Ba̍k-chiu ê Pó-ióng kap Chèng-thâu

Ba�k-chiu ê Pó-ióng kap Chèng-thâu

1 Kiat-ko kap Seng-li2 Ba�k-chiu-piⁿ kap Ti-liau3 Oan-si kap Kun-si4 Ba�k-chiu e Po-kian

112/04/21 1

Kiat-ko� kap Seng-li

• Sī-khì:- Ba�k-chiu e lō-ēng si koan khoaⁿ-kìⁿ e tai-chì, kio-choe si-kak ( 視覺 );- i e khoan-sit si chhin-chhiuⁿ kiû, ji �p ti ba�k-chiu-o e so-chai;- khoah chha-put-to chi �t chhùn, chhim kau hun (tē 105 tô)

• I e ûi u saⁿ teng:- gōa-teng si kēng-mo� h ( 硬膜 , sclerotic; 19), kap kak mo� h ( 角膜 , cornea; 9). - Tē ji teng si me�h-lo�k-mo� h ( 脈絡膜 , choroid; 20), kap hông-chhai ( 虹彩 , iris; 11).- Tē saⁿ teng si bang-mo� h ( 網膜 , retina; 21).

• Kēng-mo� �h: si tēng koh kian-ko e chit, teh po-hō lai-

bin khah khoai siu hai e mi �h.• Kak-mo� �h:

- si ōe thang-kng e mo� h, teh khàm ti gan-kiû thau-cheng e la�k hun chi �t.

- Kak-mo� h-lai bô huih-kńg. - Kak-mo� h si tùi lîm-pa-e�k lai siu i e chu-

iong-liau.- Kak-mo� h u sîn-keng e bé-liu chin chōe.

• Me�h-lo�k-mo� �h:- si khah o-chang-sek.- Ti chit teng-lai u huih-kńg chin chōe.- Me�h-lo�k-mo� h e chok-iōng si teh iúⁿ-chhi gan-kiû.- Ia i e sek-ti teh hō ba�k-chiu-lai khah àm.

• Hông-chhái (iris):- Ti kak-mo� h kap chúi-chiⁿ-thé(6) e tiong-kan u chhin-chhiuⁿ îⁿ e mn@g-lî, hō choe hông-chhái;- khoah chha-put-to poaⁿ-chhùn;- sek-ti ta�k lang bô sio-tang, u lang si o, u-e lam, chang, hé-hu, chhiah, kúi-na hō e sek.

• Tông-khóng (瞳孔 ):- Chit e hông-chhai e tiong-ng u chi �t e khang kio-choe tông-khóng.- Tông-khong u-sî tōa, u-sî soe, si tùi hông-chhai e chhun-kiu;- ti kng e so-chai chiu kiu soe, kio-choe tông-khong-siu-siok ( 瞳孔收縮 );- ti àm e so-chai ōe chhun tōa, kio-choe tông-khong-sàn-tai ( 瞳孔散大 ).

• Chúi-chiⁿ-thé (水晶體 ,“chheng-chu”crystalline lens): -Ti kak-mo� h e au-bin u chi �t lia�p, mia kio chúi-chiⁿ-thé.- Chit-e si chhin-chhiuⁿ siang-bin phong e po-le thàu-kiàⁿ e khoan-sit;- i e lō-ēng si hō kng ōe sia-ji �p chio ti bang-mo� h.- Chit e chúi-chiⁿ-thé ōe ka-ki khah phong khah thap;- khoaⁿ kun e mi �h chiu khah phong, khoaⁿ hnBg chiu khah piⁿ.

• Chiân-pông (anterior chamber; 10), hō�-pông (posterior chamber; 12): - Chúi-chiⁿ-thé kap kak-mo� h e tiong-ng u nnBg e pông,- chiân-pông khah tōa, si ti hông-chhai kap kak-mo� h e tiong-ng;- hō�-pông si khah soe, ti chúi-chiⁿ-thé kap hông-chhai e tiong-ng.- Ti nnBg pông e lai-bin, long u chhin-chhiuⁿ chúi e chit, kio-choe chúi-iuⁿ-e�k ( 水樣液 , aqueous humor).- Chit e chúi-iuⁿ-e�k sî-siông liû-heng, tùi hō-pông, kè tông-khong kàu chian-pông; ia tùi chian-pông khip-siu ti chēng-me�h-lai.

• Po-lê-thé-pông (vitreous chamber; 18): - Ti chúi-chiⁿ-thé e au-bin, ti chúi-chiⁿ-thé kap bang-mo� h e tiong-ng, u chit e tōa-pông, pi hit téng-bin chian-, hō-pông khah tōa, mia kio po-lê-thé-pông;- ti lai-bin u thang-kng e chit, kio-choe po-lê-thé (vitreous).

• Sī-sîn-keng:- Chi �t tiau sī-sîn-keng si tùi nau khi, chiap kàu gan-kiû po-lê-thé-pông e au-bin, chiah pun-khui lai choe pau gan-kiû e lai-teng, chiu-si bang-mo� h.- Gan-kiû la�k hun e gō hun u pau bāng-mo� �h ( 網膜 , retina).- Bang-mo� h sui-bong si po�h-po�h, iau-kú thang pun kúi-na teng.- Na ēng kiam-gan-kiàⁿ lai giam, ōe khoaⁿ-kìⁿ hit ba�k-chiu-lai e sī-sîn-keng-leng-thâu ( 視神經乳頭 , optic disc); ia ōe khoaⁿ-kìⁿ bang-mo� h e tōng-chēng-me�h.

Ba�k-chiu-piⁿ kap Ti-liau

• Kak-mo� �h-pe�h-pan• Pe�h-lāi-chiàng• Le�k-lāi-chiàng

Kak-mo� �h-pe�h-pan

• Kak-mo� h-pe�h-pan e khoan-sit, si kak-mo� �h khi pe�h-ì, lai jia ba�k-chiu e tông-khóng, hō lang bōe khoaⁿ-kìⁿ mi �h.

• I-ti e hoat-tō, tio�h ēng chhiú-su�t-e, chiong hit e hông-chhái tam-po�h ka-khi-lai choe khang, chhin-chhiuⁿ sin e tông-khong e khoan, kio-choe hông-chhai-chhiat-tû-su�t ( 虹彩切除術 , iridectomy; tē 248, 249 tô).

• Piⁿ ho liau-au, tio�h koa u choe-sek e ba�k-kiàⁿ.

Pe�h-lāi-chiàng

• Pe�h-lai-chiàng si in-ui chúi-chiⁿ-thé tńg lô, lang chiu chhiⁿ-mî.  

• Chit hō chèng, tio�h koah ba�k-chiu, lai the�h chhut chúi-chiⁿ-thé;

• au-lai tio�h koa phong e ba�k-kiàⁿ lai thoe chúi-chiⁿ-thé, chiu khoaⁿ ōe beng.

• Tì-ì tiām-chēngI-seng teh choe ba�k-chiu chhiú-su�t e sî, khàn-hō tio�h tiam-tiam, mB -thang tin-tang kiaⁿ lō, a-si cha�h kng, lai kiau-jiau i-seng.

• Ba�k-chiu chhiú-su�t liau-au, tio�h kah i to chhio-chhio;

• chiàu i-seng e bēng-lēng, u-sî saⁿ sì ji �t mB -thang tin-tang, a-si lo�h thô-kha choe tai-chì.

• Tio�h chiong khah khoai siau-hoa e mi �h hō i chia�h.

Le�k-lāi-chiàng

• Iau u chi �t khoan ba�k-chiu piⁿ u-sî ōe tì-kàu chhiⁿ-mî, kio-choe le�k-lai-chiàng ( 綠內障 , glaucoma).

• Chit hō piⁿ-lang e ba�k-chiu-jîn pìⁿ-chiaⁿ tēng. Tùi an-ni u teh-tio�h sī-sīn-keng-leng-thâu hō i phaiⁿ-khì, tì-kàu chiam-chiam bu, khoaⁿ bōe beng.

• Chit-e khah-siông si lau-lang chiah ōe an-ni.• Ū-sî i-seng ēng chhiú-su�t lai hō i mB -bian chhiⁿ-

mî.• Tio�h ēng eserina e io�h tiam ba�k-chiu-lai.

Oán-sī kap Kun-sī

• Ba�k-chiu thang hun choe sì khoan:• chiàⁿ-si-gan ( 正視眼 , normal vision

eye);• oan-si-gan ( 遠視眼 , far-sighted eye);• kun-si-gan ( 近視眼 , near-sighted eye;

tē 106 tô);• lōan-si-gan ( 亂視眼 , astigmatic eye).

Chiàⁿ-sī-gán

• Chiàⁿ-sī-gán si ba�k-chiu chiau-chn@g ho

• chiu-si ji �t-kng e pîⁿ-heng-soaⁿ ( 平行線 ) na ji �p ti ba�k-chiu-lai, i e sio-tiam ( 焦點 , focus) si tú-tú ti bāng-mo� �h; so-i lang ōe thang khoaⁿ beng(tē106tô A).

Óan-sī-gán

• Óan-sī-gán chiu-si gan-kiû siuⁿ té, so-i ji �t-kng e pîⁿ-heng-soaⁿ chio-ji �p ti ba�k-chiu, i e sio-tiam si ti bang-mo� h-au (tē 106 tô B).

Kun-sī-gán

• Kun-sī-gán si gan-kiû siuⁿ tn@g, so-i ji �t-kng e pîⁿ-heng-soaⁿ chio-ji �p ti ba�k-chiu, i e sio-tiam si ti bang-mo� h-cheng (tē 106 tô C).

• Na-si an-ni chiu khoaⁿ hnBg khah bô beng. Khoaⁿ mi �h ài the�h khah oa ba�k-chiu, so-i kio-choe kun-si-gan. Khoaⁿ tē 108-110 tô chiu chai.

Ba�k-kiàⁿ• Óan-si-gan, gan-kiû siuⁿ té; kun-si-gan, gan-

kiû siuⁿ tn@g; na an-ni kan-séng kì, chiu khah ōe-kì-tit.

• Lang e ba�k-chiu na oan-si-gan, tio�h koa phong-bin thàu-kiàⁿ e ba�k-kiàⁿ. Án-ni chiu ji �t-kng e pîⁿ-heng-soaⁿ e sio-tiam, ōe tú-tú ti bang-mo� h, chiu ōe thang khoaⁿ beng (tē 111 tô ).

• Lang e ba�k-chiu na kun-si-gan tio�h ēng thap-bin thàu-kiàⁿ e ba�k-kiàⁿ. An-ni chiu ji �t-kng e pîⁿ-heng-soaⁿ, i e sio-tiam ōe tú-tú ti bang-mo� h, chiu ōe thang khoaⁿ beng (tē 110 tô ) .

Ba�k-chiu ê Pó-kiān

• Lun pó-sioh ba�k-chiu thian-jiân ê hoat-tō�

• Chiàu-ko� ba�k-chiu ê kui-kú

Lun pó-sioh ba�k-chiu thian-jiân ê hoat-tō�

• Ba�k-chiu si put-chi po-poe e mi �h, so-i pi-pan ta�k hang chiau-pi lai po-hō.

• Ba�k-jîn téng-ē ham u ba�k-chiu phe ōe thi-khui ōe ha�p. Na u sim-mi �h teh beh kha�p-tio�h chiu ka-ki ōe nih lai po-hō ba�k-chiu.

• Ba�k-chiu phe e kîⁿ u ba�k-chiah-mn@g si hō eng-ia kap sio�k hô-sîn e lui khah bōe ji �p. Ba�k kîⁿ ia ōe siⁿ tam-po�h iû hō téng-ē e kîⁿ khah bōe sio liam.

• Ba�k-chiu u e téng-bin gōa-kak u ba�k-sai chôaⁿ chha-put-to chhin-chhiuⁿ hēng-jîn e tōa.

• I e kong-iōng si ōe siⁿ e�k na chúi lai siông-siông lun-te�k ba�k-chiu koh soe-tû eng-ia.

• Ba�k-chiu e lai-kak téng-ē kok u chi �t tiau soe-soe e kńg, ba�k-sai tùi chiah e kńg lau lo�h phiⁿ-khang-lai chiah ûn-ûn-a ta-khì.

• Siat-sú lang kan-kho sim thî-khàu ba�k-sai chiah siⁿ khah chōe, lau bōe it-chin lo�h phiⁿ chiu moa-chhut ti bin.

• Kiam-chhai ba�k-chiu eng-tio�h chiu liam-piⁿ u ba�k-iû khah chōe ōe lau-chhut lai soe-tû.

Chiàu-ko� ba�k-chiu ê kui-kú

• Taⁿ i-keng chai ba�k-chiu si chin po-poe e mi �h eng-kai tio�h soe-ji chiàu-ko na chhin-chhiuⁿ po-chu.

• Siàu-lian e sî na lam-sam ēng, chiu kiaⁿ-liau pa�t-ji �t sit-pai. Ū kúi-na hang tio�h soe-ji tî-hông.

• (1) Ti khah àm e pang-keng mB thang khoaⁿ chheh a-si choe chiam-sit. Na tiam iû teng tio�h ēng choa-phe choe teng-tà. Kng na chio ti so khoaⁿ e mi �h si tē-it ho, na tùi ba�k-chiu ōe chai kan-kho.

• (2) Ha�k-seng sia ji mB thang àⁿ-àⁿ hō ba�k-chiu siuⁿ oa, che ia si hai ba�k-chiu. Lang na ài the�h mi �h chin oa ba�k-chiu, chiu hit e lang tōa poaⁿ si khiàm-ēng ba�k-kiàⁿ.

• (3) Khiàm-ēng ba�k-kìaⁿ e lang bô lun tōa-lang gin-a mB thang beh lún mB koa; i e ba�k-chiu siông-sè lai chîn chiu kiaⁿ-liau ōe ham-hai.

• (4) Bat thiaⁿ-kìⁿ u thì-thau e ēng gûn e chu-a so ba�k-chiu phe-lai. Chit e tai-chì chin bô ún-tàng, in-ui kiam-chhai tùi hōan-tio�h ba�k-soa e lang thôan hit e to�k kàu ti pa�t lang e ho ba�k.

• (5) Siat-sú lang ba�k-chiu thiàⁿ, khan ang-kun thang ēng tam-po�h peng-se-sng, iûⁿ ti kún-chúi, he e sî chiah lai soe ba�k-chiu, ta�k ji �t kúi-na pai.

• Koh thang ēng chi �t tè khah o e choa-phe pa�k thau-hia�h lai jia ba�k-chiu, chiu ji �t kng khah bōe chhiah ba�k.

• Na bô kin-kin khah ho tio�h chhiaⁿ chai-iaⁿ e sian-siⁿ ka i khoaⁿ lai tiam pa�t mi �h io�h.

• (6) Ba�k-chiu u sî siⁿ chu, che si chin iàu-kin e su, tio�h liam-piⁿ i-ti, na bô kiaⁿ-liau siⁿ chu ōe na chhim, ia ōe chǹg khang hai-tio�h gan-liam, au-lai beh i chin oh, kiam-chhai phah phaiⁿ ba�k-chiu kàu chi �t sì.

• (7) Siat-sú ba�k-chiu eng-tio�h kàu put-chi tiam mB thang je. Ba�k-chiu tio�h pàng khoeh tia�p-a kú, kiam-chhai ka-ki ōe lau ba�k-iû soe-tû,

• na bô chiu thang tùi ba�k-chiu phe tioh-kôaiⁿ khi-lai, hō eng-ia tè ba�k-iû lau-chhut,

• a-si chiong ba�k-phe péng khi-lai khoaⁿ eng-ia a-si chi �t ki i-keng lak e ba�k-chiah-mn@g ti tah-lo�h, thang soa ēng nńg-nńg koh chheng-khì e kun a-si mî-hoe khin-khin chhit khi-lai.

• Na bô kin ho tio�h chhéng-kàu i-seng.

• Siat-sú tōa lang a-si gin-a ba�k-chiu thiàⁿ, lau chōe-chōe ba�k-sai ko, chit hō piⁿ khoai-khoai to-tio�h lang.

• Beh tî-hông chit e tai-chì nnBg lang e bin mB thang saⁿ-oa, koh ba�k-chiu thiàⁿ e lang tio�h ēng lēng-gōa bin-kun.

• Lau-bú ka gin-a chhit ba�k-chiu liau-au tio�h soe chhiú, chiu khah bōe to-tio�h ka-ki e ba�k-chiu.