is. E$<CH. Xkj gerst jcj`trdie` njijrfc purpdsj henetfc `daputjr luect ly <dtojy fih '``rjtj`fccjh J#E'% heh idt wdro di tkj stdrjh prdnrfa `di`jpt. 6dw afiy iualjr `duch et

stdrj ei et;s eietefc ajadry 'is. 13CA. kji heh tkj E$< eitrdhu`jh tkj A31AL lfsjh "%4'X 'is.?CA:CC. Xkj sulj`t dg `yljrijte`s hjfcs wetk tkj s`eji`j dg ..

 'is. `ditrdc 2 %daauie`ftedis.?33. kd es `rjhetjh wetk tkj ehjf dg usein pui`k `frhs td `ditrdc pfttjris dg f wjfveinaf`keij 'is. 6dccjretk?3?.<dst dg tkj eij&pjisevj pjrsdifc `daputjr hdjs idt kfvj fiy hes` dr hesojttjhrevj. kft es tkj ifaj dg su`k `daputjrs 'is. 6daj `daputjrs?31.ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein rjquerjh cfrnj `daputjr ajadry

 'is. Eafnjry nrfpke`s vde`j (fcc dg tkjsj)?39. ' tjra fssd`eftjh wetk tkj `dapfresdi dg prd`jssein spjjhs dg heggjrjit `daputjrsystja es . 'is. <E"*?3:. Xkj prd`jssjs dg stfrtein dr rj-stfrtein f `daputjr systja ly cdfhein eistru`tedisgrda f sj`dihfry stdrfnj hjve`j ei td tkj `daputjr ajadry es `fccjh.'is. $ddtein?37. kd eivjitjh tkj ae rdprd`jssdr 'is. <fr`efi 6ugg ?3L. ij `daputjr tkft es idt `disehjrjh f pdrtflcj `daputjr es 'is. <eie `daputjr ?3H. ' hual tjraeifc kfs f . 'is. Gjy ldfrh fih s`rjji?3A. "cdttjr f``urf`y es ajfsurjh ei tjras dg rjpjftflecety fih 'is. +jsdcutedi?3C. fesy wkjjc preitjr es f typj dg 'is. Eapf`t preitjr.??3. Xkj iualjr dg rj`drhs `ditfeijh wetkei f lcd`o dg hftf di afnijte` tfpj es hjgeijhly tkj. 'is. $cd`oein gf`tdr ???. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein ajadrejs aust lj rjgrjskjh afiy teajs pjr sj`dih

 'is. yifae` +'<??1. Xkj adst eapdrtfit dr tkj pdwjrguc `daputjr ei f type`fc ijtwdro. 'is. es #jtwdro sjvjr ??9. Xkj preafry purpdsj dg sdgtwfrj es td turi tkj hftf ei td 'is. Eigdraftedi.??:. tkj flecety td geih fi eihevehufc etja ei f gecj eaajheftjcy--- es usjh

 'is. *jqujitefc f``jss??7. ' `dccj`tedi dg rjcftjh gecj es `fccjh . 'is. ' rj`drh??L.stdrfnj tkft rjtfeis ets hftf fgtjr tkj pdwjr es turijh dgg es `fccjh ..

Page 153: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 153/155

 'is. #di- vdcftecj stdrfnj??H. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein es tkj cfrnjst uiet dg stdrfnj 'is. ,$??A. $8$ ajfis.

 'is. $eifry 8frnj lj`t dr f cdin let strein rjprjsjitein `dapcj& hftf.??C. . Es f `dapf`t hftf stdrfnj hjve`j afhj dg tkei wfgjrs dg nfrijt ( f sjae

`dihu`tdr aftjrefc) ei f afnijte` gejch idi-vdcftecj ajadry fih tkj hftf `ditfeijh eitkja es sfgj wkji pdwjr es cdst. 'is. $ullcj ajadry?13. * gcdppy hes` hdjs idt kfvj. 'is.f vertufc ajadry?1?. Ei `daputjr4EX gejch tkjrj frj ei dpji systja eitjr`diij`tedi (*E) adhjc.

 'is. H cfyjrs?11. >erjwfcc es usjh ei `daauie`ftedi ijtwdro 4 systja td sfvj grda

 'is. 5ifutkdre!jh fttf`o?19. kft es tkj <E%+ tj`kiequj usjh gdr `cjfrfi`j dg `kjqujs ly $fios

 'is. <fnijte` Eio %kfrf`tjr +j`dnietedi?1:. Xkj wdrh F>X"; fs usjh ei tkj gejch dg `daputjrs stfihs gdr=

 'is. >ecj Xrfisgjr "rdtd`dc

?17. %dapecjr ei `daputjr systja es 'is. *ystja sdgtwfrj?1L. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein es tkj adst prjvfcjit ajtkdh gdr trfisgjrrein guih grda dij`ety td fidtkjr ly Eihefi $fios 'is. JE?1H. <e`rdprd`jssdr `fi lj usjh ei afoein .

 'is. %daputjr enetfc *ystjas %fc`ucftdr ?1A. ' tjra fssd`eftjh wetk tkj `dapfresdi dg prd`jssein spjjh dg heggjrjit `daputjrsystjas es= 'is. %"*?1C. ftflfsj <fifnjajit *ystjas frj `dapresjh dg tflcjs tkft afhj up dg rdws`fccjh ..fih `dcuais `fccjh 'is. +j`drhs gejchs?93. $E* stfihs gdr 'is. ?) $fse` Eiput utput systja 1) $eifry Eiput utputsystja 9) $ddtein Eitjnrfc gge`j *ystja :) $fse` Eitjrifc pjrftein 'is. ?)?9?. kft es wjl `fstein 'is. Xrfisaettein tkj 0ehjd fih 'uhed di tkj eitjrijt.?91. Xkj hftj `daafih ft tkj * prdapt jiflcjs ydu td

 'is. 0ejw tkj hftj fih teaj.?99.kft frj lft`k gecjs ei rjcftedi td `daputjr

 'is. Xkjy kjcp td `cul f nrdup dg stftjajits fih rui tkja dij fgtjr fidtkjr.?9:. kji ydu hjcjtj gecjs ei weihdws dpjrftein systja tkjy frj put ei=

 'is. +j`y`cj $ei?97.>draft `daafih= 'is. >draft skduch lj cjgt td tkj Jineijjrs td usj.?9L.'85 fih `ditrdc sj`tedis kfvj spj`efc purpdsj cd`ftedis `fccjh= 'is. +jnestjrs?9H.kft es tkj gui`tedi dg f adhja

 'is. %divjrts fifcdn senifcs td henetfcs fih ve`j vjrsf.?9A.#jtwdroein usein gelrj dpte` `flcj es hdij fs

 'is. f). et kfs kenk lfih wehtk l). et es tkei fih cenkt `). et es idt fggj`tjh ly jcj`trd-afnijte` eitjrgjrji`j4pdwjr surnjs jt`. (fcc dg tkjsj)?9C. %digjrji`j (ijt s`fpj) ijt ajjtein (eitjrijt j&pcdrjr) jiflcjs

 'is. 8evj rjfc teaj %digjrji`ein?:3. j-`daajr`j usjs tkj gdccdwein ojy stfihfrhs 4 tj`kidcdnejs

 'is. JE (Jcj`trdie` ftf Eitjr`kfinj)?:?. tkj jfrcejst `fc`ucftein hjve`js frj= 'is. 'lf`us

Page 154: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 154/155

?:1. Xkj lfse` dpjrftedis pjrgdrajh ly f `daputjr frj= 'is. 'retkajte` dpjrftedis 8dne`fc dpjrftedis stdrfnj fih rjcftevj (fcc dg tkjsj)?:9.Xkj afi wkd luect tkj gerst aj`kfie`fc %fc`ucftdr wfs.'is. $cfesj "fs`fc?::. %daputjrs luect ljgdrj tkj >erst ,jijrftedi %daputjrs wjrj

 'is. Jcj`trd aj`kfie`fc

?:7. E$< stfihs gdr. 'is. Eitjriftedifc $useijss <f`keijs?:L. 'ifcdn `daputjr es 'is. ' hjve`j tkft dpjrftjs di hftf ei tkj gdra dg`diteiuduscy vfryein pkyse`fc qufitetejs.?:H. ke`k dg tkj dptedis `drrj`tcy j&pcfei tkj tjra "%s

 'is. "jrsdifc %daputjrs wehjcy fvfecflcj td eihevehufc wdrojrs wetk wke`k tkjy `fif``jss eigdraftedi grda cfyjr systjas fih ei`rjfsj tkjer pjrsdifc jgge`eji`y.?:A.kft frj 8fptdps

 'is. 8enkt wjenkt `daputjrs safcc jidunk td get ei f safcc suet `fsj.?:C. Xkj lfse` fr`ketj`turj dg daputjr wfs hjvjcdpjh ly= 'is. Mdki 0di #juafi?73. 'retkajte` gui`tedis dg tkj '85 ei`cuhj= 'is. 'hh *ultrf`t <uctepcy fih evehj?7?. Ei drh prd`jssdr %trcSE es usjh gdr 'is. Etfce` gdrafttein td tkj sjcj`tjh tj&t.

?71. kft es tkj gecj j&tjisedi dg <*-drh hd`uajit 'is. *?79. Ei 61 tkj genurj 1 es fppjfrjh cdwjrjh . ke`k jggj`t kfs ljji fppcejh 'is. *uls`rept?7:. ky frj Fkjfhjrs; fih Fgddtjrs; usjh ei hd`uajit

 'is. Xd fccdw pfnj Fkjfhjrs; fih Fgddtjrs; td fppjfr di hd`uajits wkji et es preitjh.?77. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein skdrt `ut ojy es usjh gdr spjccein `kj`oein 'is. >H?7L. ke`k hjve`j es `fccjh W*ecce`dsfpejis^ 'is. %daputjr ?7H. 'i jrrdr ei sdgtwfrj dr kfrhwfrj es `fccjh f lun. kft es tkj fctjriftevj `daputjr

 frndi gdr et 'is. ,cet`k?7A.kft es $<" (prdidui`js fs Fleap;)

 'is. Et es f letafp fi eafnj afhj up dg cettcj hdts?7C. %trcS$ es usjh .. 'is. Xd afoj tkj sjcj`tjh cjttjrs $dch?L3. kft es tkj aeieaua id. dg `dcuais fih rdws tkft f wdrh tflcj `fi kfvj

 'is. ? rdw fih dij `dcuai?L?. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein hjve`j `fi lj usjh td herj`tcy eafnj preitjh tj&t

 'is. %+?L1. Xkj dutput qufcety dg f preitjr es ajfsurjh ly 'is. dt. "jr sq. ei`k?L9.Ei eiput es ijvjr `divjrtjh td henetfc gdra. 'is. fifcdn `daputjr ?L:. Ei cftjst njijrftedi `daputjrs tkj eistru`tedis frj j&j`utjh.

 'is. $dtk sjqujitefccy fih pfrfccjc.?L7. kd hjsenijh tkj gerst jcj`trdie` `daputjr J#E'% 'is. 0fi #juafii?LL. kd eivjitjh tkj kenk cjvjc cfinufnj F%; 'is. jiies < +e`kej?LH. "jrsdiijc wkd hjseni prdnrfa dpjrftj fih afeitfei `daputjr jquepajit rjgjrstd.. 'is. "jdpcjwfrj?LA. * gcdppy hes` hdjs idt kfvj .. 'is. ' 0ertufc ajadry.?LC. >erjwfcc es usjh ei `daauie`ftedi systja4ijtwdro td sfvj

 'is. 5ifutkdre!jh fttf`o?H3. kft es tkj ajfiein dg <E%+ tj`kiequj usjh gdr `cjfrfi`j dg `kjqujs ly $fios

 'is. <fnijte` Eio %kfrf`tjr +j`dnietedi?H?. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein es f %+ (%ftkdhj +fy `eccds`dpj) 'is. <dietdr 

Page 155: Computer Literacy Guide

7/23/2019 Computer Literacy Guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-literacy-guide 155/155

?H1. Xkj <+ `fi rjfh fldut hd`uajit4 aeiutj. 'is. ?3333?H9. Xkj rjfhein spjjh dg <E%+ es .. hd`uajit4 aeiutj 'is. 1:33?H:. Xkj `dihu`tein aftjrefc tkft wfs `dftjh eisehj tkj s`rjji dg %+X es

 'is. 'qufhfn?H7.Xkj <+ es flcj td jvfcuftj dicy tkdsj hd`uajits wke`k frj preitjh wetkei

.pdsetedi. 'is. <frojh?HL. kft es ajfit ly $X*X+'" ($X) 'is. ' sdgtwfrj prdnrfa gdr eieteftein tkj tkj dpjrftedi dg f `daputjr.?HH. 's `dapfrjh td %+X tkj gcft pfijc hespcfy rjquerjs

 'is. (f) 8jss pdwjr (l) cdw dpjrftein vdctfnj ('is ldtk f fih l)?HA.kft es %+X 'is. %ftkdhj +fy Xulj?HC.,rfpke`fc hjve`js wke`k frj wehjcy usjh td rjprjsjit tkj nrfpke`s di s`rjji frj

 'is. .(f) %+X (l) >cft "fijc ( ldtk f fih l)?A3.+< stfihs gdr wkft 'is. retj i`j +jfh <jadry?A?. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein es f tjapdrfry preafry ajadry

 'is. +fihda '``jss <jadry

?A1. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein es f sjqujitefc f``jss ajadry 'is. Xfpj?A9. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein `fi kdch af&eaua hftf 'is. <fnijte` Xfpj?A:. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein es f stdrfnj tkft suppcjajits tkj preafry eitjrifc stdrfnj dg f `daputjr 'is. *j`dihfry stdrfnj?A7. Xkj flecety td rjfh dr wretj jf`k pej`j dg eigdraftedi ei f stdrfnj hjve`j eifpprd&eaftjcy tkj sfaj cjintk dg teaj rjnfrhcjss dg ets cd`ftedi es.

 'is. +fihda '``jss?AL. ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein `fi stdrj cfrnj faduit dg hftf 'is. 6frh eso?AH ke`k dg tkj gdccdwein es kfihy td `frry yjt `fi stdrj cfrnj faduits dg hftf