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Bahan Bahan Listrik
Ir. Karnoto, M.T.Mochammad Facta, Ph.D
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Materi Perkuliahan
1. Prinsip dasar ilmu bahan listrik,2. Sifat dan jenis bahan-bahan dielectric serta
isolasi cair, padat dan gas;3. Bahan konduktor,4. Bahan semikonduktor,
KNT
4. Bahan semikonduktor,5. Bahan super konduktor;6. Bahan magnetik,7. Bahan optik,8. Material lain seperti:
bahan solder, termokopel, pelebur (fuse)
FCT
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Standar kompetensi
Setelah menyelesaikan Mata Kuliah inimahasiswa Teknik Elektro mampumenentukan (C3) bahan-bahan yangdigunakan dalam bidang teknik elektrodigunakan dalam bidang teknik elektro
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Bahan Pustaka Utama
1. B. M Tarrev, Material for ElectricalEngineering, Moscow USSR
2. Lawrence H. Van Viack, Element of MaterialScienceScience
3. S.O. Kasap, Principles Electronic material andDevices, Mc Graww Hill, 2006
4. Dieter Kind, Herman Karner, High VoltageInsulation Technology, Fiedr. Vieweg &Sons,1985
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Metode Evaluasi Belajar
Tugas/Quiz/Tes Kecil Mendadak 30% Ujian Tengah Semester (UTS) 20% Ujian Akhir Semester 50% Total 100% Total 100%
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Length- scales
Angstrom = 1 = 1/ 10, 000, 000, 000 meter = 10 -10 m Nanometer = 10 nm = 1/ 1, 000, 000, 000 meter = 10 -9m Micrometer = 1Om = 1/ 1, 000, 000 meter = 10-6 m Millimeter = 1mm = 1/ 1, 000 meter = 10 -3 m Interatomic distance ~ a few Interatomic distance ~ a few A human hair is ~ 50m
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The World of Material
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Types of Materials Classify materials according to the way the atoms are bound together Metals: valence electrons are detached from atoms, and spread in an
'electron sea' that "glues" the ions together. Strong, ductile, conductelectricity and heat well, are shiny if polished.
Semiconductors: the bonding is covalent (electrons are shared betweenatoms). Their electrical properties depend strongly on minute proportionsof contaminants. Examples: Si, Ge, GaAs.of contaminants. Examples: Si, Ge, GaAs.
Ceramics: atoms behave like either positive or negative ions, and arebound by Coulomb forces. They are usually combinations of metals orsemiconductors with oxygen, nitrogen or carbon (oxides, nitrides, andcarbides). Hard, brittle, insulators. Examples: glass, porcelain.
Polymers: are bound by covalent forces and also by weak van der Waalsforces, and usually based on C and H. They decompose at moderatetemperatures (100 400 C), and are lightweight. Examples: plasticsrubber.
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2
003B
rooks/Cole
Publishin
g/T
homson
Learning
Functionalclassification ofmaterials. Notice thatmetals, plastics, andceramics occur indifferent categories.A limited number of
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A limited number ofexamples in eachcategory is provided
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Material selection
Materials are used to make or build objects.
In Selecting the best material you need to lookat 4 things: Physical properties, Cost and Time,Shaping and Forming and Availability.
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Material Science and Engineering
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Selecting the best material A checklist2 WHAT COST?
The materials
The extras (fittings etc)
3 SHAPING & FORMING
CuttingoutMoulding
1 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Hardness
Tensile Strength
Compressive Strength
Shear Strength
Stiffness
SELE
MouldingCastingJoining
4 AVAILABILITY
Are they easy to obtainincluding fittings.
Stiffness
Toughness
Malleable
Corrosive
Appearance
Weight
Conductivity
ECTION
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General Chemical Physicochemical Mechanical
Classes of Material Properties
Thermal Electrical and magnetic Acoustical & Optical
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Properties; Properties are the way the material responds to
the environment and external forces. Mechanical properties response to mechanical
forces, strength, etc. Electrical and magnetic properties - response
electrical and magnetic fields, conductivity, etc. Electrical and magnetic properties - response
electrical and magnetic fields, conductivity, etc. Thermal properties are related to transmission of
heat and heat capacity. Optical properties include to absorption,
transmission and scattering of light. Chemical stability in contact with the environment
corrosion resistance.
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General Properties of Engineering Materials
Density or Relative Density Porosity Moisture Content Macrostructure, viewable with the un- Macrostructure, viewable with the un-
aided eye Microstructure, groups of atoms that
are normally agglomerated together
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Chemical Properties of Engineering Materials
Oxide or Compound Composition Acidity or Alkalinity Resistance to Corrosion or Weathering
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Physicochemical Properties of EngineeringMaterials
Water-absorptive or water-repellent action Shrinkage and swell due to moisture change.
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Mechanical Properties of Engineering Materials
Some include: Strength
Tension, compression, shear, and Flexure Static, impact, and endurance
Stiffness Elasticity/Plasticity Ductility/Brittleness Hardness & wear resistance
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Thermal Properties of Engineering Materials
Specific Heat Expansion Conductivity
Electrical and Magnetic Properties ofElectrical and Magnetic Properties ofEngineering Materials
Conductivity Magnetic permeability Galvanic action
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Acoustical Properties of Engineering Materials
Sound Transmission Sound Reflection
Optical Properties of Engineering MaterialsOptical Properties of Engineering Materials
Color Light transmission Light reflection
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Properties of Materials Each material has many properties. It is
incorrect, for example to describe amaterial as just strong or weak as forexample concrete is strong in compressionbut weak in tension.but weak in tension.
Hardness Toughness Strength
Brittleness Malleability Ductility
Elasticity Plasticity Conductivity
Density Fatigue Stiffness
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Hardness The ability of a material to resist wear
indentation and scratching.
An example of ahardness test thatcan be carried outin the lab.in the lab.
Different materialsare used and thedepth of indentationmeasured
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Toughness The ability of a material to withstand
blows or sudden impact.Different materials areused, the hammer isswung from the sameheight each time aboutheight each time abouta fixed fulcrum. Thedistance travelled afterimpact or fracture isused to find toughness
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Strength The ability of a material to withstand
forces of tension, compression andtorsion
Tensile Strength the ability to withstandpulling forces or Tension forces
Compressive Strength the ability to withstandsqueezing forces or Compression forces
Torsional Strength the ability to withstandtwisting forces or Torsion forces
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Brittleness
The same as thetoughness testhowever thosematerials that
A material that is easily fractured byimpact is said to be brittle e.g. Glass
materials thatfracture easily aresaid to be brittle.
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Malleability A material that can be rolled or hammered
into shape without rupture.
As ring rises theside of Coke canside of Coke canis thinned out
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Ductility A material that can be pulled or stretched
into a thin wire or thread.
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Elasticity The ability of a material to return to its
original shape after deformation.
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Plasticity The ability of a material to be permanently
deformed without fracture..
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Conductivity The ability of a material to allow Heat or
electricity to flow through it.
Ball Bearing dropsfrom mostfrom mostconductive 1st.
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Density Is the mass of 1 cubic centimetre (cm3) of
a substance. (Mass per unit Volume)
Q. Which is heavier a tonne of feathersor a tonne of lead?
Q. Which has the greatest density?
Density =Mass
Volume
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Fatigue Occurs when materials have become
overworked and fracture or fail.
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Stiffness The ability of a material to resist bending
deformation.
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End
ofPresentation
