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49 DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Baratawidjaya K G. Imunologi Dasar. Edisi ke 7. Jakarta : Balai Penerbit Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia; 2006. 2. Abbas K A, Lichtmant A H, Pillai S. Cellular and Molecular Immunology. Sixth ed. Philadelphia : W B Saunders Company; 2007. 3. Winarto W P. Mahkota dewa budi daya dan pemanfaatan untuk obat. Jakarta: Penebar Swadaya; 2003. 4. Budijitno S. Peran Interferon Gamma, Perforin, Granzim Terhadap Apoptosis Sel Kanker Payudara Yang Mendapat Neoadjuvan Kemoterapi dan Ekstrak Phaleria macrocarpa [disertasi]. Semarang (Indonesia) : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro; 2011. 5. Ma’at S. Imunomodulator manfaat dan bahayanya. Dalam Kusmita ,L., dan Djatmika. Imunomodulator dan Perkembangannya. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Farmasi Tahun 2010 Cetakan ketiga. Semarang: Penerbit STIFAR Yayasan Farmasi 2010; p. 14-43. 6. Sawitri E. Pengaruh Ekstrak Phylanthus niruri Linn Terhadap Kanker Kolon Tikus Sprague-Dawley yang Diinduksi 1,2 Dimethylhydranzine [disertasi]. Semarang (Indonesia) : Universitas Diponegoro; 2012. 7. Bagian Patologi Klinik. Diktat Pegangan Kuliah Patologi Klinik I Jilid I. Semarang : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro; 2011. 8. Abbas K A, Lichtmant A H. Cellular and Molecular Immunologi. Fifth ed. Philadelphia : W B Saunders Company; 2004. 9. Harmanto N. Mahkota dewa : obat pusaka para dewa. Jakarta : Agromedia Pustaka; 2003. 10. Striawanti N. Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2013 Feb 19]. Available from : http://tumbuhanektum.blogspot.com/2011/12/mahkota-dewa-phaleria- macrocarpa.html 11. Saifulhaq M. Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Buah Mahkota Dewa Dosis Bertingkat terhadap Proliferasi Limfosit Lien pada Mencit Balb/C [Karya Tulis Ilmiah]. Semarang (Indonesia) : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro; 2005.
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Page 1: 49 DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Baratawidjaya K G. Imunologi Dasar. Edisi ...

49

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

1. Baratawidjaya K G. Imunologi Dasar. Edisi ke 7. Jakarta : Balai Penerbit

Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia; 2006.

2. Abbas K A, Lichtmant A H, Pillai S. Cellular and Molecular Immunology.

Sixth ed. Philadelphia : W B Saunders Company; 2007.

3. Winarto W P. Mahkota dewa budi daya dan pemanfaatan untuk obat.

Jakarta: Penebar Swadaya; 2003.

4. Budijitno S. Peran Interferon Gamma, Perforin, Granzim Terhadap

Apoptosis Sel Kanker Payudara Yang Mendapat Neoadjuvan Kemoterapi

dan Ekstrak Phaleria macrocarpa [disertasi]. Semarang (Indonesia) :

Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro; 2011.

5. Ma’at S. Imunomodulator manfaat dan bahayanya. Dalam Kusmita ,L., dan

Djatmika. Imunomodulator dan Perkembangannya. Prosiding Seminar

Nasional Farmasi Tahun 2010 Cetakan ketiga. Semarang: Penerbit STIFAR

Yayasan Farmasi 2010; p. 14-43.

6. Sawitri E. Pengaruh Ekstrak Phylanthus niruri Linn Terhadap Kanker

Kolon Tikus Sprague-Dawley yang Diinduksi 1,2 Dimethylhydranzine

[disertasi]. Semarang (Indonesia) : Universitas Diponegoro; 2012.

7. Bagian Patologi Klinik. Diktat Pegangan Kuliah Patologi Klinik I Jilid I.

Semarang : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro; 2011.

8. Abbas K A, Lichtmant A H. Cellular and Molecular Immunologi. Fifth ed.

Philadelphia : W B Saunders Company; 2004.

9. Harmanto N. Mahkota dewa : obat pusaka para dewa. Jakarta : Agromedia

Pustaka; 2003.

10. Striawanti N. Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) [Internet]. 2011 [cited

2013 Feb 19]. Available from :

http://tumbuhanektum.blogspot.com/2011/12/mahkota-dewa-phaleria-

macrocarpa.html

11. Saifulhaq M. Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Buah Mahkota Dewa Dosis

Bertingkat terhadap Proliferasi Limfosit Lien pada Mencit Balb/C [Karya

Tulis Ilmiah]. Semarang (Indonesia) : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas

Diponegoro; 2005.

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50

12. Rohyami Y. Penentuan Kandungan Flavonoid dari Ekstrak Metanol Daging

Buah Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa Scheff Boerl). LOGIKA

[Internet]. 2008 [cited 2013 Feb 15]; 5 : 1-8. Available from :

http://data.dppm.uii.ac.id/uploads/l050101%20Yuli.pdf

13. Hendra R, Ahmad S, Oskoueian E, Sukari A and Shukor MY. Antioxidant,

Anti-inflammatory and Cytotoxicity of Phaleria macrocarpa (Boerl.) Scheff

Fruit. BMC Complement Altern Med [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2012 Nov 14];

11:110. Available from : Pubmed.

14. Altaf R, Asmawi MZB, Dewa A, Sadikun A, and Umar MI. Phytochemistry

and medicinal properties of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl. Extracts.

Pharmacogn Rev [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2013 Aug 24]; 7(13):73-80.

Available from : Pubmed

15. Widyastuti N, Widiyani T and Listyawati S. Efek Teratogenik Ekstrak Buah

Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl.) pada Tikus Putih

(Rattus norvegicus L.) Galur Wistar. Bioteknologi [Internet]. 2006 [cited

2012 Nov 12];3(2):56-62. Available from :

biosains.mipa.uns.ac.id/C/C0302/C030204.pdf

16. Elliott Middleton JR, Chithan Kandaswami, Theoharides TC. The Effects of

Plant Flavonoids on Mammalian Cells : Implications for Inflamation, Heart

Disease and Cancer. Pharmacol Rev [Internet]. 2000 [ cited 2012 Dec 1]; 52

: 673-751. Available from :

http://pharmrev.aspetjournals.org/content/52/4/673.full.pdf

17. Jiao Y, Wen J, Yux. Influence of flavonoid of Astragalus membranaceu’s

stam and leaves on the function of cell mediated immunity in mice. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi [Internet]. 1999 [ cited 2012 Dec 3]

;19(6):356-8. Available from : Pubmed.

18. Riwanto I, Budijitno S, Dharmana E, Handojo D, Prasetyo SA, Eko A,

Suseno D and Prasetyo B. Effect of Phaleria Macrocarpa Supplementation

on Apoptosis and Tumor Growth of C3H Mice With Breast Cancer Under

Treatment With Adriamycin–Cyclophosphamide. Int Surgery [Internet].

2011 [cited 2013 Jan 17]; 96(2): 164-170. Available from : Pubmed.

19. Badan Pengawas Obat Makanan Republik Indonesia. Acuan Sediaan

Herbal, Jakarta : Badan POM RI; 2007.

20. Royal Museum for Central Africa. Prelude Medicinal Plant Database

[Internet]. Tervure (Belgia) [cited 2013 Feb 19]. Available from :

http://www.africamuseum.be/collections/external/prelude/view_plant?pi=09

965

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51

21. Lestarini IA. Pengaruh Pemberian Phyllanthus niruri L Terhadap Respon

Imunitas Seluler Mencit Balb/C yang diinfeksi dengan Salmonella

thypimurium [tesis]. Semarang (Indonesia) : Universitas Diponegoro; 2008.

22. Venkateswaran P S , Millman I, Blumberg BS. Effects of an extract from

Phyllanthus niruri on hepatitis B and woodchuck hepatitis viruses: In vitro

and in vivo studies. Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci. USA [Internet]. 1987 [cited 2013

Jan 27]; 82 : 274-278. Available from : Pubmed.

23. Nahid Tabassum, Sushma Chattervedi, S. S Aggrawal, Nissar Ahmed.

Hepatoprotective studies on Paracetamol Induced Liver cell Damage in

Albino Mice. JK-Practitioner [Internet]. 2005 [cited 2013 Jan 2]; 12(4):211-

212. Available from : http://medind.nic.in/jab/t05/i4/jabt05i4p211.pdf

24. Naik AD, Juvekar AR. Effects of alkaloidal extract of Phyllanthus niruri on

HIV replication. Indian J Med Sci [Internet]. 2003 [cited 2013 Jan 24] ;

57:387. Available from:

http://www.indianjmedsci.org/text.asp?2003/57/9/387/11873

25. Nworu CS, Akah PA, Okoye FB, Proksch P, Esimone CO. The effects of

Phyllanthus niruri aqueous extract on the activation of murine lymphocytes

and bone marrow-derived macrophages. Immunol Invest [Internet]. 2010

[cited 2012 Dec 21]; 39(4-5):550. Available from : Pubmed

26. World Health Organization. Research guidelines for evaluating the safety

and efficacy of herbal medicine. Manila : World Health Organization

Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 1993 : 35-40

27. Coligan JE, Kruisbeek AM, Margulies DH, Shevach EM, Strober W.

Current Protocols In Immunology Volume 2. California : John Wiley &

Sons;1991.

28. Dahlan MS. Statistik Untuk Kedokteran dan Kesehatan. Edisi ke 5. Jakarta :

Salemba Medika; 2011.

29. Abbas K A, Lichtmant A H. Basic Immunology. Second ed. Philadelphia :

Elsevier Saunders; 2006.

30. Suhirman S, Winarti C. Prospek dan Fungsi Tanaman Obat Sebagai

Imunomodulator. Buletin Perkembangan Teknologi Tanaman Rempah dan

Obat XIX No.2 [Internet]. 2007 [cited 2013 July 18]. Available from :

http://www.readbag.com/balittro-litbang-deptan-go-id-ind-images-stories-

edsus-vol19no2-4obat

Page 4: 49 DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Baratawidjaya K G. Imunologi Dasar. Edisi ...

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31. Yustisiana D. Pengaruh Pemberian Tolak Angin Anak Cair Terhadap Kadar

Nitrit Oksida (NO) Pada Mencit Swiss [Karya Tulis Ilmiah]. Semarang

(Indonesia) : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro; 2009.

32. Mills KHG. Regulatory T cells : friend or foe in immunity. Nat Rev

Immunol [Internet]. 2004 [cited July 20]; 4(11) : 841-855. Available from :

http://www.nature.com/nri/journal/v4/n11/full/nri1485.html

33. Hendra R, Ahmad S, Sukari A, Shukor MY, Oskoueian E. Flavonoid

Analyses and Antimicrobial Activity of Various Parts of Phaleria

macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl Fruit. International Journal of Molecular

Sciences [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2013 July 18]; 12(6):3422-3431. Available

from: Pubmed

34. Hidalgo M, Shancez-Moreno C, de Pascual-Teresa S. Flavonoid-flavonoid

Interaction and its effect on their antioxidant activity. Science-Direct

[Internet]. 2010 [cited 2013 July 18]; 171(1):691-696. Available from:

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308814610000464

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LAMPIRAN

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HASIL OUTPUT SPSS 15.0

Descriptives

Frequencies

Explore

Descriptives

Perlakuan Statistic Std. Error

Limfoblas K Mean 1,7920 ,41790

95% Confidence Interval for Mean

Lower Bound ,6317

Upper Bound 2,9523

5% Trimmed Mean 1,7822

Descriptive Statistics

20 0 3 1,50 1,147 ,000 ,512 -1,401 ,992

20 ,75 11,48 4,8200 2,93688 ,680 ,512 -,058 ,992

20

Perlakuan

Limfoblas

Valid N (listwise)

Stat ist ic Stat ist ic Stat ist ic Stat ist ic Stat ist ic Stat ist ic Std. Error Stat ist ic Std. Error

N Minimum Maximum Mean Std.

Dev iationSkewness Kurtosis

Statistics

20 20

0 0

1,50 4,8200

1,50 4,6800

1,147 2,93688

,000 ,680

,512 ,512

-1,401 -,058

,992 ,992

0 ,75

3 11,48

Valid

Missing

N

Mean

Median

Std. Dev iation

Skewness

Std. Error of Skewness

Kurtosis

Std. Error of Kurtosis

Minimum

Maximum

Perlakuan Limfoblas

Case Processing Summary

5 100,0% 0 ,0% 5 100,0%

5 100,0% 0 ,0% 5 100,0%

5 100,0% 0 ,0% 5 100,0%

5 100,0% 0 ,0% 5 100,0%

Perlakuan

K

P1

P2

P3

Limfoblas

N Percent N Percent N Percent

Valid Missing Total

Cases

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Median 2,0300

Variance ,873

Std. Deviation ,93446

Minimum ,75

Maximum 3,01

Range 2,26

Interquartile Range 1,76

Skewness ,095 ,913

Kurtosis -1,619 2,000

P1 Mean 6,7500 1,52052

95% Confidence Interval for Mean

Lower Bound 2,5284

Upper Bound 10,9716

5% Trimmed Mean 6,7461

Median 7,3000

Variance 11,560

Std. Deviation 3,39998

Minimum 2,09

Maximum 11,48

Range 9,39

Interquartile Range 5,61

Skewness ,034 ,913

Kurtosis 1,116 2,000

P2 Mean 6,4840 1,20182

95% Confidence Interval for Mean

Lower Bound 3,1472

Upper Bound 9,8208

5% Trimmed Mean 6,4744

Median 6,5400

Variance 7,222

Std. Deviation 2,68736

Minimum 3,14

Maximum 10,00

Range 6,86

Interquartile Range 5,06

Skewness ,091 ,913

Kurtosis -,992 2,000

P3 Mean 4,2540 ,51699

95% Confidence Interval for Mean

Lower Bound 2,8186

Upper Bound 5,6894

5% Trimmed Mean 4,2822

Median 4,6200

Variance 1,336

Std. Deviation 1,15602

Minimum 2,50

Maximum 5,50

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Range 3,00

Interquartile Range 2,04

Skewness -,887 ,913

Kurtosis ,451 2,000

Tests of Normality

Perlakuan

Kolmogorov-Smirnov(a) Shapiro-Wilk

Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.

Limfoblas K ,213 5 ,200(*) ,932 5 ,607

P1 ,230 5 ,200(*) ,965 5 ,843

P2 ,142 5 ,200(*) ,989 5 ,978

P3 ,224 5 ,200(*) ,949 5 ,729

* This is a lower bound of the true significance. a Lilliefors Significance Correction

Boxplot

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Oneway Test of Homogeneity of Variances

Limfoblas

Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.

1,803 3 16 ,187

ANOVA

Limfoblas

Sum of

Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Between Groups 79,915 3 26,638 5,076 ,012

Within Groups 83,965 16 5,248

Total 163,880 19

Post Hoc Tests

Multiple Comparisons

Dependent Variable: Limfoblas

LSD

-4,95800* 1,44884 ,003 -8,0294 -1,8866

-4,69200* 1,44884 ,005 -7,7634 -1,6206

-2,46200 1,44884 ,109 -5,5334 ,6094

4,95800* 1,44884 ,003 1,8866 8,0294

,26600 1,44884 ,857 -2,8054 3,3374

2,49600 1,44884 ,104 -,5754 5,5674

4,69200* 1,44884 ,005 1,6206 7,7634

-,26600 1,44884 ,857 -3,3374 2,8054

2,23000 1,44884 ,143 -,8414 5,3014

2,46200 1,44884 ,109 -,6094 5,5334

-2,49600 1,44884 ,104 -5,5674 ,5754

-2,23000 1,44884 ,143 -5,3014 ,8414

(J) Perlakuan

P1

P2

P3

K

P2

P3

K

P1

P3

K

P1

P2

(I) Perlakuan

K

P1

P2

P3

Mean

Dif f erence

(I-J) Std. Error Sig. Lower Bound Upper Bound

95% Conf idence Interv al

The mean dif f erence is signif icant at the .05 lev el.*.

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FOTO KEGIATAN PENELITIAN

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BIODATA MAHASISWA

Identitas

Nama : Josephine Rahma Gunawan

NIM : G2A009055

Tempat/tanggal lahir : Semarang, 7 November 1991

Jenis Kelamin : Perempuan

Alamat : Jl. Citandui VII / 144 Semarang

Nomor Telepon : 024-3550228

Nomor HP : 081802442802

e-mail : [email protected]

Riwayat Pendidikan Formal

1. SD : SD Marsudirini Gedangan Lulus tahun : 2003

2. SMP : SMP PL Domenico Savio Lulus tahun : 2006

3. SMA : SMA Kolese Loyola Lulus tahun : 2009

4. FK UNDIP : Masuk tahun 2009

Keanggotaan Organisasi

1. Anggota Diklat BEM FK UNDIP 2010/2011

2. Sekretaris Medical Creative Art (MCA) 2010/2011

3. Bendahara PRMK FK UNDIP 2011/2012