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1. Pengantar Sismik

Feb 14, 2018

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    SISTEMATIKA MIKROBA

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    QUIZ 2 (15 MENIT)

    1. Jelaskan tentang p!ses pe"#ent$kan #%!&%l"'

    2. Jelaskan tentang n%la% pent%ng as!s%as% "%k!%a#ag% p!$ks% petan%an'

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    PENGANTAR SISTEMATIKA MIKROBIA

    Sistematika: %l"$ *ang "e"pela+a% keanekaaga"an "a,l$k

    ,%$p seta ,$#$ngan kekea#atan anta sesa"an*a

    Tiga bidang kajian sistematika:

    Klas%&%kas%

    Tatana"a (N!"enklat$)

    Ient%&%kas%

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    Taksonomi- %l"$ *ang "e"pela+a% te!% klas%&%kas% *ang "enak$p asa/

    p%ns%p seta at$an klas%&%kas%

    Klasifikasi - paktek taks!n!"% *a%t$ p!ses penataan !gan%s"e ke ala"

    s$at$ kel!"p!k (taks!n) #easakan ,$#$ngan ke"%%pan

    (s%"%la%tas) ata$ ,$#$ngan kekea#atan (e0!l$s%!ne).

    Identifikasi- p!ses an ,as%l penent$an apaka, s$at$ !gan%s"e *ang

    #el$" %kenal "e$pakan angg!ta kel!"p!k *ang s$a,

    %keta,$% se#el$"n*a ata$ #$kan.

    Tatanama: aa pe"#e%an na"a %l"%a, "a,l$k ,%$p "en$$t k!e

    tatana"a.

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    SEJARA K!ASI"IKASI MA!#K I$#P-

    asa Klas%&%kas%

    A%st!teles ( "% 1344san) - $n%a lantae6 Kena"pakan "!&!l!g% l$a

    $n%a An%"al%a

    E. 7aekel (1388) - $n%a lantae6 "!&!l!g% ("%k!sk!p%s) an &%s%!l!g%

    $n%a An%"al%a6

    $n%a !t%sta

    E. 9,att!n (1:;,%ttake (1:8:)- $n%a M!nea !gan%sas% %ntenal sel6 n$t%s%/ $n%a !t%sta st$kt$ !gan%sas% sel$la

    $n%a ?$ng%

    $n%a lantae

    $n%a An%"al%a

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    9al >!ese (1:

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    SISTEM K!ASI"IKASI

    "enetik: #easakan ke"%%pan s%&at

    "ilogenetik: #easakan ,$#$ngan e0!l$s%

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    $ASAR %PEN$EKATAN& SISTEM

    K!ASI"IKASI:

    Klasifikasi klasik monotetik

    Klasifikasi numerik-fenetik-politetik

    Klasifikasi kimiawi (khemotaksonomi)

    Klasifikasi molekular (taksonomi molekular)

    Taksonomi polifasik

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    K!ASI"IKASI $AN IERARKI TAKSONOMIS:

    Hierarki TaksonomisHierarki Taksonomis

    Dom ainDom ain EukaryaEukarya BakteriaBakteria ArkhaeaArkhaea

    DuniaDunia PlantaePlantae BakteriaBakteria ArkhaeaArkhaea

    PhylumPhylum AnthophytaAnthophyta ProteobacteriaProteobacteria CrenarcheotaCrenarcheota

    ClassisClassis MonocotyledoneaeMonocotyledoneae Gamma ProteobacteriaGamma Proteobacteria ThermoproteiThermoprotei

    OrdoOrdo CommelinalesCommelinales EnterobacterialesEnterobacteriales SulfolobalesSulfolobales

    FamiliaFamilia PoaceaePoaceae EnterobacteriaceaeEnterobacteriaceae SulfolobaceaeSulfolobaceae

    GenusGenus ZeaZea SalmonellaSalmonella SulfolobusSulfolobus

    SpeciesSpecies Zea maysZea mays S. dysenteriaeS. dysenteriae Slf. MetallicusSlf. Metallicus

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    TATANAMA %NOMENK!AT#R&

    International Code of Bacterial omenclature(Sneat,/ 1::2).

    International Code of Botanical omenclature(@e$te et al./ 1::)

    International Code of !oological omenclature(R%e et al./ 1:35)

    Sistem binomial- nama spesies terdiri dari dua kata

    Bahasa "atin atau diperlakukan se#agai #ahasa "atin

    Na"a gen$s - diawali dengan huruf kapital e$g$ Bacillus

    en$n+$k spes%es - ditulis dengan huruf kecil e$g$ su#tilis Na"a spes%es - Bacillus subtilis

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    KONSEP SPESIES:

    omenspecies- s,ae t,e sa"e t%pe strain

    Ta&ospecies - s%"%la%t* %ne

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    MI'ROBIA! S(STEMATI'S- MI9ROBIAD

    IERSITF = REDATIONS7I

    9lass%&%ass%!n- N!"enlat$e-

    Ient%&%at%!n-

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    9DASSI?I9ATION

    'lassifi)ation- p!ess = p!$t

    Ta*onom+- t,e!%t%al st$* !&

    lass%&%at%!n

    At%&%%al lass%&%at%!n -spe%al p$p!se

    ,enet% lasss%&%at%!n-

    ,*l!genet% (p,*let%) lass%&%at%!n-

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    NOMEN9DATURE

    Ba)te,ia - A,).aea-

    International Code of omenclature for Bacterial

    App!0e D%st !& Bate%al Na"e 1 Jan$a* 1:34.

    al% p$#l%at%!n (IJSB IJSEM (2444) T*pe sta%n "$st #e es%gnate

    "/ngi - Algae-

    International Code of Botanical omenclatureP,oto0oa:

    International Code of !oological omenclature -

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    MOERN SFSTEMATI9S

    Identifi)ation- "%!#%al e!l!g*/ %n$st%al

    #%!te,n!l!g*/ %agn!st%

    ,!sp%tal "%!#%!l!g*

    '/,,ent t,ends- M!en "%!#%als*ste"at%s

    9,e"%st*- chemos%stematics

    M!le$la #%!l!g*- molecular s%stematics

    ata ,anl%ng- numerical phenetic

    s%stematics

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    'EMOTA1ONOM(

    '.emota*onom+- amino acids lipids pol%sacharides proteins

    en%mes whole-cell

    @9

    7D9

    *MS (*!l*s%s Mass Spet!"et*)

    Elet!p,!es%s

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    N#MERI'A! PENETI' TA1ONOM(

    N/me,i)al 2.eneti) ta*onom+- p,en!t*p% test =!"p$te anal*s%s

    '/lt/,al- colonial morpholog% pigmentation

    Mo,2.ologi)al- cell shape staining reaction motilit%

    P.+siologi)al- growth temp$ anaero#ic growth

    Bio).emi)al- acid from car#oh%drates nitrate reduction

    N/t,itional- car#on sources

    '.emota*onomi)- amino acids cell wall mem#rane lipids

    In.ibito,+ tests- sensiti*it% to anti#iotics

    Se,ologi)al- agglutination

    Genomi)- mol + 'C ,-, reassociation

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    PO!(PASI' S(STEMATI'S

    Pol+2.asi) s+stemati)s- integrated use of genot%picand

    phenot%pic data

    9!ng$ene- chemota&onomic numerical phenetic and

    molecular s%stematics

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    ?IE KIN@OM = T7REE OMAIN

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    TREE O? DI?E- T7REE OMAIN