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1 PELATIHAN & SERTIFIKASI PELATIHAN & SERTIFIKASI MANAJEMEN PROYEK MANAJEMEN PROYEK (Project Management Workshop & (Project Management Workshop & Certification ) Certification ) IAMPI IAMPI Ikatan Ahli Ikatan Ahli Manajemen Proyek Indonesia Manajemen Proyek Indonesia PROJECT TIME MANAGEMENT PROJECT TIME MANAGEMENT Pito Sumarno
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05. Project Time Iampi

Feb 05, 2016

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Page 1: 05. Project Time Iampi

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PELATIHAN & SERTIFIKASI PELATIHAN & SERTIFIKASI MANAJEMEN PROYEKMANAJEMEN PROYEK

(Project Management Workshop & Certification )(Project Management Workshop & Certification )

IAMPI IAMPI Ikatan Ahli Manajemen Proyek Indonesia Ikatan Ahli Manajemen Proyek Indonesia

(Indonesian Society of Project Management Professionals)(Indonesian Society of Project Management Professionals)

PROJECT TIME MANAGEMENTPROJECT TIME MANAGEMENT

Pito Sumarno

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PROJECT SCOPE MANAGEMENT PROCESS GROUPS

PMBOK p. 40 5Pito Sumarno

Define ActivitiesSequence Activities Estimate Activity ResourcesEstimate Activity DurationsDevelop Schedule

Control Schedule

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6. 1. DEFINE ACTIVITIES OUTPUTS.1. Activity List (Daftar Kegiatan) Adalah daftar aktivitas menyeluruh termasuk semua schedule aktivitas yang direncanakan dan dilaksanakan pada proyek.

Daftar aktivitas tidak termasuk schedule aktivitas yang tidak diperlukan pada bagian dari scope proyek.

(PMBOK © Guide p. 129)

Daftar aktivitas meliputi kegiatan dari hasil identifikasi dan scope yang diuraikan pada setiap schedule aktivitas yang kurang detail untuk memastikan bahwa anggota tim memahami pekerjaan yang harus dilakukan.

Schedule aktivitas adalah komponen terpisah dari schedule proyek tetapi bukan komponen WBS

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6. 1. DEFINE ACTIVITIES OUTPUTS

.2. Activity Atributes Adalah mengindikasikan beberapa attribute yang terkait dengan setiap schedule aktivitas.

Termasuk meng-identifikasi aktivitas, kode aktivitas, deskripsi aktivitas, aktivitas yang mendahului, aktivitas yang mengikutinya, hubungan secara logik, jeda waktu didepan dan dibelakang, persyaratan sumberdaya, penetapan tanggal, batasan, asumsi asumsi, penanggung jawab, lokasi proyek, jenis schedule aktivitas dan lain lain.

Digunakan untuk pengembangan schedule proyek dan memilih, memerintah, menyingkat perencanaan schedule aktivitas diberbagai cara untuk tujuan kecepatan dan ketepatan laporan sesuai modelnya.

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6. 1. ACTIVITY DEFINITION OUTPUTS.3. Milestone ListDaftar schedule milestone yang mengidentifikasikan semua milestone dan apakah milestone wajib (diperlukan oleh kontrak) atau pilihan ( berdasarkan informasi proyek lama).

Daftar milestone adalah komponen project management plan (4.3) dan milestone digunakan pada schedule model.

EVENT JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG

Contract Award

Specification Review

Design Review

Value Engineering

Site Preparation

Quality Planning

DATA DATEMILESTONE LIST & CHART

(PMBOK © Guide p. 130)

Milestone adalah Peristiwa yang diperlukan untuk bagian dari urutan aktivitas, untuk memastikan bahwa kebutuhan dalam memenuhi milstone(s) terpenuhi dengan tidak memiliki durasi (nol)

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10Pito Sumarno

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INPUT TOOLS & TECHNIQUES OUTPUT

11Pito Sumarno

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1. Precedence diagramming method (PDM)

Precedence diagramming method (PDM)

Activity Name

Duration

ES EF

LS LF

Activity Name

Duration

ES EF

LS LF

Activity Name

Duration

ES EF

LS LF

Activity Name

Duration

ES EF

LS LF

Activity Name

Duration

ES EF

LS LF

AON : Activity On Node

(PMBOK © Guide p. 132)

Metode yang menggunakan kotak atau rectangel sebagai Node dan sebagai aktivitas yang kemudian dihubungkannya dengan anak panah yang menunjukkan ketergantungan.

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2. Arrow diagramming method (ADM)

Arrow diagramming method (ADM)

Start

Finish

A

B

E

D F

C

AOA : Activity On Arrow

(PMBOK © Guide p. 133)

Metode yang menggunakan Anak panah sebagai aktivitas dan menghubungkannya dengan panah yang menunjukkan ketergantungan.

Meskipun kurang lazim dibanding dengan PDM akan tetapi teorinya masih digunakan dalam mengajarkan schedule network di beberapa aplikasi areas.

ADM hanya menggunakan jenis ketergantungan finish to start dan dapat dipakai untuk “Dummy” atau yang disebut aktivitas dummy, yang biasanya digambarkan dengan garis strip.

Pada kegiatan dummy tidak menggambarkan schedule aktivitas, maka tidak ada isinya dan nilainya durasi Zero.

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3. Schedule network tamplates

(PMBOK © Guide p. 133)

Project schedule network diagram template bisa digunakan untuk mempercepat persiapan network dari aktivitas schedule proyek.

Bisa termasuk seluruh proyek atau hanya bagian tertentu.

Bagian Schedule diagram network proyek sering digunakan sebagai sub network atau fragment network.

Contohnya: lantai pada high rise office building.

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4. Dependency determinationAda tiga jenis ketergantungan yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan urutan kegiatan :

Mandatory dependenciesKetergantungan Wajib yang tidak bisa dipisahkan dari wujud pekerjaan yang telah dilakukan. Ketergantungan wajib adalah juga dinamakan Hard Logic.

Discretionary dependenciesKetergantungan tidak wajib, biasanya ditentukan oleh tim proyek. Mempunyai kepedulian ( dan secara penuh di-dokumentasikan), Pada umumnya digambarkan berdasar pada pengetahuan : Best practise, dan yang tidak umum, dan biasanya dinamakan Prefered logic, Preferential logic, atau shoft logic.

(PMBOK © Guide p. 133)

External dependenciesKetergantungan eksternal yang melibatkan suatu hubungan antar aktivitas proyek dan yang bukan aktivitas proyek.

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5. Applying leads and lags

(PMBOK © Guide p. 134)

Tim manajemen proyek menetapkan ketergantungan (6.2.2.4) mungkin memerlukan lead atau lag dalam mengakuratkan hubungan secara logic.

Yang terkait dengan asumsi selalu didokumentasikan.

Lead membolehkan percepatan kegiatan yang mengikutinya (-lag).

Sedangkan Lag diarahkan pada perlambatan kegiatan yang mengikutinya. (+lag)

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Activity Relationships TypesActivity Relationships TypesActivity A

Activity B

Finish To Start

Activity AActivity B

Start To Start

Activity AActivity B

Finish To Finish

Activity A

Activity B

Start To Finish

Activity A

Activity B

Finish To Start

With Lag

FS + 7

Activity A

Activity B

Start To Start

With LagSS + 5

Activity A

Activity B

Finish To Finish

With LagFF + 3

Activity A

Activity B

Start To FinishSF - 2

With Lead = - Lag

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Precedence Diagram Method (PDM)12 activities, 23 logic diagram

Arrow Diagram Method (ADM)12 activities and 2 dummies

Network

Begin

A B

C D E

H F G End

I

K L

J

Begin End

1

2

3

4

6

7

5

A B

DC

F

I

L

H

K

G

E

J

Pito Sumarno

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CONTOH CPMCONTOH CPMCalculation Early dates, Late dates and Total Float Identify Critical Path.

Activity A

Duration= 5

Activity B

Duration=10

Activity C

Duration=15

Activity D

Duration= 8

Activity E

Duration=2

Activity FDuration=5

Activity G

Duration=5

FF + 2

SS + 5

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CONTOH CPMCONTOH CPMCalculation Early dates

Activity A

Duration= 5

Activity B

Duration=10

Activity C

Duration=15

Activity D

Duration= 8

Activity E

Duration=2

Activity F

Duration=5

Activity G

Duration=5

FF + 2

SS + 5

5

Foreward Pass

1

6 20

6 15

11 18 19 20

21 25

23 27

ES = Early Start = EF pred terbesar + 1EF = Early Finish = ES + OD – 1

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CONTOH CPMCONTOH CPMCalculation Early dates, Late dates

Activity A

Duration= 5

Activity B

Duration=10

Activity C

Duration=15

Activity D

Duration= 8

Activity E

Duration=2

Activity F

Duration=5

Activity G

Duration=5

FF + 2

SS + 5

5

Backward Pass

1

6 20

6 15

11 18 19 20

21 25

23 27

2723

21 25

21 2213 20

6 20

1 5

8 20

LF = Late Finish = ES suc – 1LS = Late Start = LF – OD + 1

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CONTOH CPMCONTOH CPMCalculation Early dates, Late dates, Total Float

Activity A

Duration= 5

Activity B

Duration=10

Activity C

Duration=15

Activity D

Duration= 8

Activity E

Duration=2

Activity F

Duration=5

Activity G

Duration=5

FF + 2

SS + 5

5

Backward Pass

1

6 20

6 15

11 18 19 20

21 25

23 27

2723

21 25

21 2213 20

6 20

1 5

8 20

Foreward Pass

00

0 0

2222

52

00

00

Critical Path

TF

TF = Total Float = ES suc – EF pred – 1 = Zero = Critical= LS – ES; LF – EF

FF = Free Float = LF – OD – ES ; FF is defined as the amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the early start of any immediately following activitiesFloat = Float or slack is a measure of scheduling flexibility.

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CONTOH BAR CHARTCONTOH BAR CHART

Bar Chart = Gantt Charts

Show tasks relative to time (activity start and end dates), expected duration, usually not show dependencies.

Relatively easy to read start/finish date and view progress

Most proper for the Management

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INPUT TOOLS & TECHNIQUES OUTPUT

27Pito Sumarno

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INPUT TOOLS & TECHNIQUES OUTPUT

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PERT Duration CalculationPERT Duration CalculationFor a singgle Activity (Tree-Point For a singgle Activity (Tree-Point

Estimates)Estimates)

Most Likely

(Used in original CPM calculation)

PERT Weighted Average =

Optimistic + 4 X Most Likely + Pessimistic

6

Optimistic Pessimistic

Beta Distribution

Higher

LongerShorter

Lower

Probability of Occurrence

Possible Durations

Jack R. Meredith, Samuel J. Mantel,JR, Project Management, p. 344

TE

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INPUT TOOLS & TECHNIQUES OUTPUT

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.3. Schedule compression

Normal Operation

All Activity Crash

Minimum Cost Total Crash

Program completion Time, Weeks

Prog

ram

Cos

t ( $

/ ID

R )

Crash

0

Increase cost

Compression (With Crashing)Compression (With Crashing)

Tools : Duration Compression

Crashing : Doing anything to reduce the schedule completion of the project .

The rule in implementing Crashing are :a. Crash on Critical Pathb. Crash Critical Activities

whose have cheapest cost

(PMBOK © Guide p. 145)

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Start

Design Detail Check Purchase Material

Start Mfg

Design Detail Purchase Material

CheckCompression

Tools : Duration Compression

2. Fast TrackingActivities that schedule sequence are scheduled to be done with some overlap.

Hints : a. Leads, b. Logic relationship.

Compression (With Fast Tracking)Compression (With Fast Tracking)

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FormulasES = Early Start = EF pred terbesar + 1EF = Early Finish = ES + OD – 1LF = Late Finish = ES suc – 1LS = Late Start = LF – OD + 1TF = Total Float = ES suc – EF pred – 1 = Zero = Critical

= LS – ES; LF – EFFF = Free Float = LF – OD – ES ; FF is defined as the amount of time an activity can be delayed without delayingthe early start of any immediately following activities.Float = Float or slack is a measure of scheduling flexibility.OD = Original DurationPred = Predecessor (yang mendahului)Suc = Successor (yang mengikuti)

Bwpas = LF(1) akhir = EF akhir LF(2) = LS suc terbesar – 1 Bwpas = LF(1) require = EF akhir LF(2) = LS suc terbesar – 1 CPM (Critical Path Method) : Determine the group of activities that cannot be delayed without delaying the

completion date for the entire project.

In order to find :1. Early Dates: By forward Pass Calculation2. Late Dates : By Backward Pass Calculation 3. Total Float : By substract early dates from late dates4. Total float is belong to entire string of activities Not to an individual activity

Primavera Inc, summarized by Pito.S

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WEEK 1 WEEK 2 DESCRIPTION WEEK 3 WEEK 4

Activity-1

Activity-2

Activity-4

Activity-3

Activity-5

Activity-6 40Pito Sumarno

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CONTOH PERT CHARTCONTOH PERT CHARTProgram Evaluation and Riview TechniqueNetwork Diagram

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CONTOH ARROW DIAGRAMCONTOH ARROW DIAGRAM

123

I7

36

6

8

5

133

8 138

420

3

32 3632

2323

23

2323

H

G

F

E

D

C

BA

58

2

10

11

7 9

40

Red color : Identified CPM (Critical Path Method)

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CONTOH BAR CHARTCONTOH BAR CHART

Bar Chart = Gantt Charts

Show tasks relative to time (activity start and end dates), expected duration, usually not show dependencies.

Relatively easy to read start/finish date and view progress

Most proper for the Management

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.5. Resource leveling

1 2 3 4 5

b

a

c

activ

ity

Days

1 2 3 4 5

b

a

c

activ

ity

Days

1 2 3 4 5

4

6

2

Wor

kers

Days

8a

c

b

c

bc

1 2 3 4 5

4

6

2

Wor

kers

Days

8

c

a b

a

b

c1

3

2

4

Sebelum Resource Leveling

Setelah Resource Leveling

Jack R. Meredith, Samuel J. Mantel,JR, Project Management, p. 401

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INPUT TOOLS & TECHNIQUES OUTPUT

47Pito Sumarno

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Schedule Control FlowSchedule Control Flow

Progress Monitoring

Schedule Assessment

Variance Analysis

Corective Action

Replanning

Forecasting

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Schedule AssessmentSchedule Assessment

Update Progress

Impact Completion

Date

Review Critical & Next Critical

Activities

Prepare Report

Schedule

Variance report

Variance Analysis

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Progress MonitoringProgress Monitoring

Progress Progress Progress Progress

Agregate Progress

ApprovedSchedule

AssessmentYesNo

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How to Improve ProgressHow to Improve Progress Tingkatkan Productivity

Tingkatkan/tambah Manpower

Kerja Overtime

Kurangi Scope of Work bila memungkinkan

Subcontracting sebagian dari pekerjaan

Fast-Tracking

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Earned Value Analysis

JutaIDR%

2000 100

1800 90

1600 80

1400 70

1200 60

1000 50

800 40

600 30

400 20

200 10

0 0 3 6 12 25 35 52 75 85 95 98 99 100 %

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Month

Planned Value (PV)(BCWS)

Actual Cost (AC)(ACWP)

Cos

t

Data Date

Projected Budget Completed

Projected Time Completed

Schedule Overrun

Cost Overrun

Work Performed (EV)(BCWP)

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MANAJEMEN WAKTU/JADWAL PROYEKMANAJEMEN WAKTU/JADWAL PROYEK

TERIMA KASIHTERIMA KASIH

Pito Sumarno