Arah Hukum Dan Regulasi Telekomunikasi - insteps.or.id Umum/Arah Hukum Dan Regulasi... · Contoh: S is temI nfo raP Sistem Informasi Pendidikan Sisminbakum e-Health e-Government e-Commerce

Arah Hukum Dan RegulasiBidang TelekomunikasiDalam MendukungMasyarakat InformasiDisajikan Oleh:Mas Wigrantoro Roes SetiyadiKetua Masyarakat Telematika Indonesia (MASTEL)[email protected]

Jogjakarta, 19 September 2005

3/2/08MasWig for Widya Mataram Univ. Seminar2

Masyarakat Informasi????Pendekatan Ketersediaan Teknologi


Masyarakat Informasi?????

Ekonomi

Sosial Hukum

Pertanian

Telematika

Kes

ehat

anPe

ndid

ikan

Polit

ik

Aplikasi Telematika UntukBidang Terkait.

Contoh:Sistem Informasi PertanianSistem Informasi PendidikanSisminbakume-Healthe-Governmente-Commercee-EducationDll.

Kajian Bidang tertentu yang berhubungan dengan dampak Telematika

Contoh:- Kajian Ekonomi Telematika (Economic of ICT)- Hukum Telematika

- Dampak Sosial Telematika- Kebijakan Pendidikan Telematika- Politik Telematika

Fasilitasi Telematika kepada Sektor lain


Masyarakat Informasi?????Konektivitas Universal dari pemanfaatan Internet

Smaller World


Masyarakat Informasi?????Sumber

Informasi Penerbit Koran PemasangIklan

Pembaca

membeli

Transformasi independensi sumber informasi

SumberInformasi

Penerbit KoranElektronik

PemasangIklan Online

Pembaca Koranelektronik

log-in

Conventional Practices

Info-based Society Practices


Model Analisis

PerubahanRegulasi

RegulasiBaru

ImplikasiSosekpolbudtek

FaktorPendorong

ImplementasiRegulasi

MasyarakatInformasiDInamis


Faktor Pendorong

Perkembangan dan konvergensi TI danTelekomunikasi

Munculnya berbagai Layanan Baru Permintaan terhadap Lingkungan Kompetitif Tuntutan efisiensi pengolahan sumber daya Perubahan paradigma politik


Technological DrivingForces

The generic impact of microelectronics, due to the rapidlychanging price/performance ratio of Very Large ScaleIntegrated (VLSI) circuits, both on the common networkinfrastructure and on customer equipment;

The role of optical techniques in bulk information transmissionover long distances;

The increasing role of radio technologies in reachingindividual users over shorter distances (‘wireless local loop’,cellular systems); and

The intrusion of special computer platforms and networks intothe infrastructure for the plain old telephone service (POTS),in order to create and manage more advanced services(‘intelligent networking’).

Melody, eds (2002)


Perkembangan AplikasiTeknologi Circuit Switch IP Switch Narrow Band Broadband Cellular Wideband Cellular OSOC MSOC Open protocol Adaptive protocol New standard in wireless technology


Layanan Baru

Facility-based Penyedia jaringan

Service-based MVNO Content providers IP-based communication services


Overlap of Services

Cable operators will be able to offer telephone service; Broadband video, High Definition Television and

multimedia services can be offered over a broadband(e.g. optical fibre) switched network, over upgradedcable television networks, and over broadbandwireless networks;

Broadcast distribution can be provided by cableoperators, public broadcast networks and satellitebroadcasters; and

Point-to-multipoint data downloading (data casting)can be provided by broadcasters, satellitebroadcasters and the PTO.


Persoalan PenyelenggaraanTelekomunikasi*) Perizinan Interkoneksi Kode Akses Konflik Pengaturan Pusat –Daerah Kompetensi Regulator*) yang dirasakan oleh sebagian

besar operator pada saat ini


Kode Akses

Merupakan konsekuensi pelaksanaan UU36 tahun 1999 yang mendorong berlakunyapasar persaingan

Sebagian besar jajaran TLKM di daerahmenolak kebijakan Kode Akses

ISAT menuntut pemberlakuan Kode Aksesdi seluruh Indonesia

Memerlukan kebijakan Pemerintah (danimplementasinya) yang adil (fair) terhadapTLKM, ISAT, dan Masyarakat


Konflik Pengaturan Pusat -Daerah Pro – kontra Pembinaan

Telekomunikasi Beberapa Pemda membuat Perda

yang memberatkan operator


Kompetensi Regulator

Peran BRTI dianggap masih belum optimal dalampembinaan Telekomunikasi

Masih muncul keraguan di kalangan pelakuTelekomunikasi mengenai independensi BRTI

Personalia BRTI dianggap belum mencerminkankompetensi yang dibutuhkan dalam pembinaanTelekomunikasi yang semakin kompleks.

Keberadaan BRTI sebagai lembaga publik yangkeberadaannya didasarkan SK Menhub dianggapkurang memiliki legitimasi dalam pembinaanTelekomunikasi


Perubahan Regulasi????

Perijinan Interkoneksi Competitive Safe Guard Resource Management Universal Service Obligation Standardization


The NewTelecommunications: Policyand Regulatory Challenges

Increasing regulationMinimal regulation

Rivalry, non-transparentnetwork access

Co-operative partnerships, transparentnetwork access

Weak stimuli for competitionOpen Systems, common interface standards

Supply-led industry,multinational user pressure

Demand-ledtelecommunication industry

Reduced universality of servicesUniversal services

Fragmented networksPermeable seamless networks

The Dominant Player(s) Scenario(Strategic)

Full Competition Scenario(Idealist)


Regulasi Yang Baik?

Forward looking Proactive Fair (non-discriminatory) Technology neutral Efficient Effective (Implementable)


Considerations for FramingNational Telecom Reforms The International Framework Related National Policies Structural Reform of Telecom Sector Defining the Process of Regulation Substantive Regulatory Issues


Sasaran Regulasi

To ensure everyone has access to reasonable service atreasonable prices.

Universal accessibility to basic telephone service ataffordable prices;

Opportunity for telephone company shareholders to earn areasonable return on their investment;

Equitable treatment of subscribers in terms of service andprice;

Assurance that telephone companies do not unfairly takeadvantage of their monopoly dealings with competitors; and

Encouragement of the development and widespreadavailability of new technology and innovative services torespond to the needs of business and residence customers.


The International Framework

International TelecommunicationUnion (ITU)

World Trade Organisation (WTO) OECD Common Trends Regional Compatibility (e.g. European

Union, APEC-Tel, Others)


Rantai Nilai SektorTelekomunikasi

Consumer Electronic

Databases

Network Management

VAS

PTOs

Telecom Equipment

Software

Computer H/W

Internet

Equipment Supply Telecomm Infrastructure Service Development

Competitive Market Monopoly / Duopoly / Ologopoly Competitive Market

regulators will need to monitor the extent and significance ofcompetition in telecom markets, and take positive steps to reduce barriers to entry

wherever possible


Struktur Desentralisasi –Reformasi Telekomunikasi

Government (Policy Development)

Policy Advisor Unit

Regulator

MarketOperatorBoard of Directors

Pengaruh Langsung

Pengaruh tidak langsung jangka panjang


Independent Regulator

It does not mean independence fromgovernment policy, or the power to makepolicy

Independence to implement policy withoutundue interference from politicians orindustry lobbyists.

The PTO must be publicly seen to beindependent from government

Stronger regulation can minimise the risksof industry capture and political favouritism.


Related National Policies

Competition and Anti-monopoly Policy Consumer Protection Policy Information Society Policies


Structural Reform ofTelecommunication Sector Objectives of Telecommunication

Policy Development Role for an Independent PTO Communication or Competition

Ministry? Role for Independent

Telecommunication Regulation


Defining the Process ofRegulation Independence and Relation to Ministry for

Policy Development Scope for Pro-active Industry Monitoring

and Inquiry Information Gathering Powers Procedures for Participation in the

Regulatory Process Scope for Public Access to Information Accountability of the Regulator


Substantive RegulatoryIssues Licensing Competition Radio Spectrum Access to Rights of

Way Numbering and

Portability Standards and

Protocols Interconnection

(Carrier andSubscriber)

Preventing Anti-competitive Behaviour

Price Regulation Quality of Service

Regulation Universal Service Consumer Protection Privacy, Security,

Content Compatibility for Trade Information Society

Development


Prioritas RegulasiTelekomunikasi

Consumer benefitOverriding policy objective, sought to be achieved via healthy competition

Level playing fieldamongst existing players

Entry of new players/technologies

InterconnectFair terms, time-bound

SpectrumOptimal utilization from anoverall industry perspective

Competition CodeDominant Licensee Obligations

Equitable operatingconditions

Same principles for similarusage

* Recent trend amongst regulators

Other activities include pricing transparency, quality assurance, grievanceredressal, etc.



Regulators focus on ensuring effective competition for sustained consumerbenefit, balanced with the need for overall industry development.

Source: Consultant Analysis

ActivitiesCountry

Hong Kong

United States

Singapore

Malaysia

Australia

UK

Philippines

Germany

SpectrumManagement

TechnicalStandards

DominantLicenseeRegulation

Consumerprotection



Driven by this objective, their activities fall largely within three maindomains: market, industry and technology.

Coverage and quality

Transparency inPricing

Promoting Innovation

Customer Protectionand redressal

Market

Fair Competition

EnsuringInterconnection underreasonable conditionsto non-incumbents

Dominant licenseeobligations (some)

Industry

Regulator

Spectrum management

Revocation andreallocation of spectrum,if required

Foster and promote newtechnologies

Technology

Source: Consultant Analysis


Regulasi Perijinan

Perizinan yang diterbitkan oleh Pemerintah di masalalu dipersoalkan kembali oleh Pemerintah sekarang

Prosedur perizinan yang ditayangkan di website resmiDitjen Postel tidak sesuai dengan kenyataan dilapangan

Belum ada transparansi informasi tentang peluangbisnis telekomunikasi yang memerlukan perizinan

Sebagian besar aplikasi perizinan diprosesmenggunakan ketentuan first come first served,muncul license squaters.


Klasifikasi Perijinan

Layer 4: INFORMATION SERVICESProvision of content

Layer 3: VALUE-ADDED SERVICESProvision of access to information services

Layer 2: NETWORK SERVICESProvision of routing & mobility mgmt.

Layer 1: INFRASTRUCTUREProvision of transmission capacity and

air interfaces to terminal

Facility-based

Service-based


Regulasi Interkoneksi

Interkoneksi adalah keterhubungan fisik antara jaringan satuoperator dengan jaringan milik operator yang lain sehinggamemungkinkan pelanggan satu operator menghubungi pelangganoperator lain

Interkoneksi didorong oleh sifat dasar dari telekomunikasi yaituend-to-end dan any-to-any connectivity

Semua operator memerlukan interkoneksi dalam penyelenggaraanjasanya, hanya tingkat kebutuhan akan interkoneksi tersebutbervariasi antara satu operator dengan operator yang lain

Dalam lingkungan industri telekomunikasi yang multi-operator,kebijakan interkoneksi akan sangat mempengaruhi tingkatpersaingan antar operator

Kondisi regulasi pada saat ini belum dapat meng-cover berbagaipermasalahan Interkoneksi yang ada


Isu Utama Interkonkesi

TechnicalStandard setting; technical compatibility; signal quality; Open NetworkProvisioning (ONP)/Open Network Architecture (ONA)

ServiceCo-operative network expansion; compatible practices; uniformservice definitions and conditions; shared responsibilities, costs, andrevenues

CompetitiveTerms of access to and use of essential facilities; negotiated locations;service levels, capacities, quality; negotiated prices and risks;supplemental services for the second carrier.

RegulatedCriteria for determining equal and equivalent access; assessment ofreasonable costs and prices; incorporation of USO and industrial policyobjectives; establishing a process for ongoing problem resolution.


Reasons for Interconnection

SubNetwork

National networkSubNetwork

SubNetwork

SubNetwork

SubNetwork

Monopoli

Network

Network

Network

Network

NetworkKompetisi

Transformation marketfrom monopoli tocompetition

Interkoneksi


Struktur Interkoneksi

Network Provider Network Provider

ServiceProvider

ServiceProvider Service

Provider

ServiceProvider

Group A Group B

Interkoneksi

Koneksi


Perubahan LegalFrameworks Amandemen UU 36/1999 Cyber Laws Cybercrime Law Kebebasan Memperoleh Informasi Publik Penyiaran KUH Pidana & Perdata KUHAP Dll.


Terima Kasih

Arah Hukum Dan Regulasi Telekomunikasi - insteps.or.id Umum/Arah Hukum Dan Regulasi... · Contoh: S is temI nfo raP Sistem Informasi Pendidikan Sisminbakum e-Health e-Government e-Commerce

Documents